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Biomedical subjects

J Cerný

Publications and source records attributed to J Cerný.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Association of GPI-anchored glycoproteins with other components of the leucocyte membrane.

The leucocyte surface glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane proteins are localized within specific membrane microdomains which also contain specific (glyco)lipids and intracellular proteins including protein kinases. These "GPI-domains" are devoid of most abundant transmembrane proteins, but in T-cells they appear to contain small amounts of CD4 and CD8 and in B-cell lines, small amounts of CD10. The existence of these relatively detergent-resistant membrane microdomains explains the signal-transducing ability of GPI-anchored receptors. In addition to the "GPI-microdomains", several other types of analogous very large detergent-resistant complexes/domains appear to exist, such as those containing T-cell receptor, others containing CD45R molecules associated with a protein kinase, and still others composed mainly of several proteins of the tetraspan family. Therefore, we suggest that the leucocyte surface is a mosaic of microdomains of unique composition associated with specific signal-transducing molecules.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1993

[Massive hemorrhage from duodenal adenocarcinoma].

The authors report the case of a 48 year old patient with duodenal adenocarcinoma. The patient was hospitalized at the internal clinic and due to massive bleeding into GIT was removed into the surgical clinic in a state of shock. The operation revealed a Tu formation on the border between D3 and D4, and a palliative resection was performed. The histologic examination verified the diagnosis of the duodenal carcinoma, WHO gr.II. During the postoperative period the patient received 4 chemotherapeutic treatments, although literature generally refers to chemotherapy as having no effect on the time of survival in patients with duodenal adenocarcinoma. The authors conclude that in patients with a long termed history of atypical abdominal symptoms including bleeding into GIT which are inexplicable owing to fibroscopy and x-ray, it is necessary to take into consideration the possible presence of neoplasms in the small intestine, and hence in the duodenum. In cases with massive bleeding they recommend palliative resection and subsequent chemotherapy. (Fig. 6, Ref. 11.).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of physical rehabilitation in myocardial revascularization using echocardiography].

The authors investigated 155 patients, mean age 50.6 years, after revascularization of the myocardium. The group was divided at random into a group with a high intensity of physical rehabilitation (A) and a medium and low rehabilitation group (B). The rehabilitation programme comprised physical exercise at least three times per week for at least 30 mins. with a dynamic load up to 80% of the maximum heart rate in group A and up to 40% in group B. The mean initial haemodynamic indicators in both groups were equal (LVEDP 17.5 mm Hg and 16.5 resp. and EF 52.3% and 50.5% resp. in group A and B). Six months after revascularization the mean values of work tolerance increased in group A more than in group B (58.6 kJ, as compared with 44.2 kJ) and this difference is even greater after three years (70.4 kJ as compared with 51.5 kJ). The mean values of the ejection fraction (EF) at rest do not differ in the two groups after 6 months nor after 3 years (51.3% in group A, as compared with 54.6% in group B after 6 months, and 55.2% vs. 53.7% resp. after three years). The EF after a dynamic load after 6 months and 3 years does not differ in the two groups either (57.2% vs. 56.4% after 6 months and 55.1% vs. 54.5% after three years). Similar results were also obtained on evaluation of the mobility index of the walls at rest and after a dynamic load.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Echocardiography↗
PubMed1993

[Significance of pulmonary vein flow for the determination of left ventricular filling pressure].

The aim of the submitted study was to evaluate the blood flow in the pulmonary veins by transoesophageal Doppler echocardiography which is the ideal method for recording the blood flow in the pulmonary veins as the ultrasound probe is closely behind the left atrium. In 35 patients with ischaemic heart disease the authors evaluated the blood flow in the pulmonary veins to assess whether the rate of the blood flow in these vessels can serve a non-invasive estimate of the end-diastolic pressure in the left ventricle (LVEDP). It was revealed that venous blood flow has in the majority of cases two anterior peaks during ventricular systole, one anterior peak during diastole and one negative peak during atrial contraction. In patients with normal LVEDP the peak rate and integral time-velocity of the flow curve is greater during systole, while in patients with a higher LVEDP these parameters are higher during diastole. Dopplerian assessment of the flow in the pulmonary veins is safe, relatively non-invasive and simple. This method makes possible rapid visual estimates of the end-diastolic pressure in the left ventricle.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1993

[The effect of creatine phosphate in patients after surgery in ischemic heart disease].

The authors submit their experience with the use of creatine phosphate in patients operated on account of coronary heart disease. They divided 50 consecutive patients into three groups. Group A--controls, group B--creatine phosphate was added to the filling of the apparatus for extracorporeal circulation and group C--creatine phosphate was added to Bretschneider's cardioplegic solution. During operation and during the early postoperative period the CK and CK MB levels were evaluated as well as levels of free acid radicals, the haemodynamic state of the patients, the incidence of ventricular dysrhythmias, the need of defibrillation, histological and histochemical examinations. The authors found a lower CK and CK MB level, a lower percentage of ventricular dysrhythmias and the same haemodynamic results of the operation in patients with a more markedly impaired systolic function of the left ventricle when creatine phosphate was used. Creatine phosphate did not affect the morphology of the heart muscle nor the level of the assessed myocardial enzymes.

Cardioplegic Solutions↗
PubMed1992

Human neutrophil mobilization during open heart surgery.

Phagocyte released reactive oxygen species are often discussed in connection with ischemic and reperfusion injuries to the myocardium. The kinetics of the accumulation and oxidative burst of human blood phagocytes was studied by chemiluminescence during open heart surgery in the myocardium of human patients. Direct evidence is presented for an accumulation of neutrophils along with their markedly increased metabolic activity (oxygen radical formation), especially following the reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium. Leukocyte numbers and activity remained significantly elevated even in the venous blood obtained 24 h after the operation.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1992

[Coronary fistulas, their diagnosis and treatment].

Congenital coronary fistulas diagnosed from systolic-diastolic murmurs were detected in 10 patients. They were verified and located by coronarography in six patients between the right coronary artery and right atrium, right ventricle and pulmonary artery; in four patients between the left coronary artery and pulmonary artery and sinus coronarius cordis. In five patients followed marked left-right shunt the fistula was surgically eliminated by a very favourable postoperative course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Cytodiagnosis of bone tumors].

Fine needle biopsy was performed in 48 patients suffering from X-ray detected osteolytic lesions, during two years. A representative sample was obtained in 38 of them (79.2 percent). Cytologic conclusions could be proved in 35 patients by histology or clinical finding of primary tumour (in cases with bone secondaries). Cytologic diagnosis was correct in 30 patients (87.7 per cent). Especially good results were found out in bone metastases, plasmacytomas, and Ewing's sarcomas. Fine needle biopsy is to be recommended as an integral part of complex diagnosis of bone tumours.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1991

[Surgical treatment of residual pulmonary metastasis of testicular germ cell tumors after chemotherapy].

Advances in chemotherapy achieved a high percentage of complete remission after primary cytostatic treatment in germinal testicular tumours. In 30-40% of patients in the IVth stage of the disease supplementary surgery is, however, necessary--retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy or metastasectomy of the lungs. The authors give an account of initial results of surgical removal of metastases in the lungs in seven patients of 48 treated with cytostatics on account of a germinal testicular tumour. The low risk of thoracotomy, if correctly indicated, justifies us to describe this operation not only as auxiliary but therapeutic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Changes in the T-lymphocyte subpopulation (CD+/CD8+) in the blood of patients following kidney transplant and during the acute rejection episode.

A study was made of changes in the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in patients who had received cadaverous kidneys and who were under treatment with a combination of cyclosporin A + azathioprine + cor ticosteroids. The results showed that one month after the transparent there was a significant drop (P less than 0.05) in the immunoregulation index compared with the pretransplantation values. Throughout the whole period a correlation (r = -0.65, P less than 0.05) was found between the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and serum, creatinine. In recipients with acute rejection episode no significant difference was found between the CD4+/CD8+ values before the rejection episode (7 +/- 1 days and 3 +/- 1 days) and after it was diagnosed. The introduction of monoclonal antibodies specific for determinants in T-lymphocyte transplantation. Many authors have investigated changes in the CD4+ (helper inducer) to subpopulations (1) made possible immunological monitoring following the organ CDB+ (cytotoxic suppressor) ratio following the organ transplant (2, 3, 4, 5). Some reports (6, 7) have indicated that during rejection of a transplanted kidney there is a rise in the immunoregulation index (CD4+/CD8+), while other works (8, 9) failed to confirm this. Our work presents the dynamics of changes in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in peripheral blood of recipients of cadaverous kidney transplants, and points to changes in the immunoregulation index before and during acute rejection episodes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Replacement of the aortic valve in patients over 60 years of age].

The authors evaluated a group of operated patients above 60 years of age where the main cardiosurgical operation was a aortic valve replacement. The early mortality in the group comprising 49 patients was 4.1%. (Of 33 patients where the replacement of the aortic valve was an isolated operation none of the patients died. From another 16 patients where also the mitral valve had to be replaced or IHD had to be resolved by revascularization of the heart muscle by aortocoronary bypasses, two patients died.) During a check-up examination one year after operation 92% of the checked patients where in functional group I or II according to NYHA classification (before operation all were in group III or IV). Prostheses of aortic valves do not only considerably prolong the life even in older patients but also improve its quality. Advanced age alone is no contraindication for operation and the surgical risk is not greater than in younger age groups. The authors recommend to implant in advanced age bioprostheses because of the markedly lower risk of serious haemorrhagic complications in the long-term postoperative course.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Acyclic nucleotide analogues: synthesis, antiviral activity and inhibitory effects on some cellular and virus-encoded enzymes in vitro.

Several N-(S)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl) (HPMP) and N-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl) (PME) derivatives of purine bases (adenine, guanine, 2-aminoadenine, 3-deazaadenine) and cytosine inhibit the growth of various DNA viruses. PME-derivatives (PMEA, PMEG and PMEDAP) are also active against retroviruses. Both types of nucleotide analogues undergo phosphorylation by cellular nucleotide kinases to their mono- and diphosphates. The phosphorylation with crude extracts of L-1210 cells is potentiated by an ATP-regenerating system. HPMPA is phosphorylated faster than PMEA with or without the ATP-regenerating system. The HPMP and PME analogues inhibit several virus-encoded target enzymes and their cellular counterparts: (1) HSV-1 DNA polymerase is inhibited by the diphosphates of the PME series; the virus-encoded enzyme is more sensitive than HeLa DNA pol alpha and beta. PMEApp terminates the growing DNA chain; it specifically replaces dATP. HPMPApp also acts as an alternative substrate of dATP, but, in contrast with PMEApp, it permits limited chain growth. (2) Diphosphates of both series inhibit HSV-1 ribonucleotide reductase; the greatest inhibition of CDP reduction to dCDP is exhibited by HPMPApp and PMEApp. The enzyme isolated from a PMEA-resistant HSV-1 mutant proved less sensitive to PMEApp, hydroxyurea and HPMPApp. (3) Diphosphates of PME derivatives efficiently inhibit AMV(MAV) reverse transcriptase. (4) The purine HPMP and PME analogues and, even more so, their monophosphate derivatives inhibit purine nucleoside phosphorylase from L-1210 cells.

Adenine↗
PubMed1990

Properties of a 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA)-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 virus mutant.

After repeated passages of herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) KOS virus in the presence of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA) a mutant denoted PMEAr HSV-1 was isolated which grew well in the presence of 50-100 micrograms.ml-1 of the drug. PMEAr HSV-1 was still sensitive to the related phosphonate analogue (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (HPMPA). In fact, it was more susceptible to the action of HPMPA than the original virus. PMEAr HSV-1 also retained sensitivity to 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and other, viral thymidine kinase-dependent substances such as (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine. However, PMEAr HSV-1 was much less sensitive to acyclovir, 1-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine and 1-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)thymine than the parental KOS virus.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1990

Phosphonylmethyl ethers of acyclic nucleoside analogues: inhibitors of HSV-1 induced ribonucleotide reductase.

Diphosphates of N-(S)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl) and N-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl) derivatives of purine and pyrimidine heterocyclic bases inhibit HSV-1 encoded ribonucleotide reductase. Of the compounds studied, the most efficient inhibitors of CDP reduction (at 5.1 mumols.l-1) by the HSV-1-encoded enzyme are HPMPApp (IC50 = 0.9 mumols.l-1) and PMEApp (IC50 = 8 mumol.l-1). PMEApp does not inhibit the enzyme isolated from the mutant HSV-1 KOS strain PMEAr which is resistant to PMEA at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml. The enzyme isolated from the PMEA-resistant virus strain is also insensitive to inhibitory effects of hydroxyurea and HPMPApp. Thus, the inhibitory potency of HPMPApp and PMEApp toward HSV-1 encoded ribonucleotide reductase might be connected with the anti-HSV activity of HPMPA and PMEA.

Adenine↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of proximal selective vagotomy on experimental gastric mucosal lesions in the rat].

The influence of the proximal selective vagotomy (PSV) on the origin and the extent of experimental gastric ulcer were investigated in rats. The lesions of the gastric mucosa were caused in three groups: by stress through swimming-test, by application of phenylbutazone, and by ischemia (ligature of the left gastric and the right gastroepiploic vessels). The PSV practised a protective influence on the pharmacodynamic etiology, however, not on the stress ulcer. The areas of the ischemic gastric ulcers were larger on an average of 40% after PSV than in the control animals. The difference was not statistically significant. In case the PSV caused besides hyposecretion and hypo-acidity even passive hyperemia caused in the denervated part of the stomach then these did not produce any sufficient defence against the origin of stress ulcers and ischemic lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Algorithm for diagnosis and prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis].

An algorithm is described in this paper for diagnosis and prevention of postoperative deep venous thrombosis. It is presented in the form of a network graph and is based on an evaluation of the relative risk of pulmonary embolism of 17.785 patients. Age above 60 years, malignant disease, and more than four days of postoperative immobilisation were found to be the greatest risk factors for lethal embolism of the pulmonary artery. Examination of the venous flow bed by non-invasive methods has proved to be indicated for any patient who has not resumed spontaneous movement on the fourth postoperative day. Diagnostic coverage has so far been achieved for 75 per cent of all patients still immobilised four days after surgery. Peroral or rectal administration of aspirin (1.5 g:24 h-1) is recommended for its good therapeutic effectiveness to reduce complications and for economic reasons.

Age Factors↗