Professional disunity: the effect on preparation for practice.
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Education, Nursing↗
Biomedical subjects
J Clare
Publications and source records attributed to J Clare.
The hope that nurses in New Zealand would make greater efforts to communicate with each other and work together.
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Forecasting↗
Enhancer and silencerlike sites within the transcribed portion of a Ty2 transposable element of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The Ty2-917 element is a member of the Ty2 class of retroviruslike transposable elements of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We showed that regions downstream of the Ty2-917 transcription start site modulate its transcription. One region was located downstream of the transcription initiation site (position 240) and within the first 559 base pairs of the element. This region had a dramatic effect, causing an approximately 1,000-fold increase in steady-state levels of RNA. The region stimulated transcription when placed in either orientation upstream of a heterologous gene, HIS4, lacking its own upstream activation sequence (UAS). We termed this positively acting region an enhancer, by analogy to sites described in higher cells, to distinguish it from yeast UASs which do not function when placed within the transcribed portion of the gene. Though, like some higher eucaryotic enhancers, the Ty2-917 enhancer is located within the transcribed region, it is unlike them in that it occurs within a coding region rather than in an intron. The Ty2-917 enhancer and the Ty2-917 UAS had a synergistic effect on transcription, together stimulating transcription 15-fold over the predicted additive effect. We also identified a site which decreases RNA accumulation, located about 750 base pairs into the element. This site functioned in only one orientation when inserted upstream of the UAS-less heterologous gene. The site was similar to silencers, or negative enhancers, in that it acted to repress transcription from outside the transcribed region, but was distinct in that the function of a canonical silencer was independent of orientation.
Base Sequence↗
Three genes are required for trans-activation of Ty transcription in yeast.
Mutations in the SPT3 gene were isolated as one class of suppressors of Ty and solo delta insertion mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previous work has shown that null mutations in SPT3 abolish the normal Ty delta-delta transcript; instead, a transcript that initiates 800 bases farther downstream is made, suggesting that SPT3 is required for transcription initiation in delta sequences. We have selected for new spt mutations and have screened for those with the unique suppression pattern of spt3 mutations with respect to two insertion mutations. Our selection and screen has identified two additional genes, SPT7 and SPT8, that are also required for transcription initiation in delta sequences. We show that mutations in SPT7 or SPT8 result in the same alteration of Ty transcription as do mutations in SPT3. In addition, mutations in all three genes cause a sporulation defect. By assay of a Ty-lacZ fusion we have shown that spt3, spt7 and spt8 mutations reduce transcription from a delta sequence by 10-25-fold. Finally, we show that SPT3 mRNA levels are unaffected in either spt7 or spt8 mutants, suggesting that these two genes do not regulate transcription of SPT3.
DNA Transposable Elements↗
Nucleotide sequence of a yeast Ty element: evidence for an unusual mechanism of gene expression.
We have determined the DNA sequence of the transposable element Ty912 of yeast. The 5918-base-pair element encodes two genes, tya912 and tyb912, which specify proteins similar to sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins of Escherichia coli and retroviral reverse transcriptases, respectively. The tyb912 gene is atypical of eukaryotic genes since (i) it begins 1336 nucleotides into the Ty912 mRNA (i.e., downstream of the tya912 gene) and (ii) the first in-frame AUG is 921 nucleotides into the coding frame. Protein blot analysis of Ty-lacZ fusions shows that the tyb912 gene is translated starting at the 5' end of the tya912 gene and that the primary translational product is a tya912::tyb912 fusion protein. We have shown that synthesis of this fusion protein probably does not occur by RNA splicing. The data are consistent with a mechanism of translational frameshifting occurring within the region of overlap between the 3' end of tya912 and the 5' end of tyb912.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Scintigraphic demonstration of ventriculo atrial conduction in the ventricular pacemaker syndrome.
A patient with the sick-sinus syndrome was evaluated because of symptomatic deterioration after insertion of a ventricular demand pacemaker. Clinical features of the ventricular pacemaker syndrome were recognized and confirmed by electrophysiological and hemodynamic studies. Phase analysis--a new technique for detecting patterns of cardiac emptying from gated cardiac blood-pool scintigrams--demonstrated a pattern consistent with 1:1 ventriculo-atrial conduction. Phase analysis of the gated cardiac blood-pool scintigram may be useful in the assessment of patients with ventricular demand pacemakers who complain of fatigue and effort intolerance.
Aged↗
Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy: a critical comparison of seven-pinhole tomography and conventional planar imaging.
Seven-pinhole tomographic and planar thallium-201 imaging was performed on 63 consecutive patients to assess the clinical value of these techniques. Significant coronary artery disease (stenosis greater than or equal to 70%) was present in 52 patients. Comparing the seven-pinhole results with those of the planar, the findings for sensitivity, specificity, and inter- and intraobserver agreement were, respectively, 94% against 75% (p less than 0.005), 91% against 91%, 86% against 79%, and 97% against 92%. In 25 patients in this group with a prior myocardial infarction, sensitivity was 100% for tomographic imaging and 92% for planar. In 27 patients without prior myocardial infarction, by contrast, sensitivity for tomographic imaging was 89% and for planar imaging 59% (p less than 0.01). Thus we conclude that both tomographic and planar imaging are highly sensitive for the detection of significant coronary artery disease, but tomographic imaging is significantly more sensitive in patients without prior myocardial infarction.
Coronary Disease↗
Homosexuality in women.
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Father-Child Relations↗
Engendering change: empowering nurse academics to take part in a university research culture.
Any school of nursing, which is building upon a college-based teaching culture to create and maintain a viable research culture within a university, must build from within its own resources. This paper outlines a strategic approach to create a research culture in one such school. We describe the empowerment philosophy based on critical and feminist approaches that underpinned our strategy in transforming what was a teaching based college of advanced education culture to that of a university in which both research and teaching are required of its staff. A climate to facilitate change was created and a research support structure was put in place. The success of the strategies can be assessed by the increased participation in research activities, enhanced productivity and evidence of increasing confidence of staff.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
Palliative care in South Australian nursing homes.
A survey of directors of nursing and registered nurses working in 151 South Australian nursing homes was conducted to identify the proportion of residents who received palliative care and the nursing implications of providing this care. The 71 (47%) responding directors of nursing reported that their homes had provided and/or were providing palliative care and that, at the time of the survey, approximately 10% of the residents were receiving palliative care. The registered nurses documented a range of specialized and time-consuming nursing procedures and care that were required by 89 recipients of palliative care. These residents were each receiving approximately 42 hours of nursing and personal care per week, but none were assessed as meeting the criteria for their nursing home to receive the maximum Resident Classification Instrument funding for 27 hours of nursing and personal care per week.
Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
Should I take my first offer? A graduate nurse survey.
The newly graduated registered nurses' experiences of applying for graduate nurse positions and securing employment in nursing has received little attention in academic nursing literature. This article reports on a survey questionnaire of a cohort of 1995 graduates from the School of Nursing at Flinders University of South Australia. The survey was the first phase of a research project dealing with the transition from education to employment or from university student to registered nurse. The aim of the survey was to explore the graduates' experiences of searching and applying for employment, and their entry into a graduate nurse program (GNP) or employment as a registered nurse. Results indicate a disjointed and haphazard road that graduates must negotiate to secure a position. Anecdotal evidence suggests significant angst among final year nursing undergraduates at Flinders University of South Australia regarding a GNP place. The application process is costly in time and money for graduates and employer organisations. The duplication is unnecessary in this era of economic rationalism, cost-effectiveness and sustainability. Nursing students in the final semester of their undergraduate program need to focus on developing their role as a registered nurse, but instead are focusing on multiple applications to GNPs or employment for when they are registered. It is argued that a consortium, which centralises the process of application, would be beneficial to the graduates. Also, the limited number of GNP places available in the acute care sector, indicates that graduate registered nurses are working as registered nurses without any formal support. The recommendation is that GNPs be extended into diverse settings where nurses work such as in aged care, nursing agencies, rural and remote services, and the community.
Australia↗
Discharge planning and continuity of care for aged people: indicators of satisfaction and implications for practice.
In this study using questionnaire and in-depth interviews, a sample of 67 aged participants conveyed their health experiences related to the process of discharge planning. The objectives of the study were to describe indicators of satisfaction in the process of discharge planning as identified by aged participants, their carers and key health professionals and to describe participant and carer knowledge of recovery needs, medications and availability of community services. The results of this study show that 71% of aged participants expressed satisfaction with their overall experience of hospital discharge planning and felt well prepared for discharge. Two indicators of satisfaction for aged people were that they and their carers were involved with hospital staff in decisions about what would happen after discharge and that they received relevant information and education about their post-acute recovery needs. Findings of this study reveal effective communication and negotiation between aged people, their carers, hospital and community health professionals as key factors in continuity of care and satisfaction with discharge planning.
Aged↗