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Biomedical subjects

J Castiñeiras

Publications and source records attributed to J Castiñeiras.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Paratesticular neoplasms of mesenchymatous origin. Clinico-pathologic study].

There is a group of malignant intrascrotal tumours which represent a very small number when compared to testicular neoplasias and which are known as paratesticular neoplasias. More than 90% belong to the sarcomatous species. From a clinical point of view and based on the patient's age, two groups can be distinguished: sarcomas affecting children and adolescents (primarily rabdomiosarcomas) and those occurring in adulthood, the more frequent histopathological variants being fibrosarcoma, leiomiosarcoma and liposarcoma. This work contributes five paratesticular sarcomas (two rabdomiosarcomas, one liposarcoma, one leiomiosarcoma and one fibrosarcoma). The features related to histogenesis, diagnosis (revealing signs and clinical examination), natural history (dissemination routes based on histopathology) and treatment are reported. With regard to treatment, both the local surgery (total orchiectomy by inguinoscrotal approach with or without hemiscrotectomy), and indications for lymphadenectomy and radiotherapy in relation to staging are discussed though insisting on the chemotherapy approach.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of tumor lesions arising in the adrenal gland].

Between 1981 and 1993, 14 patients with tumoral adrenal disease were diagnosed and treated in the Urology Services of both Hospitals. Nature of the adrenal disease was functional in 8 patients (two carcinomas and six pheochromocytomas) and non-functional in the rest (three carcinomas, two adenomas and one myelolipoma). Reference is made to the clinical manifestations and laboratory tests related to hormonal activity, depending on whether the tumour is functional or non-functional, chromaffin or non-chromaffin. Patients with functional carcinomas had Cushing's syndrome, with very clear virtilization signs. Urine 17-hydroxycorticosteroid, 17-cetosteroides and cortisol were all increased, same as plasma cortisol. Patients with pheochromocytomas had hypertension and headaches (six patients), sweating (five patients), anxiety (four patients) and loss of weight (two patients). All of them had increased urine vainillylmandelic acid and catecholamines. Clinical signs and symptoms of non-functional tumours were related to bulk growth and size (in the three carcinomas), and sometimes was highly anodyne, or even absent (in the two adenomas and the myelolipoma), the cause of discovery being accidental during an ultrasound examination. An analysis is made of the different imaging diagnostic procedures performed, such as IVU (performed in 13 patients) with a 38.4% resolutory power; ultrasound (performed in 11 patients) with an 81.8% resolution; CAT (performed in 6 patients) with a 100% resolution capacity and arteriography (performed in 3 patients) with a 100% resolution power, although patients had previously undergone ultrasound and CAT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

[Urethral duplication: report of 2 clinical variants].

The present paper is a contribution of two cases of urethral duplication. The first one developed in a paediatric patient and corresponded to a bifid urethra with a pre-anal branch. Diagnosis was based on the patient's signs and symptoms (perianal dripping during miction) and both retrograde and mictional urethrocystography. The therapeutical approach consisted in complete removal of the accessory or supernumerary urethra. The second case developed in an adult patient and the duplication corresponded to a "rifle" urethra. The patient's clinical picture (urinary retention) justified a radiological study of the urethra leading to diagnosis. The therapeutical approach followed was endoscopic resection of both ducts and the surrounding prostatic tissue. Features related to the embryology, signs and symptoms, and therapeutic approach of these malformations are referred.

Child↗
PubMed1994

[Renal neoplasm developing in a pseudocystic cavity].

This paper contributes one case of "cystic" renal carcinoma which has been studied through ultrasound, computerized axial tomography, and thin needle aspirative puncture. Aspects related to pathogenesis, signs and symptoms, and therapeutical approach of the so-called "cystic" carcinoma are reported.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Retropubic radical prostatectomy. I. Denonvilliers' aponeurosis, prostatic "pseudocapsule" and the external striated urethral sphincter].

The present paper reviews the histological characteristics of the prostatic "pseudocapsule", Denonvilliers' aponeurosis and the external striated urethral sphincter. This morphological study has been conducted on pieces of prostate obtained through necropsies. We believe that the knowledge of the morphological characteristics of these structures as well as their relationships is necessary in order to perform the technique of radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

[Retropubic radical prostatectomy. II. Neuroanatomy of the pelvic plexus, impotence and urinary incontinence].

The present paper reviews the course of the nerves that comprise the pelvic plexus and intervene in the mechanisms of sexual strength and urinary continence. By means of cross-sectional and sagittal incisions in prostates obtained through necropsies the neurovascular bundle, intimately related to the prostatic gland, is studied. Based on the information obtained in the study we raise a series of suggestions all related with the surgical technique of radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Erectile Dysfunction↗
PubMed1993

[Wallstent prosthesis, urethral stenosis, and prostatic nodular hyperplasia. Presentation of our experience].

The present paper reviews our experience in the use of Wallstent prosthesis. We contribute a total of seven patients which presented with bulbar urethra stenosis (five cases) and benign prostate hyperplasia (two cases), all of which had undergone periodical dilation prior to the prosthesis implant as well as various endoscopic urethrotomies. Here, we report the indications, exclusion criteria, criteria for evaluation of results, and brief description of the technique or method used for the prosthesis implant. Finally, we report on the procedure's advantages and the need to conduct extensive studies (prospective and randomized) in order to clarify the place such prosthesis may take within the therapeutic field of stenosis of the urethra, and in benign prostate hyperplasia.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of nuclear roundness as a tool for prostatic carcinoma grading].

The microscopic patterns adopted by prostate carcinomas are extraordinarily variable making its histopathological classification and grading extremely complicated. There are numerous systems for prostatic tumours' grading, but many of them lack a truly reproducible character and an acceptable degree of reliability; for this reason, we have studied a series of nuclear microscopic parameters, from a quantitative point of view, in a series of prostatic carcinomas with a minimum follow-up of five years. It was observed that of the morphometric values obtained--area, perimeter, projection on the X- and Y-axis as well as the nuclear roundness factor--the most useful and representative is the latter. Besides, this is an objective parameter to evaluate nuclear anaplasia and can also be considered as a prognostic factor since, in our series, those who died had a greater mean nuclear roundness factor than those who survived.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Embryonal development of interstitial Leydig cells in the rat testis].

Blood testosterone concentrations are not constant throughout life, there being a direct correlation with the numbers of cells producing that hormone, for which reason the existence of two Leydig's cells populations has been proposed: one foetal formation, which disappears just prior or immediately after birth, and a subsequent adult generation. In recent studies, however, that withdrawal has not been observed. Considering all the above, we have studied the evolution of these elements during the rat foetal period. From a morphological point of view Leydig's cells do not differentiate from those in the gonadal interstice until day 17 of pregnancy, showing a considerable increase in their numbers by day 21: while from that day onwards their numbers decrease they never disappear completely. We believe those cells become differentiated from the interstitial mesenchymal cells, and that their increase is facilitated by the proliferation of these same elements.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The nuclear roundness factor as a parameter in the anatomoclinical correlation of prostatic carcinoma].

This paper correlates the nuclear roundness factor to clinical stage, patient's age and acid phosphatase level at the time of diagnosis in a group of 48 patients with prostate carcinoma and a minimal follow-up of 5 years. It has been demonstrated that, from an anatomo-clinical point of view, the nuclear roundness factor is a good indicator because it presents increasing values as the clinical stage of tumoral extension worsens, and in those stages where the number of patients was relatively high the average of deaths was always higher than that of survivors. On the other hand, a direct correlation to total acid phosphatase, and an inverse correlation to age at the time of diagnosis was shown in patients with changes in these values.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Post-natal development of interstitial Leydig cells in rat testicle].

The existence of different stages of postnatal activities in Leydig's cells, as demonstrated in hormone studies, appears to be fully admitted. Such occurrence should have repercussions on the population of those elements primarily entrusted with their production, either in the number of elements or their activities. The present article studies Leydig's cells rate in Wistar rats over the postnatal stage, from birth to adulthood. During this postnatal stage, Leydig's cells population does not actually disappear. There is a decrease immediately after birth and up to the age of 21 days when gonadal drop occurs in this species, and from there on a considerable increase takes place for in a two-month period they multiply by ten. On the other hand, it is highly surprising the great speed of testicle growth up to the age of 60 days, reaching maximum size at 90 days. The increase is due to the growth of the tubular compartment.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Application of transmission and scanning electron microscopy in experimental obstructive uropathy: I. Glomerular lesions].

In this research we use the Electronic Transmission and Sweep Microscope to study the morphostructural modifications undergone by the renal glomerulus in experimental obstructive uropathy. The most significant alterations take place at the level of the basal lamina of the glomerulus, where progressive thickening anf folding occurs. The podocytes display, mainly in the late groups, loss of the digit-shaped character of their secondary prolongations, with shortening and thickening of these. They also take on an anarchic arrangement and are pseudofused to one another, forming a cellular lamina in contact with the underlying basal membrane. These morphostructural changes justify the reduction in glomerular filtration that takes place in obstructive uropathy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Application of transmission and scanning electron microscopy in experimental obstructive uropathy: II. Tubular lesions].

The morfoestructural changes that appear at renal tubule level in obstructive uropathy consist in a progressive loss of the differentiations in the plasmatic membrane: reduction in the number of apical microvilli and of basal invaginations, which entails a drop in the exchange surface area. Degeneration and cellular necrosis phenomena also exist, with the appearance of cell traces in the tubule lumen. On the other hand, morphological signs of a rapid rate of cellular activity in the tubule cells are displayed. Together with the modifications that take place at basal membrane level these changes give rise to an alteration of tubule dynamics.

Animals↗