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Biomedical subjects

J Chapin

Publications and source records attributed to J Chapin.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Platelet-derived growth factor-alpha receptor-positive oligodendroglia are frequent in multiple sclerosis lesions.

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) ligand is a potent glial cell mitogen. When its cognate receptor (PDGF-alphaR) is expressed on oligodendroglial lineage cells, such cells are considered capable of division, and the receptor thus serves as a phenotypic marker for oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Here we identify using immunohistochemistry a considerably enlarged, PDGF-alphaR-expressing oligodendrocyte cell population within multiple sclerosis (MS) white matter lesions compared to control brains. Numerous PDGF-alphaR-positive oligodendroglia also colabel heavily with the nuclear cell proliferation marker antibody Ki-67. Our finding of large numbers of proliferating oligodendroglia in MS brains expressing up-regulated PDGF-alphaR suggests that these progenitor-like cells represent an important source of regenerating cells for the healing MS lesion.

2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1998

Domestic violence screening practices of obstetrician-gynecologists.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the current knowledge base and screening practices of obstetrician-gynecologists in the area of domestic violence. METHODS: We mailed a survey to 189 ACOG Fellows who are members of the Collaborative Ambulatory Research Network. Questionnaires were also mailed to a random sample of 1250 nonmember Fellows. RESULTS: Obstetrician-gynecologists are aware of the nature of domestic violence and are familiar with common symptomatology that may be associated with domestic violence. For pregnant patients, 39% of respondents routinely screen at the first prenatal visit; 27% of respondents routinely screen nonpregnant patients at the initial visit. Screening is most likely to occur when the obstetrician-gynecologist suspects a patient is being abused, both during pregnancy (68%) and when the patient is not pregnant (72%). Only 30% of obstetrician-gynecologists received training on domestic violence during medical school; 37% received such instruction during residency training. The majority (67%) have received continuing education on the subject. Years since training and personal experiences with intimate-partner violence were associated with increased screening practices. CONCLUSION: Routine screening of all women for domestic violence has been recommended by ACOG for more than a decade. The majority of obstetrician-gynecologists screen both pregnant and nonpregnant patients when they suspect abuse. However, with universal screening, more female victims of violence can be identified and can receive needed services.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Stroke associated with ephedrine use.

Several sympathomimetic agents have been associated with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Ephedrine, a sympathomimetic drug that has a high potential for abuse and can be readily obtained without a prescription in unrestricted quantities, has rarely been associated with stroke. We report ephedrine-related stroke in three patients. One patient developed a thalamic infarct after ingesting known quantities of ephedrine as street-purchased "speed" for weight loss. Two patients had fatal intracranial hemorrhages after ingesting unknown quantities of ephedrine; one of them had a history of drug abuse, and one lacked a history of ephedrine use or drug abuse. Ephedrine appears to predispose to both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. The mechanisms responsible for the different cerebrovascular complications remain to be proven. Restriction of ephedrine availability should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The challenge of care for the poor and underserved in the United States. An American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists perspective on access to care for underserved women.

Access to pregnancy-related care for women and their infants and to reproductive health services for adolescents are significant concerns to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Adolescent and young adult women are among those most likely to be uninsured and lack access to health care services. Adolescent pregnancy, low-birth weight, and infant mortality remain major national burdens. The ACOG has taken the position that quality health care should be accessible to all women. The ACOG recommendations regarding health services for adolescents and the ACOG Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women's statement of principles regarding universal access for pregnancy-related care, which includes the basic scope of benefits, the characteristics of the providers, and the organization of services are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing core competencies for medical/surgical nursing.

The development of competency-based education is a task requiring the skills of educators and expert clinicians. This article provides information on a competency-based core orientation for medical/surgical nursing.

Clinical Competence↗