PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Chandenier

Publications and source records attributed to J Chandenier.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

In vitro susceptibility testing of Candida and Aspergillus spp. to voriconazole and other antifungal agents using Etest: results of a French multicentre study.

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the antifungal agent voriconazole were determined using the Etest and compared with those of amphotericin B, itraconazole and fluconazole using 1986 clinical isolates of Candida spp. Voriconazole MICs were also compared with those of amphotericin B and itraconazole using 391 clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp. Voriconazole was found to have more potent activity and lower MIC values than amphotericin B, itraconazole and fluconazole against C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis and C. kefyr. Against C. glabrata and C. krusei, voriconazole was more active than either of the other two azole antifungals but had similar activity to amphotericin B. For species of Aspergillus, MIC values of voriconazole were lower than those of amphotericin B and itraconazole against A. fumigatus and A. flavus, and were similar to those of amphotericin B against A. niger. Against A. terreus, MIC values for voriconazole and itraconazole were similar. A. terreus is known to be resistant to amphotericin B, and this was reflected in higher MIC values compared with those of voriconazole and itraconazole. Voriconazole therefore compares very favourably with other antifungal agents against a large number of clinical isolates of Candida and Aspergillus spp.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed2004

In vitro activity of amphotericin B, fluconazole and voriconazole against 162 Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from Africa and Cambodia.

In order to determine the potential role that various antifungal agents might have in the management of cryptococcosis in tropical areas, the in vitro susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from Africa ( n=52) and Cambodia ( n=110) to three antifungal agents (amphotericin B, fluconazole and voriconazole) were compared using the E-test method. The results of this study (i) confirm the value of the E-test for testing the in vitro susceptibility of C. neoformans towards voriconazole; (ii) provide the first evidence demonstrating good activity of amphotericin B, fluconazole and voriconazole against Cambodian isolates; and (iii) show there are differences in susceptibility between African and Asian C. neoformans isolates, with Cambodian isolates appearing less susceptible to the agents tested but with amphotericin B maintaining good activity.

Africa↗
PubMed2003

[Antiparasitic treatments in pregnant women and in children in 2003].

Like antibacterial agents, antiparasite drugs for pregnant women and children must be chosen in function of the stage of pregnancy, age of the child, and expected benefit-risk ratio. While no agent is totally safe, there are few absolute contraindications. Most zones of serious endemic parasite disease are located in developing countries where parasite, bacterial, or viral conditions combined with poor nutrition treatment make it necessary to treat disease in a complex pathogenic environment that weakens pregnant women and children with multiple parasite infections. In both temperate and tropical zones, there have been few real therapeutic advances involving release of new products on the market or development of new indications for existing products. Constant appearance and extension of hematozoa resistance to conventional and even more recent antimalarial agents have prompted research to find new active drugs and long-lasting treatment combinations. Real therapeutic breakthroughs have resulted from the need to develop safe drugs without substantial side-effects for single-dose use in control programs against endemic parasite diseases in mass populations including pregnant women and young children in tropical zones. There are several notable examples in the field of major verminous diseases. Ivermectin is a versatile drug that can be used against filariasis as well as for management of intestinal worms or ectoparasitosis in temperate and tropical countries. Praziquantel is an important advance in platyhelminthiasis, especially bilharziais. Triclabendazole, the latest addition to the benzimidazole family, has shown promise as a substitute for bithionol, that is difficult to procure and not recommended in pregnant women, for treatment distomiasis occurring in pregnant women and children. Other examples include albendazole against giardiasis, nitazoxamide against cryptosporidiosis, artemisinine against bilharziasis, and paramomycine, not recommended in pregnant women, against leishmaniasis.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Mycologic surveillance of the environment for preventive invasive aspergillosis. Proposals for standardization of the methodologies and implementation].

A MAJOR RISK: The infection of immunodepressed patients by Aspergillus-type fungi increases morbidity and mortality, particularly in hematology units or during solid organ transplantation. Although present diagnostic means benefit from the progress over the last years, they remain limited and chemoprophylaxis protocols have still not demonstrated significant efficacy. THE NEED FOR RECOMMENDATIONS: Today, the handling of environmental risks is the only strategy that has proved its efficacy and usefulness. On the basis of administrative recommendations and data from the literature, a multicentric and pluri-disciplinary task force, grouping clinicians, microbiologists and hygienists, has assessed different methods and has proposed recommendations for the standardization and optimization of fungal surveillance of the environment.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed2002

[Atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis].

French Guyana is an endemic area for American cutaneous leishmaniasis. At the start, the initial red lesion may be mistaken for a whitlow. Twenty percent of developed forms exhibit a sporotrichosis pattern. The notion of travel to an endemic area is very important for diagnosis. We report the case of a young man from French Guyana presenting with a cutaneous lesion of the finger. After numerous surgical treatments for a "whitlow", the final diagnosis of leishmaniasis was difficult because of local-complications and cutaneous rearrangement. Erroneous initial orientation in a unit unaware of tropical diseases can forestall appropriate care of the patients. Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic data on American tegument leishmaniasis are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Medullary gnathostomiasis in a white patient: use of immunodiagnosis and magnetic resonance imaging.

A 48-year-old French diplomat presented with a sensory-motor paraparesis of rapid onset, leading to paraplegia. Successive magnetic resonance image scans showed lesions of the thoracic spinal cord that were at different levels from one examination to the next. Specific anti-gnathostome antibodies were detected by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot test in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Albendazole treatment prevented disease progression, but only partial regression of the neurologic symptoms was obtained.

Albendazole↗
PubMed2001

Comparative performance of impactor air samplers for quantification of fungal contamination.

The aim of this study was to assess the performance of different impactor air samplers for fungal spore collection in the hospital environment. Four recent impactor air samplers were selected: Samplair (AES, Combourg, France); Air Test Omega (LCB, France); Air Samplair Mas-100 (Merck, France); and BioImpactor 100-08 (AES). They were compared with one another at three different hospital sites with varying levels of contaminated air. No significant difference in the efficiency of spore recovery was found between Air Test Omega, Mas-100 and BioImpactor, whereas Samplair was significantly less efficient. BioImpactor was then selected to represent the three superior impactors and was compared with the single-stage Andersen disposable sampler and the Collectron MD8 air sampler (Sartorius, France) and the High Flow Air Sample (BioTest, France), which are based on filtration and centrifugation methods, respectively. No significant difference was observed in terms of spore recovery. On the basis of their performance, unit sampling cost, autonomy and simplicity of use, we conclude that Air Test Omega, Air Samplair Mas-100 and BioImpactor 100-08 are suitable for routine indoor evaluation of fungal contamination of air in hospitals.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed2000

Congestive heart failure and myocarditis after seroconversion for toxoplasmosis in two immunocompetent patients.

Two cases of myocarditis and congestive heart failure in immunocompetent patients with seroconversion for toxoplasmosis are reported. Serological tests showed that in the first case the cardiac manifestations occurred at the time of seroconversion (low IgG, raised IgM and IgA), whereas in the second case they occurred several months after the initial infection when IgM was decreasing, IgG levels were very high (>1000 IU/ml) and IgG had high affinity for the antigen. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiac involvement in acute or chronic toxoplasmosis are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Evaluation of patient recruitment at the Yaounde Central Hospital].

A rehabilitation project at Yaounde Central Hospital (YCH) under way since 1990 will soon reach completion with renovation of the maternity ward. In May 1996 three surveys designed to assess recruitment were carried out in 660 patients admitted to the Outpatient Clinic (n = 241), Emergency Room (n = 183), and other departments (n = 236). The study questionnaire focused on familial, educational, and socio-economic background, home living conditions, reasons for admission, and treatment conditions. The findings of these studies indicated that the YCH is at the top-ranked treatment facility with recruitment covering the entire city and beyond. For people living in nearby areas the YCH is also the first care provider especially since income is low. Information campaigns for users, physicians, and health care workers are needed to reinforce confidence in the YCH. The YCH must do more to promote proper management, selection, and transport of patients from upstream facilities and continue its emphasis on wide access to health facilities for the population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Surveillance of the in vivo sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial agents: the results of initial tests of the OCEAC Malaria Network].

The Malaria Control Division of the Organization for Endemic Disease Control in Central Africa (OCEAC) has developed a standardized method to measure the in vivo sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial drugs. Between May 1996 and February 1997, a first series of tests using this method was carried out to determine the sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and amodiaquine in infected school children in four capital cities: Yaoundé, Brazzaville, Malabo, and Libreville. As expected, only children presenting more than 100 parasites per 1000 leucocytes were enrolled. Results showed variable degrees of in vivo resistance to chloroquine and amodiaquine at each location: 25% and 13% respectively in Yaoundé, 19% and 11% in Malabo, 23% and 43% in Brazzaville, and 29% and 0% in Libreville. Overall results concerning chloroquine of this test series were similar to recent data in comparable populations and confirmed the idea that the situation has stabilized in Central Africa. Findings concerning amodiaquine raise the need for further study to validate and explain the contrasting findings in Libreville (0%) and Brazzaville (43%). This first experience shows that the method is simple and quick and that it can be used with minimal means. Results could provide important early warning data for national health officials.

Africa, Central↗
PubMed1995

[Malaria and febrile pathology of expatriates in Brazzaville in 1993].

Between January 1 and December 31, 1993, malaria was found in 22.6% of unexplained fever cases among expatriates in Brazzaville, i.e. 0.5% of all consulting physicians at the Medico-Social Centre of the Coopération française. There are three possible explanations for the small proportion of paludism infection among expatriates: the low density of anopheles in the city centre, living conditions that restrict possible man-vector contacts and use of chemoprophylaxis. Considering the risks of self-treatment which are not insignificant, the authors on the importance of taking into account these facts when treating cases of fever among European residents in Brazzaville.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Invasions of Paederus sabaeus (Coleoptera Staphylinidae) in central Africa. 1. Entomological and epidemiological aspects].

In May 1993, at the end of the rainy season, outbreaks of Paederus sabaeus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) were recorded in Brazzaville (Congo), Kinshasa (Zaire), Franceville and Libreville (Gabon) and even in Bangui (CAR) at the North of the equator. A short review of previous outbreaks in Africa and on vesicant substances is given by the authors. These beetles are attracted to neon lights and they rest on the walls or on the skin of the occupants. When the insects are crushed on the bare skin their haemolymph liberate pederine and related vesicant components which provocate dermatitis. The insects disappeared spontaneously after three to four weeks.

Animals↗