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J Carzoglio

Publications and source records attributed to J Carzoglio.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Phytosterols and risk of lung cancer: a case-control study in Uruguay.

Plant sterols are substances present in vegetable oils, corn and some fruits. According to previous studies, phytosterols are protective in colon carcinogenesis. This case-control study was carried out in order to establish a possible protective role of plant sterols in lung carcinogenesis. The study was performed in Montevideo, Uruguay, during 1993-1996, and included 463 cases with lung cancer and 465 hospitalized controls. Total plant sterol intake was associated with a reduction in risk of 50% when contrasting the upper exposure quartile with the lower, after controlling for major confounders, including tobacco smoking and total energy intake. This protective effect was specially evident in adenocarcinoma of the lung (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.14-0.63). Therefore, plant sterol intake appears to be an important variable in lung carcinogenesis. Further studies are needed in order to replicate the present findings.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking as risk factors for stomach cancer: a case-control study in Uruguay.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the risk of stomach cancer associated with alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking in Uruguayan men. METHODS: A case-control including 331 cases and 622 controls was conducted in Montevideo, Uruguay, during the period 1992-96. The study was restricted to men, and both cases and controls were patients admitted to the major four hospitals in Montevideo. Response rates were high and similar for both series (92.8 for cases and 92.6 percent for controls). Controls were frequency-matched to cases on age and residence, and patients with conditions related a priori to tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking were considered ineligible for the study. All patients were interviewed shortly after admission using a structured questionnaire by two trained social workers. Relative risks, approximated by the odds ratios (OR), were estimated by unconditional logistic regression in models including major potential confounders. RESULTS: Smoking duration was associated with an increased risk of 2.2 for smokers of more than 50 years, with a significant dose-response pattern, after controlling for major confounders. Quitters of more than 15 years displayed an OR of 1.1, very close to the risk of never-smokers. A younger age at having started smoking was associated with an increased risk, whereas pack-years of cigarettes showed a significant dose-response. Also, alcohol drinking (particularly hard liquor and beer) was associated with an OR of 2.4 (95 percent confidence interval = 1.5-3.9), after controlling for the effect of tobacco, vegetables, and other types of alcohol beverages. CONCLUSIONS: These findings add further support to the role of tobacco and alcohol in gastric carcinogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Dietary nitrosamines, heterocyclic amines, and risk of gastric cancer: a case-control study in Uruguay.

To study the effects of dietary chemicals like nitrosodimethylamine and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, resulting from the cooking method of red meat, on gastric carcinogenesis, a case-control study was conducted in Uruguay, a country with areas of high rates of gastric cancer. The study involved 340 cases and 698 controls, who were interviewed between January 1993 and December 1996. Dietary nitrosodimethylamine was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 3.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.4-5.5], whereas dietary 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (a potent mutagen derived from the frying and broiling of red meat) showed an OR of 3.9 (95% CI = 2.3-6.4). Both chemicals displayed independent effects, and its interaction followed a multiplicative model with an elevated OR of 12.7 (95% CI = 7.7-21.2). These results suggest that salted and barbecued meat, frequent items in the Uruguayan diet, and the resulting chemicals from the cooking methods of both types of meat are significantly associated with a high risk of stomach cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking in gastric cancer. A case-control study.

This study compares 210 cases of cancer of the stomach (138 males and 72 females) with 630 controls (414 males and 216 females) afflicted with a wide variety of diseases. All patients (cases and controls) were admitted for treatment at the University Hospital of Montevideo, Uruguay in the time period July 1985-December 1988. They were submitted to the same detailed questionnaire by 3 social workers unaware of the objectives of the study. The analysis was performed at the Louisiana State University of New Orleans, using multiple logistic regression. The variables analyzed were cigarette smoking, alcohol ingestion, salted meat intake, total vegetable consumption, total fruit consumption and "mate" ingestion. Strong positive associations were found in both sexes for low fruit and vegetable consumption, high intake of salted meat and "mate" ingestion. Only males showed significantly elevated OR's for tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking. Of the main tobacco variables, time-dependent one's (age at start, duration) displayed significant gradients of increasing risks. Thus, a prolonged exposure seems more important than the amount smoked per day for the risk of developing gastric carcinoma. Both wine and hard liquor carried increased OR's, but heavy drinkers of wine displayed a six-fold increase in risk, replicating previous reports from France.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Black tobacco, wine and mate in oropharyngeal cancer. A case-control study from Uruguay.

A case-control study of oral and pharyngeal cancer involving interviews with 108 cases and 286 controls was carried out in the University Hospital of Montevideo, Uruguay. The study was restricted to males and cases afflicted with lip, salivary gland and nasopharyngeal cancer were excluded. Point estimates of RR associated with smoking variables, alcohol variables, nutritional items and ingestion of hot infusions of the herb Ilex paraguariensis ('Mate') were obtained by logistic regression analysis. Dark tobacco smokers showed a RR 3.4 times higher than light tobacco users and heavy drinkers of wine displayed an OR of 17.2. Mate exposure showed a significant dose-response, after adjustment for age, tobacco and alcohol intake, with a fivefold increase in risk for heavy consumers. Joint exposure to black tobacco and wine displayed very high risks and no significant interactions were observed. The results suggest that the high rates of oropharyngeal cancer could be explained by the multiplicative effect of black tobacco smoking, wine drinking and mate ingestion.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Laryngeal cancer in Uruguay (1958-1981). An epidemiologic study.

According to international comparative data on age-adjusted death rates, male mortality caused by laryngeal cancer in Uruguay is ranked second in the world. This fact has prompted the authors to study time trends and to perform cohort analysis of all deaths due to larynx cancer during the 1958 to 1981 period. Localization as well was investigated by means of incident cases taken from Registry of the University Hospital (1960-1981). Trend analyses have shown an increase in age-adjusted death rates among men. This was largely due to the older age of patients. Cohort analysis showed a decline in mortality among younger patients. As far as anatomic location is concerned, a marked predominance of supraglottic cancer was observed. This was particularly high among those belonging to the low-income group.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Esophageal cancer in Uruguay: a case-control study.

Esophageal cancer has constituted a major public health problem in Uruguay, with age-adjusted death rates of 14.5 X 10(5) for males and of 3.8 X 10(5) for females. A case-control study was undertaken to ascertain the possible association of the local custom of drinking infusions of Ilex paraguariensis ("maté") with cancer of the esophagus, after controlling for well-known risk factors, such as alcohol and tobacco consumption. Two hundred twenty-six patients with esophageal cancer and 469 controls (control:case = 2.1) were interviewed at the time of admission or consultation at the Oncology Institute of Montevideo from 1979 through 1984. Males showed elevated risks of esophageal cancer associated with heavy tobacco [relative risk (RR) = 10.8] and alcohol (RR = 10.3) exposures. Among females, the independent effects of tobacco and alcohol were nonsignificant. Maté consumption had an independent effect in both males and females, with odds ratios of 6.5 and 34.6, respectively, for heavy users. Moreover, a well-defined dose response was evident in both sexes.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Keratosis palmaris and visceral cancer].

The authors describe the clinical and histological characteristics of palmar keratose associated to visceral cancer. Their clinical forms are small and numerous keratotic rings, large papulae, 4 to 8 mm., scarce two or three lesions and multiple punctiform depressions. The histology shows a compact orthokeratotic hiperkeratosis accompanied in a variable way to an epidermic depression. In a strict sense it is not a paraneoplase, it is a clinic visceral cancer marker. It is suggested to name it oncogenic lenticular acrokeratose.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Ewing's sarcoma: value of tumor necrosis as a predictive factor.

Forty cases of Ewing's sarcoma filed at the Uruguayan Committee for the Study of Bone Tumors, in the 1956-1979 period, were reviewed in order to determine the prognostic importance of several clinical and histological factors. Necrosis showed a strong association with survival (regression coefficient of -0.59). In fact, those cases with slight necrosis presented an actuarial survival of 48 per cent at a five-year period, contrasting with no survivors in the group with marked necrosis. Multivariate techniques (Multiple Linear Regression and Analysis of Variance) were employed to identify possible subsets of Ewing's sarcoma. In particular, the combination of longer delay (time between the appearance of the first symptom and histologic diagnosis) and slight necrosis as well as treatment with multidrug chemotherapy and slight necrosis resulted in rather prolonged survivals. This suggests interactions between necrosis and delay, and necrosis and treatment. The strong predictive value of tumor necrosis is probably related with rapidly growing Ewing's sarcoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Soft tissue sarcoma: histologic factors of prognosis].

With the intention of evaluating the prognostic value of 4 histopathological factors (cellularity polymorphism, mitotic index and necrosis), 80 cases of soft tissue sarcomas treated between 1960 and 1979 at the Oncology Institute of Montevideo, Uruguay were reviewed. There was a high correlation between the 4 variables. Their results provided similar models for actuarial survival rates and coefficients of regression. Nevertheless, when the factors were combined according to a linear regression model, cellularity lost almost all of its prognostic value, while necrosis and mitosis increased the prognostic influence of the equation. The percentage of variance explained by the combination of these factors was only 27 per cent. It is supposed that a substantial part of residual variance is due to factors which have not been included in the model, that is, the size of tumor, the depth of the lesion and its location. It is also conceivable that the intermediate number of cases and, more important, the heterogeneous distribution of histopathological types and primary sites might modify these results. Multiple prognostic evaluations are recommended for each histopathological type and for each different site.

Adolescent↗