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Biomedical subjects

J C Shanks

Publications and source records attributed to J C Shanks.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

A functional speech impression used to fabricate a maxillary speech prosthesis for a partial glossectomy patient.

Surgery for cancer of the floor of the mouth often results in alteration of the muscles of the tongue and floor of the mouth. Both primary and secondary surgical procedures often result in scar formation with reduced mobility of the tongue during speech and deglutition. Speech is often used as a diagnostic tool in the placement of the anterior teeth during fabrication of a prosthesis. Speech can similarly be used to help determine the proper placement of a speech portion of the prosthesis. The prosthetic rehabilitation approach described lowers the palatal vault with a false palate to enable the tongue to function against it during speech (Fig. 15). Group studies have shown that the design and fabrication of speech prostheses for partial glossectomy patients have significantly improved speech and swallowing for these patients. A speech pathologist is helpful during diagnosis, and speech therapy is necessary for significant speech improvement. Prosthetic rehabilitation alone cannot be expected to improve speech.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Effect of gastroesophageal reflux on esophageal speech.

Gastroesophageal reflux has been incriminated as a factor-inhibiting acquisition of esophageal speech after laryngectomy. Fourteen proficient esophageal speakers and 10 nonproficient speakers underwent esophageal manometry, esophageal pH probe testing, and Bernstein acid perfusion testing. Additionally, 175 laryngectomized members of Lost Chord Clubs answered mailed questionnaires about the frequency of reflux symptoms. Nonproficient and proficient esophageal speakers had a similar frequency of gastroesophageal reflux by pH probe testing, esophageal mucosal acid sensitivity by Bernstein testing, lower esophageal sphincter pressures, and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. Gastroesophageal reflux does not appear to be a major factor in preventing esophageal speech.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Dominant inheritance of velopharyngeal incompetence.

A family is described in which a girl, two boys and their father showed speech hypernasality. A half-sib, a grandfather, a great-aunt, and a cousin of these sibs also showed a similar speech defect. Analysis of recorded speech of the father and three sibs revealed articulation deficiencies in addition to hypernasality. Intra-oral examination and neurologic evaluation of the cranial nerves failed to reveal any abnormality in palate morphology or cranial nerve function. Psychometric and audiometric studies of the affected did not contribute to an explanation of the defect. Speech cinefluoroscopy and cephalometric radiographs confirmed that the speech defect involved velopharyngeal incompetence resulting from an anatomic disproportion of the velopharyngeal structures. The family pedigree supports the concept that this type of nasal speech, resulting from disproportion of velopharyngeal structures, is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Nasal obstruction as a complication of pharyngeal flap surgery.

In a series of 85 patients who had pharyngeal flap surgery at Indiana University Medical Center, We found an unusually high incidence of hyponasality with total or near total nasal obstruction. The nasal obstruction was often occult, detected only after careful questioning and examination. Nasal obstruction was associated with peri-operative infection or micrognathia as in the Pierre Robin Anomalad. Flap division or port revision yielded a significant relief of the nasal obstruction and achievement of normal nasal balance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Velopharyngeal relationships of /i/ and /s/ as seen cephalometrically for persons with suspected incompetence.

Measurements of velopharyngeal gaps were obtained for 110 subjects with suspected velopharyngeal incompetence. Cephalometric x rays during a high vowel, /i/, and a sustained voiceless sibilant, /s/, were compared. Velopharyngeal gaps for the two phonemes differed in group means and for most individual subjects, with greater gaps being found for /i/ than for /s/. Persons with smaller gaps generally were found to have /i/ gaps in the absence of /s/ gaps, and greater /i-s/ discrepancy. Relationships between velum and pharyngeal wall perceived cephalometrically during /i/ and /s/ were not found to be equivalent. Generally, the /i/ radiograph agreed better with presumed velopharyngeal incompetence.

Adolescent↗