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Biomedical subjects

J Calhoun

Publications and source records attributed to J Calhoun.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Oral ciprofloxacin compared with standard parenteral antibiotic therapy for chronic osteomyelitis in adults.

A group of fourteen patients who had chronic osteomyelitis and were treated with oral ciprofloxacin was compared with a group of twelve patients of similar age who had chronic osteomyelitis and received standard parenteral antibiotic therapy consisting of nafcillin, clindamycin, and gentamicin, singly or in combination. The osteomyelitis was arrested at the end of therapy and on follow-up examination of eleven patients in the first group and ten in the second group. The average duration of antibiotic therapy (thirty-eight days) and follow-up (approximately thirty months) were about the same for both groups. Oral administration of ciprofloxacin was as effective and safe as parenteral therapy for the treatment of osteomyelitis in these adults.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Randomized, prospective double-blind trial of metoclopramide and placebo for gastroesophageal reflux in infants.

The effect of metoclopramide on gastroesophageal reflux was studied in 30 infants less than 1 year of age. Gastroesophageal reflux was documented in all infants by extended pH monitoring before enrollment in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive metoclopramide 0.1 mg/kg or placebo four times a day, 1/2 hour before feeding for 1 week, followed by the alternate regimen for 1 week. The infants were reevaluated with extended pH monitoring and scintigraphy after 4 to 7 days of each treatment. A symptom score was derived by determining the average number of occurrences of all symptoms recorded daily by parents on a symptom checklist during pretreatment, placebo, and metoclopramide treatment periods. There was a difference between pretreatment evaluation and placebo periods with respect to daily symptom scores (p less than 0.005), reflecting a significant placebo response. However, no difference in scintigraphic study was found between placebo and metoclopramide periods. A significant difference between placebo and metoclopramide periods was noted in the percentage of time esophageal pH was less than 4.0 (p less than 0.001). However, although metoclopramide decreased the proportion of time esophageal pH was less than 4.0, pH remained less than 4.0 for more than 5% of the time in most patients. Substratification of the total group into infants younger and older than 3 months revealed that older infants had greater average daily weight gain during the metoclopramide treatment period (34.3 gm/day) than in the placebo treatment period (6.6 gm/day, p = 0.05). We conclude that metoclopramide in the dosage 0.1 mg/kg four times daily reduces reflux in infants and may be useful for infants with poor weight gain and other serious complications of gastroesophageal reflux.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1989

Bacterial osteomyelitis. Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Mechanistically, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) appears useful for the treatment of osteomyelitis. HBO increases the oxygen tension in infected tissue, including bone. An adequate oxygen tension is necessary for oxygen-dependent killing of organisms by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and for fibroblast activity leading to angiogenesis and wound healing. In addition, HBO augments the killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the aminoglycoside tobramycin. At the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston, adjunctive HBO is used for Cierny-Mader stage 3B and 4B osteomyelitis.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1989

Mycobacterium marinum flexor tenosynovitis.

Four culture-positive cases of flexor tenosynovitis of the hand caused by Mycobacterium marinum are reported. The organisms were cultured at 32 degrees. All patients were treated with a combination of flexor tenosynovectomy and antimycobacterial treatment with ethambutol and rifampin. The length of antimycobacterial treatment ranged from nine to 22 months. All four patients responded to treatment with cessation of signs of infection, increased range of motion, and complete wound healing.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The effect of implant axial and torsional stiffness on fracture healing.

A study was performed to compare the mechanical properties of healing transverse femoral osteotomies fixed with either (a) plates of high or low axial stiffness (compression or slotted plates) but equivalent bending and torsional stiffnesses, or (b) rods of high or low torsional stiffness (solid or slotted rods) but equivalent bending and axial stiffnesses. Compression and slotted plates were implanted contralaterally in one group of adult mongrel dogs and solid or slotted rods were implanted contralaterally in a second group as fixation for transverse osteotomies. We found that the compression-plated femora regained strength and stiffness earlier than the slotted-plated femora and healed with less callus formation. The femora fixed with rods healed with no significant differences in properties at any time interval. Also, the femora fixed with rods had mechanical properties close to those of the slotted-plated femora and lower than those of the compression-plated femora at the same time intervals. We concluded that contact compression caused the differences in the healing results and was more important than differences in torsional or axial rigidity of the implant.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Tumoral calcinosis: a case report and review of the literature.

Tumoral calcinosis rarely occurs in the hand. It is an uncommon familial disease suggesting an autosomal recessive gene pattern, often with laboratory findings of hyperphosphatemia and normocalcemia. Our patient had bilateral hand involvement, including local calcinosis cutis of the skin and bone changes not previously reported in the literature. At a 2-year follow-up after two lesions were excised from her left hand, one lesion had completely resolved and the other recurred. Two large symptomatic lesions and one area of local calcinosis cutis in her right hand have recently been excised.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The Personal Reactions Inventory: a scale to measure depressive attributions.

Assessed reliability and validity for an instrument that was designed to assess depressiform cognitions. Following the model proposed by Abramson et al. (1978) the scale was developed in order to evaluate attributions of internal vs. external responsibility, situational specificity or generality, and temporal stability or instability. Because the model also proposes that one's attributions vary as a function of the positive or negative consequences that occur in a situation, the scale varied the type of consequence to which a cause was being attributed. Initial item validation was undertaken with a sample of 17 graduate students and faculty members who rated the response alternatives. Subsequent internal validity, reliability, and convergent validity were assessed on 184 undergraduate students. The results suggest that the scale is promising for the assessment of depressiform attributions. However, a strong sex effect also was noted in some of the characteristics of attribution and suggests the need to evaluate sexual-cultural differences in attributional processes associated with depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Dermoid cysts in children.

A retrospective study of dermoid cysts in children over the past 13 years at St. Christopher's Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, showed that 37% of the dermoids in the body occurred in the orbital and peri-orbital areas. An unusually high percentage of these occurred in the left eyebrow which appears to be the most frequent location for dermoid cysts in children. Dermoid cysts are a very common lesion encountered by ophthalmologists inasmuch as 3.3% of all ophthalmic surgical procedures in children were performed for dermoids. All 231 cases in this series were benign. The manner and time of presentation of these lesions are discussed as well as the treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Deep orbital dermoid with draining sinus.

A dermoid cyst in a 6-year-old girl, deep within the orbit, extended from the apex, through the lateral wall, via a fistulous tract to the skin, forming a draining sinus. Both the deep location and the cutaneous drainage of the cyst are rare presentations of this tumor. We used a Krönlein orbitotomy to successfully remove the tumor without loss of vision.

Abscess↗
PubMed1975

Corneal clouding with increased acid mucopolysaccharide accumulation in Bowman's membrane.

Two infants had bilateral congenital corneal clouding and abnormal acid mucopolysaccharide accumulation in a thickened Bowman's membrane. This unusual entity was not associated with acid mucopolysaccharide deposits in the skin and visceral tissues or with increased levels of acid mucopolysaccharide in the urine. The similarity and differences have been compared to the systemic mucopolysaccharidosis and macular corneal dystrophy.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple sexually transmitted diseases.

There are at least 16 possible sexually transmitted diseases, and it is not uncommon to find patients suffering from two or more sexually transmitted infections or infestations. Case histories of two men, one with gonorrhea, scabies, and pediculosis pubis, the other with syphilis and scabies, illustrate this point. It is to be emphasized that when one venereal disease is found, the clinician should look for another.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Simultaneous surgery for bilateral congenital cataracts.

In about one third of patients congenital cataracts are bilateral. If the cataracts are dense, and the patient an infant, bilateral simultaneous cataract removal reduces anesthetic risk, hospital stay, and cost and allows earlier optical correction. This study represents a retrospective survey of 32 eyes (16 cases) with simultaneous surgery for bilateral congenital cataracts. Bilateral simultaneous surgery can be performed to avoid a second general anesthesia in infants who have bilateral dense congenital cataracts.

Anesthetics↗