PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Carranza

Publications and source records attributed to J Carranza.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Phylogeography of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) populations: the effects of historical genetic subdivisions and recent nonequilibrium dynamics.

We sequenced 704 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region nucleotides and genotyped 11 autosomal microsatellites (STR) in 617 European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) samples, aiming to infer the species' phylogeographical structure. The mtDNA sequences were split in three distinct haplogroups, respectively, named: Clade West, sampled mainly in Iberia; Clade East, sampled mainly in Greece and in the Balkans; and Clade Central, which was widespread throughout Europe, including the eastern countries and Iberia, but not Greece. These clades might have originated in distinct Iberian and Balkanic refuges during the penultimate or the last glaciations. Clades East and West contributed little to the current postglacial mtDNA diversity in central Europe, which apparently was recolonized mainly by haplotypes belonging to Clade Central. A unique subclade within Clade Central grouped all the haplotypes sampled from populations of the Italian subspecies C. c. italicus. In contrast, haplotypes sampled in central and southern Spain joined both Clade Central and Clade West, suggesting that subspecies C. c. garganta has admixed origin. STR data support a genetic distinction of peripheral populations in north Iberia and southern Italy, and show the effects of anthropogenic disturbance in fragmented populations, which were recently reintroduced or restocked and not may be in mutation-drift equilibrium. Roe deer in central Europe are mainly admixed, while peripheral populations in north Portugal, the southern Italian Apennines and Greece represent the remains of refugial populations and should be managed accordingly.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Candesartan cilexetil is not associated with cough in hypertensive patients with enalapril-induced cough. Multicentre Cough Study Group.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of dry cough during treatment with candesartan cilexetil, enalapril, or placebo in patients with hypertension and a history of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitor-related cough. Patients with confirmed cough during an enalapril (10 mg) challenge period, followed by no cough during a placebo dechallenge period were randomized to 8 weeks of double-blind treatment with candesartan cilexetil (8 mg) (n = 62), enalapril (10 mg) (n = 66), or placebo (n = 26). Incidence and severity of dry cough was evaluated by the symptom assessment questionnaire, frequency of dry cough by a visual analog scale, and the possible impact on quality of life by the minor symptom evaluation (MSE) profile. The percentage of patients with cough was significantly lower with candesartan cilexetil (35.5%) than with enalapril (68.2%, P < .001), and did not differ between candesartan cilexetil and placebo (26.9%, P > .20). Patients coughed less frequently and with less severe cough with candesartan cilexetil than with enalapril, and similarly with candesartan cilexetil and placebo. Changes in the MSE profile were minor, although candesartan cilexetil had better scores for contentment than placebo (P = .03), and also tended to be associated with better sleep than enalapril (P = .08). In hypertensive patients with ACE-inhibitor-induced cough, the incidence, frequency, and severity of dry cough was significantly lower with candesartan cilexetil than with enalapril, and no different from that found with placebo.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Sex allocation in a polygynous mammal with large litters: the wild boar.

Predictions from Trivers & Willard's (1973, Science, 179, 90-92) hypothesis of sex-biased maternal investment in polygynous species do not apply well to species where mothers produce more than one offspring per reproductive attempt. First, as litter size increases, the benefits to the mother of adjusting sex ratio decrease because (1) she could benefit more by adjusting litter size and (2) sex differences in reproductive potential are negatively related to litter size. Second, testing sex-biased investment in these species requires predictions about the simultaneous adjustment of sex ratio and litter size. The wild boar, Sus scrofa, although polygynous, produces large litters. Here we present data for 58 litters from a free-ranging wild boar population in central Spain. Maternal expenditure per individual offspring, as measured by piglet weight, was higher for male than female fetuses. In more than 81% of cases the heaviest fetus in the litter was a male regardless of the quality of the mother; this might have influenced his ranking within the 'teat order' and consequently his development and survival. Mother quality (size and weight) appeared to be related to litter size but not to the sex ratio of the litter. However, it was highly related to a variable that combined the effects of litter size and sex ratio within the litter, thus supporting Williams' (1979, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 205, 567-580) hypothesis that mothers should adjust both litter size and offspring sex. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

The role of bright plumage in male-male interactions in the ring-necked pheasant

The brightness and colour of birds' plumages have been considered sexually selected traits, indicating health, condition or parasite resistance. However, recent studies with pheasants, Phasianus colchicussuggest they are not signals used by females in mate choice. Instead, males might rely on plumage when assessing the quality of competitors. In this study, bright and experimentally dulled males were presented to a group of captive male pheasants to determine the response to differences in plumage brightness of the intruder. Males in the group directed more aggression to the experimentally dulled males than they did to any other males. This may be partly because they considered the dull males as novel males. When the bright and the dull males were both unknown, both still received more aggression than the average for any individual in the group, but dull males were attacked by more males. Bright males were attacked more by the dominants and dull males by the subordinates. The results show that plumage brightness may affect individual recognition, but also that it is used by males to assess the quality of competitors. Male-male interactions, therefore, may have played a role in the evolution of plumage brightness, either in the context of competition for mates or for resources when males gather into unisexual groups.Copyright 1997 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour1997The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

[Pathogenicity of Phylloporia chrysita (Aphyllophorales: Hymenochaetaceae) on Erythrochiton gymnanthus (Rutaceae)].

The pathogenicity of Phylloporia chrysita (Berk.) Ryv. on Erythrochiton gymnanthus K. (Rutaceae) was studied in Carara Biological Reserve, seasonal Pacific of Costa Rica. Growth rate and distribution of basidiocarps were determined on health and diseased plants. P. chrysita caused 52% growth reduction on diseased plants. Fungal hyphae were observed on epidermis, parenchyma and vascular tissue, where they caused cellular breakdown.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical demonstration of Mycoplasma gallinarum and Mycoplasma gallinaceum in naturally infected hen oviducts.

Using indirect immunoperoxidase (IIP), peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) and avidin biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) immunohistochemical methods, Mycoplasma gallinarum and M gallinaceum antigens were demonstrated in ethanol-fixed paraffin-embedded oviduct sections from hens the eggs from which showed suboptimal hatchability. Specific immunoperoxidase staining was detected at the mucosa in the magnum portion of the oviduct. Optimal staining was achieved by applying the ABC method, though both IIP and PAP methods can also be used for diagnosis. Isolation and identification techniques gave similar results for the species of avian mycoplasmas involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Immunohistological identification of both infectious bursal and Marek virus antigens in the bursa of Fabricius.

Indirect Immunoperoxidase (IIP) and Avidin Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (ABC) techniques were used for the detection of Infectious Bursal Virus (IBV) and Marek Disease Virus (MDV) antigens in alcohol and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymphoid tissues from broilers. Both techniques appeared potentially useful for the diagnosis of both viral antigens in alcohol-fixed tissues, and allowed the observation of dual infection in the bursa of Fabricius of the studied animals in a natural infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Bupropion: clinical assay for amphetamine-like abuse potential.

Bupropion hydrochloride (100, 200, and 400 mg), d-amphetamine sulfate (15 and 30 mg), and placebo were compared in 13 volunteers who had histories of amphetamine abuse. Each dose was given orally at intervals of 3 or more days according to a double-blind, randomized crossover design. Bupropion had little or no effect on blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration, body temperature, pupil diameter, subjective appetite, food intake, sleep, or selected subscales of the Addiction Research Center Inventory and Single Dose Questionnaire. Conversely, d-amphetamine was active on most measures. It is concluded that, despite bupropion's reinforcing properties in animals, the compound is not amphetamine-like and is unlikely to give rise to such abuse in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Brain monoamine oxidase activity after in vivo-chronic iprindole treatment.

The effects of chronic administration of three different doses of iprindole on the monoamine oxidase activity and neurotransmitter content were studied in the cerebral cortex, the mesencephalon and the cerebellum of mouse brain. The treatment inhibited mitochondrial monoamine oxidase activity of all three brain regions studied, although a dose-response inhibitory effect was found only in the mesencephalon. Brain regional serotonin contents were markedly increased after iprindole treatment. The 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid contents showed a significant decrease only in the cerebral cortex. Neither dopamine nor norepinephrine brain regional contents were significantly altered. On the basis of these results it is suggested that a substrate-specific inhibition of monoamine oxidase is involved in the mechanism of action of this tricyclic antidepressant.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Long term use and abuse of benzodiazepines.

1. We have stressed the detrimental effect that lay publications, T. V. and mass media has had on the pharmacotherapy of anxiety and depressive reactions with benzodiazepines. 2. We have reviewed the scientific literature and found few well documented cases of benzodiazepine dependence if one considers that benzodiazepines are the most prescribed medications. 3. We discussed the possibility that the seizures reported on withdrawal of benzodiazepines used for very long periods, is not a "proof" of a physical dependence, but rather clinical evidence of the well known anticonvulsant effect of benzodiazepines. 4. We have hypothesized that the withdrawal syndromes associated to high dosages of benzodiazepines might have a different neurochemical mechanism to that observed in alcohol and barbiturates withdrawals.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of previous housing history on the toxicity of amphetamine in aggregate mice.

The lethality of d-amphetamine was studied in isolated and aggregated mice with and without previous habituation to the physical or to the physical and social environment of chronically aggregated social condition under which the toxic effects of d-amphetamine were tested. In animals without previous habituation to such environments, d-amphetamine's toxicity was greatly enhanced by social aggregation, as reported by several authors in the literature. It was found that mortality in the dose range from 5 to 90 mg/kg is mainly determined by the stimulation due to aggregation. Above 90 mg/kg, the mortalities in single and aggregated mice vary in parallel. Up from this dose, lethality is independent of the external stimulation. Previous experience with house sharing in aggregated conditions reduces aggregation mortality in proportion to the duration of the previous house sharing period.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An outbreak of encephalitis in pigeons (Columba livia) in the Canary Islands (Spain).

An encephalitic disease in pigeons, characterized by paralysis of extremities, torticollis, head tremor, and diarrhea, is described. The negative titers in the hemagglutination tests, the presence of Feulgen-positive intranuclear inclusions in the cells of the granular layer of the cerebellum and the fibroblast culture, and the presence of viral particles with an icosahedral-herpetic morphology and a diameter of 100-170 nm all indicate that the etiology of this outbreak may be related to the encephalitis caused by herpesvirus, at present diagnosed only in Iraq and some African countries.

Animals↗