Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J C Wright.
Differences in visual scanning by reflective and impulsive children can be detected as young as 3 years of age. Such differences are indicative of differences in information. Such differences emerge rapidly between the ages of 3 and 5 years, and females and reflective males develop faster than impulsive males.
One month prior to breeding, sows were vaccinated with an attenuated pseudorabies virus vaccine or challenged with a field strain of pseudorabies virus. A third group of sows were not vaccinated or challenged before breeding. Pigs from these sows were vaccinated at 3, 6, or 12 weeks of age and challenged with virulent virus three weeks later. One pig from each litter served as an unvaccinated, unchallenged control. Serum neutralization titers of these pigs were monitored from birth until 22 weeks of age. Titers of the sows were monitored through breeding, gestation and farrowing. The maximum prefarrowing anti-pseudorabies virus titer in the field virus challenged sows occurred four weeks following challenge. A significant decline in titers occurred at farrowing. Titers rose from one week postfarrowing and then declined. Titers in the field virus infected sows were consistently two to threefold greater than those of the vaccinated sows. The maximum prefarrowing anti-pseudorabies virus titer in the vaccinated sows occurred six weeks following vaccination. The geometric mean titer in these sow's then decreased and increased for two weeks after farrowing. The results in the pigs can be summarized as follows: Pigs from control sows had a greater serological response following field virus challenge than following vaccination with a modified live virus. Pigs from control sows responded serologically to vaccination at 3, 6 and 12 weeks of age. Pigs from control sows which were challenged at 6, 9 and 15 weeks of age had similar antibody responses. Pigs from vaccinated sows had no increase in titer following vaccination at three and six weeks of age. Titers increased when these pigs were vaccinated at 12 weeks of age. There was no significant increase in mean titers of pigs from challenged sows following vaccination at 3, 6 and 12 weeks of age. Vaccinated pigs from control and vaccinated sows had a secondary response following challenge three weeks after vaccination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cancer is of major concern today because of its high mortality. It is estimated that 66 million people in this country will eventually develop cancer; 1983 estimates were 855,000 new cases and 440,000 deaths from cancer.Because of limitations of surgery and radiation therapy in effecting a cure for cancer, chemotherapy has become increasingly important. The developments in the chemical control of cancer in man are encouraging.This two-part paper covers the historical milestones in the development of the chemical and hormonal control of cancer, present successes with the use of polychemotherapy, and the hopeful trends in research. Part II will be published in a future issue of this journal.
Cancer is of major concern today because of its high mortality. It is estimated that 66 million people in this country will eventually develop cancer; 1983 estimates were 855,000 new cases and 440,000 deaths from cancer.Because of limitations of surgery and radiation therapy in effecting a cure for cancer, chemotherapy has become increasingly important. The developments in the chemical control of cancer in man are encouraging.This two-part paper(*) covers the historical milestones in the development of the chemical and hormonal control of cancer, present successes with the use of polychemotherapy, and the hopeful trend in research.
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A retrospective study of the antibody response to Pasteurella haemolytica was conducted by using sera from 368 feedlot cattle divided among five experiments. In three experiments, live vaccines or a bacterin were administered to some of the cattle and others were left as nonvaccinated controls. In two experiments, cattle were not vaccinated. Clinical signs of disease with subsequent recovery developed in 48.0% of the cattle, and 10.3% of the cattle died. Vaccination had no apparent effect on morbidity or mortality. At the time of purchase, 78% of the cattle had low antibody titers (less than 25) as measured by a quantitative fluorometric immunoassay. In most groups of cattle (both vaccinated and nonvaccinated), there was a significant rise in mean antibody titers between the time of purchase and days 28 to 32 in the feedlot. The antibody titers at the time of shipment and health status of cattle. The antibody ratios were significantly greater for cattle that became sick and then recovered compared with those of cattle that remained healthy. Although significance could not be established, antibody titers at the time of shipment were higher for cattle that remained healthy compared with cattle that became sick and then recovered.
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In this case study, a female patient who had poliomyelitis at 5 years of age complained of ankle pain on weightbearing and when walking. The authors describe the surgical procedure used following two previous unsuccessful attempts to arthrodese the left talocrural joint.
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Pseudorabies is a rarely reported disease of raccoons. Laboratory and field evidence of PRV infection suggests the raccoon is a "dead end" host with little opportunity for raccoon-to-raccoon spread of virus. All reported field cases have been associated closely with infected swine and swine have been considered the source of the raccoon infection. The clinical signs of PRV in raccoons closely resembles those of canine distemper and rabies virus infections. Infection with the latter viruses are considered more prevalent and likely to be mistaken for PRV infection. Both CD and rabies virus may be maintained in raccoon populations with raccoon-to-raccoon transfer while PRV may not. Differentiation of PRV, CD and rabies infections is best achieved by histopathologic analysis of lung and brain tissue, together with virus isolation. It is of utmost public health importance that wildlife authorities recognize the similarities between these diseases, together with the different epidemiologic behavior of the viruses and the means to differentiate clinical cases.
Eighteen Missouri swine herds were serologically monitored to determine the efficiency of two methods for the control of pseudorabies. A serum neutralization test-and-removal procedure was effective in ten of ten herds using this method. Vaccination procedures were less reliable. Virus still circulated in five of eight vaccinated herds and a thorough epidemiological evaluation of herd status was impossible. Titers caused by vaccination could not be distinguished from those by natural infection. Vaccination also was carried out in three seronegative herds. Antipseudorabies virus titers in these herds ranged from negative to 1:16 two to three months postvaccination. A majority of the sows in these herds responded with low 1:2 or 1:4 titers following vaccination. A direct comparison of "test and removal" farms and farms that used vaccination was not possible because of the differences between the two groups of farms.
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In April 1978, an episode of pseudorabies involved swine, sheep, and cattle on a farm in north-central Missouri. The herd of 48 farrowing sows was vaccinated, then separated from the sheep and cattle by double fencing. Within 4 days, death losses in sheep and cattle ceased, indicating that separation by double fencing is an effective means of controlling interspecies virus spread. Monitoring of pseudorabies in sows and their vaccinated offspring was done by serum neutralization testing and virus culturing of pharyngeal swabs for the following 12 months. Pseudorabies virus carriers were in the sow herd 6 months after the initial episode. The serologic response to vaccination of the offspring from immune sows was poor, but pigs segregated from their dams at weaning remained free of detectable infection. It was concluded that segragation at weaning may be useful when expensive breeding lines must be salvaged from an infected herd.
The ontogeny of primary socialization in a litter of 5 German shepherd puppies was investigated using both arena tests and rearing environment (kennel) conditions. Tests for exploratory behavior, conducted at 5 1/2, 8 1/2, and 11 1/2 weeks of age, showed reversals in amount of exploration over the 6-week period. Dominance was also investigated at 5 1/2, 8 1/2, and 11 1/2 weeks, using both a bone-in-pen test and a rearing environment setting. By comparison of the subjects' dominance scores at each age for both settings, evidence was found for the separation of the development of dominance behavior into 2 kinds: competitive and social dominance. The scores for exploratory behavior (stimulus reactivity) and competitive dominance were clearly related: those pups at 5 1/2, 8 1/1, and 11 1/2 weeks that were most exploratory also ranked highest for competitive dominance.
Serum samples were collected from 42 raccoons trapped in a pseudorabies enzootic area of Missouri. All samples were negative for neutralizing antibodies to pseudorabies virus (PRV). Raccoons were orally exposed with one of four dose levels of PRV. The raccoons were found to be susceptible to moderately large doses of PRV tissue culture infective dose (10(4) - 10(5) TCID50). All raccoons given 10(3) TCID50 of PRV survived and did not develop clinical signs. The PRV was consistently isolated from tonsillar swabs collected from raccoons that died after exposure. The PRV was also isolated from the brain, tonsils, lungs, and salivary glands of raccoons that died. It was isolated from samples of the brain and tonsils collected from a raccoon 5 days after death. Neutralizing antibodies to PRV could not be detected in the serum of raccoons that survived PRV exposure. Tonsillar swabs and tissue samples collected from these raccoons were free of PRV. The results indicated that the raccoon may serve as a short-term reservoir for PRV, but it is unlikely to have an ipizootiologic role as a long-term, subclinical carrier of the virus.