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Biomedical subjects

J C Samantaray

Publications and source records attributed to J C Samantaray.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Visceral leishmaniasis/human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in India: the focus of two epidemics.

India contributes heavily to the global burden of visceral leishmaniasis (VL, kala-azar) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS. The prevalence of HIV seropositivity in VL patients at a tertiary care centre in northern India, as observed during a prospective study over a period of 2 years, is presented. Of the 104 cases of VL/post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis, six (5.7 %) were found to be HIV positive, compared to 11 (5.5 %) seropositive for HIV of 198 patients with fever due to other causes. Four of the six (67 %) VL/HIV co-infected patients had a chronic/relapsing course, not responding to antileishmanial treatment. A CD4 T-cell count of < 200 mm(-3) was found in four of the five (80 %) co-infected patients in whom the test was done. Although the level of HIV/VL co-infection in the present study was lower than that of Mediterranean countries, there is a trend towards rising co-infection. The VL-endemic states of India have a huge population of migrant labourers, who work in high-HIV-prevalence states. The reported increase in the prevalence of HIV in the VL-endemic, populous states of India is a cause of grave concern, and co-infection may assume epidemic proportions in the coming decade if left unchecked.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Refractory isosporiasis.

The authors describe a case of severe debilitating diarrhea due to isosporiasis in a two year old child, a known case of systemic vasculitis receiving prolonged corticosteroids therapy, an association rarely reported previously. It was refractory to treatment with dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor combined with sulfonamide such as cotrimoxazole to which isosporiasis usually responds well and is being described here for clinical interest and uniqueness of its presentation and laboratory findings.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Transthoracic lung aspiration in etiology of pneumonia.

Transthoracic lung aspiration was performed in 30 episodes of pneumonia in 27 children with malignancy on chemotherapy to assess etiology of pulmonary infections. Total of 22 organisms were isolated in 16/30 (53.3%) episodes. No acid fast bacilli or Pneumocystis carinii were seen. Organisms grown by blood culture correlated with that of lung puncture in 5 episodes, while throat culture and nasopharyngeal organisms correlated with that of lung puncture on one occasion each. Organisms isolated in 8/18 episodes (44.4%) of antemorten transthoracic aspiration included: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis and Diphtheroids. In 3/18 episodes, lung puncture results altered treatment and thus resulted in survival of the patients. Only one minor complication occurred in this study--pneumothorax that resolved spontaneously. Thus, transthoracic lung puncture is an useful and safe procedure in immunocompromised patients with pneumonia who do not respond to initial broad spectrum antibiotics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The first probable case of platelet transfusion-transmitted visceral leishmaniasis.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL; kala-azar), a life-threatening infection of the mononuclear phagocytic system, is transmitted by the bite of infected sand flies. Though peripheral parasitaemia is documented for Leishmania spp. causing VL, reports of transfusion-transmitted infections are rare. A case of probable platelet transfusion-acquired VL is reported from India and issues related to transfusion safety in endemic areas are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Purification and partial characterization of PfHRP-II protein of Plasmodium falciparum.

The human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum secretes various intra-and extra-cellular proteins during its asexual life cycle in human RBC. Histidine rich protein-II (HRP-II) is one of the most prominent proteins, found to be secreted by P. falciparum throughout the asexual cycle with the peak during mature schizont stage of the parasite development in human IRBC. The high histidine content (35% of the total amino acids in protein) of this protein suggested the potential to bind divalent metal ions. We have demonstrated by metal chelate chromatography, an extraordinary capacity of HRP-II to bind nickel ions (Ni++) and employed this characteristic to purify the extra-cellular HRP-II protein secreted by P. falciparum from culture supernatant. The identity of the purified protein was verified by the relative molecular weight on SDS-PAGE, by reacting with polyclonal antibodies directed against it using Western blot technique.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Successful treatment of Acanthamoeba meningitis with combination oral antimicrobials.

Acanthamoeba was implicated as the causative agent of chronic meningitis in three apparently immunocompetent children. Diagnosis was established by cerebrospinal fluid wet mount examination and culture. Two children improved rapidly with combination oral therapy composed of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, rifampin and ketoconazole.

Acanthamoeba↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of a rapid antigen capture assay for the diagnosis of falciparum malaria.

A study was carried out to evaluate the accuracy of a dipstick antigen capture assay for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein II antigen (Pf HRP-II) in peripheral blood to diagnose P. falciparum malaria. The sensitivity and specificity of the test was found to be 97 and 100 per cent respectively. The persistence of the antigen varied from 5 to 15 days after initiation of antimalarial therapy. The assay was simple to perform, rapid and easy to interpret. However, infection due to other species of human malaria parasites cannot be detected by this dipstick assay. Use of more sensitive technique like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) would help in diagnosing cases with low parasitaemia and infection due to other plasmodial species.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Trichuris vulpis infection in an Indian tribal population.

Stools from 28 of the 82 inhabitants on remote Little Andaman Island in India were examined for parasite eggs and cysts. Trichuris trichiura eggs were found in 27, Trichuris vulpis eggs in 5, Strongyloides stercoralis larvae in 3, hookworm eggs in 15, Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba coli cysts each in 9, Giardia lamblia in 6, Retortamonas sp. in 3, Iodoamoeba sp. in 2, and Chilomastix sp. in 2 stools. Ascaris lumbricoides eggs were not seen. The occurrence of T. vulpis eggs in 5 stools and the absence of A. lumbricoides eggs were considered unusual findings.

Animals↗