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Biomedical subjects

J Carr

Publications and source records attributed to J Carr.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Reduction in the length of the intravesical ureter associated with pyelonephritis in the adult pig.

The ureterovesical junction of pigs with cystitis and pyelonephritis was examined. There was significant shortening of the intravesical portion of the ureter in sows with pyelonephritis. In cases associated with acute pyelonephritis the ureteric orifice was found to be significantly wider than that found in the normal population. The ratio of the intravesical length to the ureteric orifice diameter was also significantly reduced. It is postulated that these changes to the ureterovesical junction originate or are caused by the disease processes in the bladder and may allow vesicoureteric reflux to occur, leading to ascending pyelonephritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A holistic approach to vaso-occlusive pain crisis in children with sickle cell disease.

A significant number of children with sickle cell disease suffer from episodes of acute recurrent vaso-occlusive pain crisis. Unfortunately, very limited published information is available about specific pain management practices used for these patients. There is even less information available on the use of an interdisciplinary approach for management of sickle cell crisis pain. The purpose of this article is to review the genetic cellular pathophysiology, the sickling process, vaso-occlusive crisis, and management of pain associated with sickle cell disease in children. The article further examines an interdisciplinary approach for the management of vaso-occlusive pain crisis.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1991

Use of non-orthodox and conventional health care in Great Britain.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of patients using non-orthodox health care and their pattern of use of conventional health care with respect to a particular problem. DESIGN: Postal survey of all 2152 practitioners of acupuncture, chiropractic, homeopathy, naturopathy, and osteopathy identified from 11 national professional association registers. Patients attending a representative sample of 101 responding practitioners completed questionnaires covering demographic characteristics, presenting problems, and use of the health service. SETTING: Practices of practitioners of non-orthodox health care in England, Scotland, and Wales. SUBJECTS: Qualified, non-medical practitioners of non-orthodox health care working in Great Britain and 2473 patients who had attended one of the sampled practitioners in an allocated time period between August 1987 and July 1988. RESULTS: An estimated 1909 practitioners were actively practising one of the study treatments in Great Britain in 1987. Of the estimated 70,600 patients seen by this group of practitioners in an average week, most (78%) were attending with a musculoskeletal problem. Two thirds of the patients were women. Only 2% were aged under 16, but 15% were aged 65 or over. One in three patients had not received previous conventional care for their main problem; 18% were receiving concurrent non-orthodox and conventional care. Twenty two per cent of the patients reported having seen their general practitioner for any reason in the two weeks before the surveyed consultation. CONCLUSIONS: Patients of non-orthodox health care, as provided by this group of practitioners, had not turned their backs on conventional health care. Non-orthodox treatment was sought for a limited range of problems and used most frequently as a supplement to orthodox medicine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The pattern of care in families of adults with a mental handicap: a comparison between families of autistic adults and Down syndrome adults.

The pattern of care in 39 families with a mentally handicapped adult member, 20 with Down syndrome, 19 with autism, was studied. There were no significant differences between the mothers, the fathers, or the siblings of Down syndrome and autistic adults in the amount of help offered with physical care, domestic tasks, and supervision duties. However, the brunt of caring fell upon the mothers, with fathers helping mainly with supervision rather than physical care or domestic tasks. Siblings offered less help than fathers. The autistic subjects exhibited significantly more behavior problems. Methods of coping with problems differed: Parents of autistic adults were more likely to "give in" and less likely to tell the handicapped person to stop than parents of Down syndrome adults.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

Age and health perceptions among elderly blacks.

1. By the year 2000, minority group members will comprise 20% of the total elderly population. Three million blacks will be 65 years or older by that time. 2. Many health-care providers have limited knowledge, experience, or understanding of the minority perspective as it relates to those decisions that influence the health and illness behaviors of this underserved group. 3. A person's self-perception of his physical and mental abilities, as well as his own health status, will influence his willingness to seek and accept help. 4. Interacting with the black elderly about age and health perceptions can allow nurses to demonstrate personal interest, obtain pertinent health-related data, and gain insights into the coping strategies that these individuals have successfully used for long periods.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1990

Facial myokymia in syringobulbia.

A patient with a 2-year history of progressive ataxia and tingling in the right hand had prominent facial myokymia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed syringomyelia and syringobulbia. After successful syringosubarachnoid shunting, the patient died of massive pulmonary embolism. Postmortem examination revealed a syrinx involving the spinal cord and lower half of the medulla; neither the facial nucleus nor facial nerve fibers were directly involved. We hypothesize that interruption of aberrant corticobulbar fibers in the medulla produced disinhibition of a rhythmic neural generator in the facial nucleus.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

HTLV-I viral-associated myelopathy after blood transfusion in a multiple trauma patient.

This may be the first documented case in the United States and in the orthopedic literature of transfusion-transmitted human T-cell leukemia virus Type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy (HAM). Progressive myelopathy occurred in a 58-year-old white man with serologic and molecular evidence of HTLV-I infection after multiple trauma and subsequent transfusion with multiple units of banked blood products. Symptoms of myelopathy occurred 15 months after the transfusions. Myelopathy from HTLV-I infection simulates a disorder of orthopedic interest. Physicians should be aware of the symptoms of HAM and unexplained myelopathy.

HTLV-I Antibodies↗
PubMed1989

Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in fish cells: differential metabolism of (n-3) and (n-6) series acids by cultured cells originating from a freshwater teleost fish and from a marine teleost fish.

1. The incorporation and metabolism of (n-3) and (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplemented to growing cultures were studied in rainbow trout (RTG-2) and turbot (TF) cell lines. 2. A fatty acid concentration of 20 microM considerably altered the fatty acid composition of the cells without affecting lipid class composition or the appearance of cytoplasmic lipid droplets. 3. Both cell lines exhibited considerable delta 6 desaturase activities. 4. Whereas delta 5 desaturase activity was expressed in RTG-2 cells, delta 4 desaturase activity was absent and, conversely, delta 4 desaturase activity was expressed in TF cells, but there was an apparent deficiency in the C18 to C20 elongase multi-enzyme complex. 5. The delta 6 desaturase activity in both cell lines showed little preference between 18:2(n-6) and 18:3(n-3) but the delta 5 desaturase activity of RTG-2 cells and the delta 4 desaturase activity of TF cells showed a preference for (n-3)PUFA. 6. Two fish oil concentrates were assessed for their ability to generate fatty acid compositions in the cell lines more closely resembling those of intact fish tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Changing patterns of suicide in Australia.

This paper examines the suicide trends in Australia from a sociological perspective using a selected number of sociological variables. Our aim is not to minimize the importance of psychogenic factors in suicide but to highlight its sociological aspects. The analysis of suicide trends shows that the overall suicide rate in Australia has remained fairly stable over the past one hundred years. This outward stability, however, camouflages some important internal changes in the suicide trends in Australian society. The paper examines some of these trends and provides a profile of some of the possible sociological factors which appear to have influenced the suicide rates of men and women in Australian society between 1880 and 1985.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The handwriting of children with spina bifida.

As part of the Greater London Council (GLC) Spina Bifida Survey the handwriting of 131 11-year-olds with spina bifida and 56 controls was examined. The children copied the sentence "The dog sits in his box" in the course of an extensive battery of intelligence and attainment tests. Writing speed formed one scoring dimension and nine further categories were devised in collaboration with a handwriting consultant. All but one of these ten dimensions consistently discriminated between the spina bifida children and the controls, and between the spina bifida children divided according to such variables as IQ, school type, degree of disability, reading scores and presence or absence of a valve. In every case the differences were in the predicted direction, with the handwriting scores of the brighter, less damaged children, and those attending ordinary schools being higher. These findings are consistent with those obtained by other researchers and reflect an educational disadvantage in that the children with spina bifida had handwriting which was slow, with the letters being poorly formed and the words poorly spaced.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Six weeks to twenty-one years old: a longitudinal study of children with Down's syndrome and their families. Third Jack Tizard memorial lecture.

A cohort of children with Down's syndrome, and their families, have been seen at intervals from six weeks old. Some follow-up data to 21 yrs are reported here. Until 21 yrs when one mother withdrew her son there have been no losses to the study apart from those caused by death. Mean IQs rose slightly from 11 to 21; scores on language and academic tests favoured the home-reared, females, and middle-class young people even when IQ was allowed for. Some of the effects on the family of having a handicapped member were explored; although adverse effects are fewer than might have been expected many parents, especially mothers, carry significant burdens.

Achievement↗
PubMed1988

The insulin-like growth factor I content in human milk increases between early and full lactation.

The concentration of immunoreactive insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in human mammary secretions, assayed after acid-ethanol extraction, was high [mean, 4.1 +/- 0.5 (+/- SE) nmol/L; n = 13] for several weeks prepartum. It then decreased during the first 3 days postpartum to 1.3 +/- 0.1 nmol/L (n = 28), in parallel with changes in epidermal growth factor (EGF) and protein concentrations. However, between the first and sixth weeks postpartum, the IGF-I concentration increased to 2.5 +/- 0.2 nmol/L (n = 18), while levels of EGF and protein decreased further. Given that the volume of milk produced increases during this period, the total IGF-I output rose by up to 4-fold, while EGF output remained constant. The increase in IGF-I and decrease in EGF in milk suggest that different regulatory mechanisms control the output of different growth factors by the mammary gland.

Epidermal Growth Factor↗