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Biomedical subjects

J Claes

Publications and source records attributed to J Claes.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Osteogenesis imperfecta and hearing loss.

A review of the literature of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and hearing loss in the last century is given. This includes the first association in 1912 by Adair-Dighton of OI with hearing loss, the triad of VAN DER HOEVE and DE KLEYN and different clinical and audiometric studies and classifications of the disease. A case report of a 14 year old patient is also included. The genetics of OI and the complexity in correlating genetics with clinical classifications is elucidated. Finally, the findings reported after middle ear surgery, the results of surgery and comparisons with otosclerosis are reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Side effects of repeated ototopical application of fosfomycin. An animal study.

In view of the possible role of fosfomycin in the topical treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media, the effects of this drug on inner ear function were investigated. Fosfomycin (20% aqueous solution) was applied repeatedly to the round window membrane of both ears of pigmented guinea pigs. Hearing thresholds were determined by daily frequency-specific evoked response audiometry with stimulation frequencies ranging from 1 to 32 kHz. Both positive (neomycin) and negative (saline) controls were included. Results were analyzed statistically. No significant and progressive hearing loss was found with fosfomycin. At 32 kHz, however, the hearing levels at the end of the test period were significantly worse in the fosfomycin group than in the saline group.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1991

A gap in surface therapy: topical antihistamines.

Allergic and non-allergic rhinitis have been treated by many drugs with different modes of action such as topical disodium cromoglycate and ipratropium bromide, systemic antihistamines and corticosteroid drugs and topical corticosteroids. Yet, these therapies are not entirely satisfactory for all symptoms. The rationale for the topical, intranasal use of antihistamines in patients is discussed. Topical antihistamine agents are administered in order to avoid the side effects of systematically applied medications, and to reach higher local drug concentrations. H1 receptors of the nasal mucosa play an important role in the physiopathology of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis and even of infectious rhinitis. Most studies using topical antihistamines in rhinitis, had an experimental physiopathological aim and did not explore clinical efficacy. Recently, topical application of levocabastine--a potent H1 antagonist--yielded good clinical results in allergic conjunctivitis, seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and non allergic perennial rhinitis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1991

Effect of isepamicin dosing scheme on concentration in cochlear tissue.

To investigate the possible effect of the dosing scheme of aminoglycosides on their concentration in the cochlear tissue, we gave two groups of 12 guinea pigs subcutaneous doses of 45 mg of isepamicin (ca. 30 mg of active product) per kg of body weight daily for eight consecutive days. The first group received the drug by continuous infusion, while the second group received it by single daily injection. On the final day of administration, the animals were sacrificed and the cochlear tissue was removed. The tissues from the cochleas of pairs of guinea pigs were pooled. The isepamicin concentrations in the cochlear duct tissue (organ of Corti plus lateral wall) and the cochlear nerve tissue were determined separately. Hearing levels before and after treatment were assessed by means of frequency-specific auditory brain stem responses (ABR). The creatinine level in serum was determined on the last day of the administration. None of the animals in either group showed signs of renal insufficiency or of hearing impairment. The median isepamicin concentration in the cochlear duct was 2.40 micrograms/mg of protein after continuous administration and 2.50 micrograms/mg of protein after once-daily administration, compared with the concentration in the cochlear nerve, where it was 1.93 micrograms/mg of protein after continuous administration and 2.59 micrograms/mg of protein after once-daily administration. These differences are statistically insignificant. The results give evidence for linear uptake kinetics of isepamicin in the inner ear tissue and may be directly relevant to the clinical dosing of the drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Lack of ciprofloxacin ototoxicity after repeated ototopical application.

The possible side effects of ototopically applied ciprofloxacin on inner ear function were investigated. The hearing function of pigmented guinea pigs was evaluated by daily frequency-specific evoked response audiometry after repeated application of the drug to both ears. Ciprofloxacin appeared to have no statistically significant effect on the hearing thresholds of the experimental animals.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1991

Tympano-ossicular allografts following J. Marquet: the evaluation of a school.

The experience with 1.645 transplantation procedures by ENT surgeons, trained in tympano-ossicular allograft technique following J. Marquet, is reported. The grafts originated from different tissue banks. The anatomical and functional results one year postoperatively were analysed. There appeared to be no statistical differences between tissue banks, nor between surgeons. Contrary to the anatomical results, functional differences existed between allograft tympanoplasties and some types of allograft tympano-ossiculoplasties. It was concluded that the routine use of allograft tympano-ossiculoplasty offers a major tool in otological surgery and that it is the method of choice by the ENT surgeons trained by the School of J. Marquet.

Belgium↗
PubMed1990

A pharyngeal hairy polyp causing neonatal airway obstruction: a case study.

A case of neonatal respiratory distress due to an oropharyngeal hairy polyp is reported with its MRI assessment. The place of hairy polyps in the differential diagnosis of upper respiratory tract obstruction is discussed. Early and rapid diagnosis and treatment may be lifesaving for the newborn.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1990

Aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity.

One of the major side effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics (AG) is ototoxicity. The authors review the literature revealing many controversies on every aspect of this side-effect. Although epidemiological studies have to face the problem of reliable evaluation techniques, the incidence of cochleo- and vestibulotoxic side-effects has been estimated at 7.5% for each. Netilmicin appears to be less ototoxic. No definite risk factors can be proposed, although age, length of therapy, bacteremia, fever, liver and renal dysfunction are probably very important parameters. Most pathological changes at the cochlear level follow a clear spatial sequence, showing unspecific, degenerative lesions, involving every structure of the cochlea. This makes it impossible to draw etiopathological conclusions. Recent pharmacokinetic studies have rejected the 'accumulation theory' of AGs in perilymph, while also in endolymph no accumulation can be found. Only a few data are available on inner ear tissue levels. Among the different pharmacodynamic hypotheses on the action of AGs, binding of the drug to acidic glycosaminoglycans in the stria vascularis, and interference by the drug with phosphoinositide metabolism in the hair cells seem to be of major importance.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1990

Allograft tympanoplasty: predictive value of preoperative status.

The functional and anatomical results of a series of 181 consecutive allograft tympanoplasties for ears with drum perforation and an intact ossicular chain were retrospectively reviewed and related to preoperative factors. Drum closure was realized in 92% (166 of 181 cases evaluated 1 year after surgery), and 96.6% of the reconstructed drums were still intact 3 years after surgery (118 cases evaluated). An air-bone gap of less than 21 dB was reached in 79.6% (of a total of 162 cases) 1 year after surgery, and in 78% (of a total of 118 cases) 3 years after surgery. Age, contralateral pathology, the wet or dry status of the ear preoperatively, and the preoperative air-bone gap had no influence on anatomical results. The preoperative air-bone gap did not predict the postoperative air-bone gap. The influence of age and existence of contralateral pathology on hearing gain was only visible in some of the strictly defined patient groups. The wet preoperative status of the ear generally predicted lower functional gain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Preglottic low-frequency Venturi jet ventilation in laryngoscopic microsurgery in adults. The influence of inspiratory time and frequency of ventilation.

The influence of inspiratory time and frequency of jet ventilation was investigated in an experimental model of a jet ventilator and a set of artificial lungs. The optimal ventilatory settings, when used in the clinical context, result in safe, adequate ventilation, as was proved by Astrup and intratracheal pressure measurements in 15 patients.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Histamine nasal provocation test. An evaluation of active anterior rhinomanometry and of threshold criteria of provocative dose.

This study is a methodological approach to histamine nasal provocation. The test uses active anterior rhinomanometry and a histamine titration method, challenging both nasal cavities with a metered dose pump. It has been confirmed that the histamine nasal provocation test can differentiate between controls and non-allergic rhinitis patients. This study shows, moreover, that the method is more sensitive in assessing response to histamine provocation when a 25% increase of post-saline nasal airway resistance (PD25) is considered than a PD50 or PD100 criterion. The histamine response, was found to be independent of the baseline nasal airway resistance value. Pronounced unilateral responsiveness was frequently noticed. Both nasal cavities should be challenged and the most reactive side considered.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1989

Safety of labetalol-induced controlled hypotension during middle ear microsurgery.

In order to study the influence of labetalol on the peroperative oxygenation during deliberate hypotension, 50 patients undergoing middle ear microsurgery were randomly divided in two groups of 25 patients; one group receiving labetalol to induce hypotension, the other group receiving placebo in a double blind manner. In the group receiving labetalol the arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) decreased significantly 5 minutes after the intravenous bolus injection. Within 30 minutes the PaO2 returned to the starting level. The arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) increased within 5 minutes and also returned to the initial level after 30 minutes. These changes were absent in the control group. It is concluded that, although labetalol produces a statistically significant change in PaO2 and PaCO2, this finding has only minor clinical implications and so labetalol remains a safe drug to be used for the induction of deliberate hypotension during middle ear microsurgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Tuberculosis in the middle ear: 5 case reports.

Five cases of tuberculosis otitis media are reported. The clinical picture and the hazards of diagnosis are discussed. Although not a common cause of chronic otitis media, tuberculosis of the middle ear cleft is an entity one should recognize especially when a chronic suppurative ear disease does not respond to the usual treatment. The signs and symptoms are non-specific. Altering features include racial predisposition, contact or personal history of past or present tuberculosis, chronicity, development of a facial palsy and the pale granulation tissue found at the operation.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1988

[Low-frequency jet ventilation in laryngoscopic surgery].

The principle and technique of low frequency pre-glottic jet ventilation for direct laryngoscopy are outlined. A discussion on the advantages and contra-indications in relation to other techniques concludes that low frequency pre-glottic jet ventilation has in our experience become the first choice ventilating technique for direct laryngoscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The use of fluoroquinolones in chronic otitis suppurativa.

The present review covers fluoroquinolone usage in chronic otitis suppurativa (COS) in case of chronic otitis media, cholesteatoma, radical mastoid cavity infection and chronic or relapsing otitis externa. A total of six publications were included in the final evaluation. Enoxacin was effective in 35%; ciprofloxacin (five publications) was used in 82 patients with 67% effectivity in otitis externa and otitis media and 61% effectivity in radical mastoid cavity infection. No serious adverse reactions were reported. The promising efficacy of otitis media and otitis externa and safety profile needs further confirmation in double blind prospective clinical studies, that will provide a firm basis for changing the current treatment schedules of COS.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed1987

Cervical tuberculosis. Differential diagnosis and CT imaging.

This paper shows some typical CT-scan patterns of tuberculous cervical adenitis. Two cases are presented which suggested to be a cyst of the first and second branchial cleft according to their appearance and location on CT-scan, but which turned out to be cervical tuberculous adenitis after further investigation. It is meant to stress the importance of tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions of the neck on CT imaging.

Adult↗