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Biomedical subjects

J Camilleri

Publications and source records attributed to J Camilleri.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Mineral trioxide aggregate: a review of the constituents and biological properties of the material.

This paper reviews the literature on the constituents and biocompatibility of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). A Medline search was conducted. The first publication on the material was in November 1993. The Medline search identified 206 papers published from November 1993 to August 2005. Specific searches on constituents and biocompatibility of mineral trioxide aggregate, however, yielded few publications. Initially all abstracts were read to identify which fitted one of the two categories required for this review, constituents or biocompatibility. Based on this assessment and a review of the papers, 13 were included in the constituent category and 53 in the biocompatibility category. Relatively few articles addressed the constituents of MTA, whilst cytological evaluation was the most widely used biocompatibility test.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed2005

The chemical constitution and biocompatibility of accelerated Portland cement for endodontic use.

AIM: To evaluate the biocompatibility of mineral trioxide aggregate and accelerated Portland cement and their eluants by assessing cell metabolic function and proliferation. METHODOLOGY: The chemical constitution of grey and white Portland cement, grey and white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and accelerated Portland cement produced by excluding gypsum from the manufacturing process (Aalborg White) was determined using both energy dispersive analysis with X-ray and X-ray diffraction analysis. Biocompatibility of the materials was assessed using a direct test method where cell proliferation was measured quantitatively using Alamar Blue dye and an indirect test method where cells were grown on material elutions and cell proliferation was assessed using methyltetrazolium assay as recommended by the International standard guidelines, ISO 10993-Part 5 for in vitro testing. RESULTS: The chemical constitution of all the materials tested was similar. Indirect studies of the eluants showed an increase in cell activity after 24 h compared with the control in culture medium (P<0.05). Direct cell contact with the cements resulted in a fall in cell viability for all time points studied (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Biocompatibility testing of the cement eluants showed the presence of no toxic leachables from the grey or white MTA, and that the addition of bismuth oxide to the accelerated Portland cement did not interfere with biocompatibility. The new accelerated Portland cement showed similar results. Cell growth was poor when seeded in direct contact with the test cements. However, the elution made up of calcium hydroxide produced during the hydration reaction was shown to induce cell proliferation.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed2004

Biocompatibility of two commercial forms of mineral trioxide aggregate.

AIM: To examine the biocompatibility of two commercial forms of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), by evaluating the morphology of an established cell line. METHODOLOGY: The two cements were cast on glass cover slips and cured for 1 or 28 days. Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells were trypsinized and seeded at a density of 1 x 10(5) cells and were then placed in medium over the material-coated coverslips for 1, 5 and 7 days. After these time intervals the media were discarded and the cells fixed. Cell morphological investigation was performed by scanning electron microscopy at various magnifications ranging from x 250 to x 500. The biocompatibility of cement constituents, alusilicate flux and bismuth oxide was also investigated. RESULTS: All cement samples cured for 1 day showed a confluent cell monolayer after 5 and 7 days. The response to both materials was similar. Materials cured for 28 days showed incomplete cell confluence after 1 and 5 days. Alusilicate flux and bismuth oxide did not demonstrate biocompatibility. CONCLUSIONS: The 1-day cured samples of two commercial forms of MTA showed good biocompatibility. However, the 28-day cured samples were less biocompatible after 1 and 5 days.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed2003

The use of a new overlay mattress in patients with chronic pain: impact on sleep and self-reported pain.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of an air flotation mattress overlay in patients with chronic pain. DESIGN: Four-week prospective AB design. SETTING: The mattress overlay was used in a community setting. SUBJECTS: Adult patients attending an outpatients clinic in a department of rheumatology, with chronic pain plus sleep problems, or pain sufficient to disturb sleep. INTERVENTIONS: An inexpensive low-pressure inflatable mattress overlay (Repose), which is readily portable and has no electrical supply, was introduced to the patients. They were encouraged to use the support surface every night. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was measured by self-reported changes in sleep quantity and frequency of sleep disturbance. Secondary outcomes were self-reported changes in pain and use of analgesia, verified by medical notes. RESULTS: Nineteen female patients (mean age 61 years) completed the study. At baseline, mean length of sleep time was 3.8 h, with mean of 4.9 interruptions of mean 25.3 min: week 4, mean sleep time = 6.4 h, with a mean of 2.3 interruptions for mean 14.2 min (all measures p < 0.001). At baseline, median pain during the day was 6 and at night-time was 7; by week 4 a reduction in pain was reported both for the day (median = 5) and the night (median = 5) (both p < 0.001). Thirteen patients reported a reduction in the use of analgesia during the study. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study of a new mattress overlay, statistically significant improvements in sleep and pain were noted over a four-week period.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Analysis of T cell receptor V alpha polymorphisms in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To test for association of T cell receptor (TCR) V alpha polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in British and Swiss white populations. METHODS: TCRAV polymorphisms were analysed in RA patients and controls by single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Associations were sought between defined genotypes and RA, and the effect of HLA-DR4 status analysed. Putative associations were then retested further in new groups of patients and controls. Overall, 360 RA patients and 197 controls were studied. RESULTS: No association between TCRAV5S1, V6S1, V8S1, V17S1 or V21S1 polymorphisms and RA were observed in the initial population screened. Stratification for DR4 status showed an increase of V5S1*01/*01 in DR4 positive versus DR4 negative patients (chi 2 = 7.19, p = 0.028 (2df), p = 0.14 after correction for multiple comparisons). This putative association was tested in three further patient groups, none of which showed significant increase of V5S1*01/*01 in DR4 positive patients, although an overall trend towards an increase in V5S1*01/*01 was observed. CONCLUSION: No evidence was found for a strong association of TCRAV genes and RA in a white population. However, these results suggest a weak association of V5S1*01/*01 with DR4 positive RA, although this requires confirmation using larger groups of patients and controls.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1990

Maintenance intravesical bacillus calmette-guerin for superficial transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. A retrospective study.

Eighteen patients with recurrent and/or multifocal superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder who were rendered tumor-free by transurethral resection and were then treated with either a single or second six-week course of induction Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy, followed by maintenance therapy, were retrospectively reviewed. A 73 percent complete response rate was achieved in those patients treated prophylactically, while a 70 percent complete response rate was observed in patients treated for carcinoma in situ (CIS) with an average follow-up of twenty-nine months. Maintenance therapy may be warranted in those patients able to tolerate it without significant side effects.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1990

Alterations in influenza A virus specific immune injury in mice anesthetized with halothane or ketamine.

CD-1 mice infected with a sublethal dose of influenza A virus were anesthetized for 2 h with halothane. These mice were compared to a control group which was similarly infected using ketamine sedation. Mice anesthetized with halothane showed less physical signs of illness and demonstrated less lung histopathology than the control group of mice. Virus titers were reduced in the group of animals exposed to halothane 12 h after infection, but were the same as the infected controls at all other times measured (1-12 days after infection). Morphometric analysis of lung tissue demonstrated a delayed appearance of both neutrophils and monocytes in the halothane-exposed mice. These results suggest that the halogenated volatile anesthetic halothane decreases the pulmonary pathogenesis of influenza A virus by altering the recruitment of immunological effector cells during the course of the infection.

Animals↗