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Biomedical subjects

J C Sinclair

Publications and source records attributed to J C Sinclair.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Clinical and epidemiological significance of the HBSAg (Australia antigen): carrier state.

One hundred fifteen asymptomatic Australia antigen (HBSAg) carriers, discovered by routine testing of volunteer blood donors in Toronto, were investigated and followed for up to 30 months. The carrier state seems to be largely host-dependent, and its prevalence is modified by ethnic origin, sex, and age. A high prevalence of carriers was found in persons coming from Mediterranean countries and the Orient. The carrier state was 3 times more common in males than in females, and the majority of the carriers were under 30 years of age. Family clustering of HBSAg-positive individuals was observed. All carriers were asymptomatic and only one gave a history of jaundice in the past. Seven gave a history of intravenous drug use. Four had moderate hepatomegaly. Fifty-four had some abnormality in their liver function tests. The SGPT was the most frequently abnormal test and correlated best with the histological findings. Twenty of 29 liver biopsies showed features of chronic benign persisting hepatitis. All patients remained well during the follow-up period. In no patient was there evidence of deterioration or progression in either their clinical state, liver function, or pathological findings. Only 1 of the 115 carriers became HBSAg-negative over the period of observation.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Hepatitis B surface antigen in saliva of HB-SAg carriers.

Two hundred and twelve saliva specimens of HB-SAg carriers were tested for HB-SAg by crossover immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) after concentration, between April 1971 and September 1973. They were divided into 3 groups (A, B, and C). CIEP detected HG-SAg in 6 per cent in Group A (66 specimens) and in 12 percent in Group B (87 specimens), and in 78 per cent in Group C. Different methods of preparation and concentration of saliva specimens were discussed. The positive results by RIA were confirmed by a blocking test with rabbit HB-SAg antiserum. Intermittent presence of HB-SAg in repeated saliva specimens from individual carriers was found. Infected saliva of HB-SAg carriers may be of importance in transmission of hepatitis B infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Hydration of the low birth-weight infant.

Factors relating to water balance in the perinatal and neonatal periods are reviewed. The major areas considered are changes in body water compartments, insensible water loss, and renal function. A most striking feature in all these areas is the wide variation in 'normal' values, both within the same infant with advancing postnatal age and also between infants of the same postnatal age but of different gestational ages. A second feature is the fluctuation caused by changes in environmental conditions, e.g., temperature, humidity, type of warming device, use of phototherapy. Much of the literature on water balance relates to term infants and experimental animals; only for insensible water loss are there studies on infants as small as less than 1000 gm. Because of the developmental changes occurring in these infants, many areas require further study. The last 5 to 10 years have seen marked changes in our approach to the hydration and nutrition of the low birth-weight infant. Despite much experience with new routes and types of fluids and formulas, no method has been shown to be ideal for all situations. In replacing the neonate's ongoing water losses, the clinician strives to maintain normal volume and tonicity of the body fluids, and to prevent clinical and biochemical signs of dehydration or over-hydration. In planning therapy, the clinician is presented with a wide range of possible water requirements, and with a choice of route and type of fluid administration. Each low birth-weight infant must be viewed individually, and once fluid requirements have been estimated, frequent assessment of hydration status is necessary, with appropriately frequent readjustment of the rate of fluid administration.

Adaptation, Physiological↗