PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Chavinié

Publications and source records attributed to J Chavinié.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Neonatal infection with Streptococcus milleri.

Streptococcus milleri is a known commensal of the female genitourinary tract, but its pathogenicity in neonates has been reported in only a few cases. During a period of one year in an obstetrical unit, Streptococcus milleri was isolated from nine neonates and from one foetus after a spontaneous abortion. In seven of the nine newborns, neonatal infection was assessed and Streptococcus milleri was the lone pathogen involved, associated with positive blood or vaginal cultures in four mothers. Because Streptococcus milleri requires special conditions for identification, it is probably underestimated as a cause of neonatal infection and septic abortion.

Female↗
PubMed1994

PCR-based determination of Rhc and RhE status of fetuses at risk of Rhc and RhE haemolytic disease.

After anti-RhD, anti-Rhc is the most important red cell alloantibody which can cause haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) when the mother is Rhc-negative and the fetus Rhc-positive. We report here the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays which detect the presence of the Rhc alleles in amniotic cells by the use of allele-specific primers (ASP). It is expected that such determination will help in the management of pregnancies at risk of Rhc haemolytic disease. In the course of this study we have similarly performed PCR-ASP experiments to detect fetal RHE alleles since, in rare cases, anti-RhE can also cause HDN.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1983

[Complete ureteral avulsion. Complication of vaginal delivery of an infant dying in utero during the second trimester of pregnancy].

The authors report a case of complete avulsion of the ureter occurring during the vaginal evacuation of a fetus that had died in utero in the second trimester. This case leads us to discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic measures that should be taken in this kind of situation. At present there are people who wish to increase the number of indications for second trimester terminations of pregnancy. As this is so, we wish to draw attention to a rare but very serious complication of late evacuation of the uterus, namely damage to the ureter.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1981

[The bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of amniotic fluid (author's transl)].

The bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of 100 samples of amniotic fluid (LA) was studied against 5 bacterial species that are responsible for neonatal infections. These results show that there is a bacteriostatic activity in liquor. 52 specimens of liquor amnii (52%) were shown to be active against at least one of the 5 bacterial specimens studied. 32 samples of liquor (32%) were active against Listeria monocytogenes, 21 (21%) against Flavobacterium meningosepticum, 18 (18%) against Escherichia coli, 17 (17%) against group B streptococci and 7 (7%) against Bacteroides fragilis. A simultaneous study of the 6 types of germs show a separate characteristics of this activity. In this way the number of samples of liquor that were active against one or at the same time against 2, 3, 4 or 5 bacteria were respectively 24, 19, 5, 2 and 2. The bacteriostatic effect was more frequently active in those samples of liquor which were studied near term (57.5%) than in the samples studied nearer the beginning of pregnancy (31.5%). All the same, this difference is not statistically significant. There was no difference in the antibacterial activity of samples of liquor from normal and from abnormal pregnancies. The bacterial effect was found only in 12% of samples of liquor, particularly against streptococcus B (8%) and against Listeria monocytogenes (4%). This bactericidal effect was only found after the 31st week of amenorrhoea.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1980

[Perinatal pathology after normal pregnancies (author's transl)].

We have analysed, using the score of Hobel, 326 case notes of pregnancies that were considered normal out of 500 consecutive deliveries in order to try to find out whether there was any way in which women could be selected for delivery at home without risk. We have studied among these cases complications or accidents that happened in the neonatal period and the time when the first abnormal signs appeared. These signs were discovered at the consultation which took place at the beginning of the 9th month (for example, breech presentation) in 4.6 per cent of cases of normal pregnancy, at the examination carried out on admission to the unit (for example, post-term) in 16 per cent of cases and during labour in 9.8 per cent of cases. These showed up in half the cases by clinical signs (for example, the appearance of meconium), and in the other half of the cases they were totally unpredictable (for example, compression of the cord) which was diagnosed early thanks to continual monitoring of the fetal heart rate. The figure for complications or accidents in the perinatal period (fetal death, an Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes, intensive resuscitation of the baby, a birth weight of less than 2000 g) was found tobe in 5.4 per cent of normal pregnancies and 15 per cent of pathological pregnancies. The presence of these complications after normal pregnancy made us look more carefully for diagnostic features which could be singled out during the pregnancy (for example, mild urinary tract infection, a little bleeding at the beginning of the pregnancy). These "small signs" could not help to make a prognosis. These findings suggest, without definite proof because a controlled study has not been possible, that the prevention of serious complications in labour is only possible when all labours are supervised intensively routinely: and delivery at home means that a real risk is run by the infant even after the pregnancy has been normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[The present state of prevention of rhesus immunisation (author's transl)].

Rhesus factor immunisation and its complications should disappear if the indications and the techniques for abolishing it are followed. The indications follow from the usual mechanism by which immunisation occurs. This is the passage of Rh positive fetal red blood cells into the maternal circulation where they are detected by Kleihauer's test. If in pregnancy uterine bleeding, of accidental trauma occur or if amniocentesis, versions, operations on the pregnant uterus are performed or intrauterine death occurs, the necessary preventive action has to be performed on a rhesus negative woman. When pregnancy comes to an end, be it because of delivery at term when every rhesus negative woman who has not been immunised has to be treated (if the infant is rhesus positive) so the same applies after spontaneous abortion, extra-uterine pregnancy and especially after therapeutic termination of pregnancy after which it is often forgotten. The technique is simple: Within 72 hours a dose of 85 micrograms of anti D globulin is enough if injected intravenously or intramuscularly. Sometimes this quantity has to be increased, however, when the Kleihauer test has shown that more than 5 ml of rhesus positive blood has passed into the maternal circulation, or if blood of the wrong group has been transfused. The dose to neutralise 1 ml of blood is 10 micrograms.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acromegalic pregnancy associated with a Beckwith-Wiedemann fetus.

BACKGROUND: Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is a rare serious condition with a high rate of malignant tumors. A relationship between Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) II gene located at the level of the 11p15 chromosomic region has been demonstrated. CASE: An acromegalic woman (elevated IGF I serum levels) undergoing pregnancy with a Beckwith-Wiedemann fetus is reported. We therefore reviewed data about this association and particularly fetal growth, and analyzed fetal blood samples for IGF I and II. CONCLUSION: We conclude that this association (i.e. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and acromegaly) is independent, and point out that IGF I and II might be very high in the Beckwith-Wiedemann fetus.

Acromegaly↗