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Biomedical subjects

J Cairney

Publications and source records attributed to J Cairney.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Proline uptake through the major transport system of Salmonella typhimurium is coupled to sodium ions.

Strains of Salmonella typhimurium deficient in one or more of the proline transport systems have been constructed and used to study the mechanism of energy coupling to transport. Proline uptake through the major proline permease (PP-I, putP) is shown to be absolutely coupled to Na+ ions and not to H+ ions as has previously been assumed. Transport through the minor proline permease (PP-II, proP), however, is unaffected by the presence or absence of Na+. The effect of Na+ on the kinetics of proline uptake shows that external Na+ increases the Vmax for transport. It seems probable that proline transport through PP-I is also coupled to Na+ ions in Escherichia coli.

Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Time since immigration and excess body weight.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between time since immigration and excess body weight. METHODS: Secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey of 19,600 Canadians. RESULTS: The prevalence of excess weight (BMI > 25) increases with time since immigration for both men and women. After controlling for birthplace, socio-demographic, lifestyle and health correlates, only female immigrants (less than five years) are significantly less likely to have BMI scores greater than 25 kg/m2 compared to those born in Canada. Stratified analyses, however, revealed similar findings for Asian men who had immigrated less than five years prior to the survey. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that length of time since immigration is an important risk factor for excess weight. Further research with longitudinal data, more reliable measures of ethnicity and anthropometric measures of weight are required to confirm these initial findings.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

12-month prevalence of depression among single and married mothers in the 1994 National Population Health Survey.

While a number of studies have documented higher period prevalence rates of depression among single as compared to married mothers, all of the data have been based upon community surveys of mental illness. In Canada, all of the published work comes from Ontario. As a result, we do not know whether these results hold true for other regions of the country. Using a nationally representative sample, we find, consistent with previous work, that single mothers have almost double the 12-month prevalence rates of married mothers (15.4% versus 6.8%). As well, there are no significant differences in rates of depression between single and married mothers by region/province of the country. Our findings are compared with other epidemiologic data on the mental health of single mothers from Ontario.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of sociodemographics, social stressors, health status and psychosocial resources on the age-depression relationship.

This study examines how an extensive set of covariates identified in previous research--sociodemographics, social stressors, health status and psychosocial resources--influence the age-depression relationship. The analyses were based on data collected for the 1994 National Population Health Survey (N = 16,291) by Statistics Canada. Analyses were conducted using OLS regression for generalized distress and logistic regression for major depressive episode. The relationship between age and both outcomes was linear and negative after controlling for sociodemographics. Controlling for social stress reduced levels of depression among younger cohorts while controlling for poor health status reduced levels of depression among the elderly. Controlling for psychosocial resources generally reduced the level of depression among older cohorts, however, the results were mixed across outcomes. The inclusion of all covariates appears to negate the effects of one another in that the fully adjusted relationships between age and depression across both outcomes were not significantly different from their bivariate relationships.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlates of dysphoria in Canadian seniors: the Canadian Study of Health and Aging.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the correlates of dysphoria in elderly Canadians. METHOD: Randomly sampled elderly underwent screening in 1992 (CSHA-1) and in 1997 (CSHA-2). Community-living subjects without dementia at CSHA-1 were re-interviewed at CSHA-2 (n = 5234). A score < 53 on the mental health component of the Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire (SF-36) was used to measure dysphoria. Sociodemographic, functional, social support, disease and lifestyle correlates of dysphoria were examined. RESULTS: 4.76% of men, and 8.59% of women were classified as dysphoric. The occurrence declined with age. In multivariate analyses, chronic pain, poor self-rated health, functional dependency and, in men only, being married, were significantly related to dysphoria. Perceived social support remained significant after controlling for sociodemographic, functional and disease variables. CONCLUSION: Dysphoria is common among the elderly, especially elderly women. Given the interrelationships and number of correlates of dysphoria, elderly Canadians require broad programs promoting health and social support as well as functional and economic independence.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social class, health and aging: socioeconomic determinants of self-reported morbidity among the noninstitutionalized elderly in Canada.

Despite the vast amount of literature on the relationship between social class and health, little work has been done on postretirement populations. Using the 1991 General Social Survey, a sample of respondents (N = 1,943) aged 65 to 99 were selected for analysis. Three social class variables, income adequacy, education and occupation, were used along with several lifestyle variables and demographic controls to predict six different measures of health status. The findings supported a "condition-specific" approach to the study of class differences in morbidity. Income adequacy was the most consistent class predictor of these health measures in this sample. As well, 'risky' lifestyle variables were used to test the hypothesis that such factors may mediate the relationship between class and health. This hypothesis was not well supported in these data.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Age and depression in a nationally representative sample of Canadians: a preliminary look at the National Population Health Survey.

There are considerable inconsistencies in the literature concerning the relationship between age and depression. Recently, however, two independent studies in the U.S. have shown that the distribution is U-shaped with the lowest reported levels of depression at ages 45-49. Three reasons for past inconsistencies are identified and addressed using the 1994 National Population Health Survey by Statistics Canada. Using both a distress scale and a diagnostic measure, a substantially different relationship was found. The prevalence of distress decreased steadily with age until about 65, with only a slight increase afterwards for both males and females. After the introduction of several sociodemographic covariates, however, this relationship was clearly negative. These findings are discussed in terms of future research questions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Socioeconomic position. Lifestyle and health among Canadians aged 18 to 64: a multi-condition approach.

Although a sizeable literature documents the link between socioeconomic position and health in Britain and the United States, much less work has been conducted in Canada. Moreover, what work has been done has been limited to single outcomes such as self-rated health or age-adjusted mortality. Very little has been conducted using multiple health outcomes, although doing so has been advocated. Using the 1991 General Social Survey on Health, we extended an earlier analysis to explore whether or not "condition-specific" relationships exist between socioeconomic position, lifestyle, and health among working age Canadians. We distinguished four patterns in terms of education and income adequacy. The effects of occupation did not fit into any simple pattern. Measures of lifestyle appear to mediate the relationship between education and morbidity, but not between income adequacy and morbidity. Findings are discussed in terms of the theoretical, methodological and policy implications of a condition-specific approach.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reducing economic disparity to achieve better health: modelling the effect of adjustments to income adequacy on self-reported morbidity among the elderly in Canada.

Class differentials in health have been documented extensively in the sociological literature of the past two decades. Although sociologists have been concerned with analyzing the relationship between social class and health, less attention has been paid to modelling the effects of minimizing social disparities on health outcomes. From a sub-sample (N = 1,943) of elderly respondents aged 65 and over, four logistic regression equations where income adequacy was shown to be correlated with morbidity were selected. By adjusting the scores on the income adequacy variable, we were able to model the effect of shifting individuals from lower to higher income groups. The most dramatic results were obtained after all respondents were shifted into the highest income adequacy classification. A more realistic hypothetical model, the transfer of individuals from the lowest income group to the next category, produced the least attractive reduction in morbidity. Obviously, income adjustment alone is insufficient. Findings are discussed in terms of interventions to prevent economic disparity in old age.

Aged↗