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Biomedical subjects

J Collier

Publications and source records attributed to J Collier.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Racial and sexual discrimination in the selection of students for London medical schools.

Analysis of the names of students from London medical schools taking their final examinations in June 1982, 1983 and 1984 has revealed that racial and sexual discrimination operate when students are selected for medical education. On the basis of name the ratios of European to African, Asian or Arabic students vary significantly between the two extreme schools (P less than 0.01), and for any school the proportion tends to be consistent from year to year. Differences also occur between the proportion of females at each school. Furthermore, the pattern of racial and sexual discrimination at each school shows a highly significant rank correlation (r = 0.77). The admission policies at the different London medical schools need to be reviewed.

Educational Measurement↗
PubMed1986

Aldose reductase inhibitors in clinical practice. Preliminary studies on diabetic neuropathy and retinopathy.

Extensive animal data now exist to indicate potential benefit of sorbinil in the treatment of the major complications of diabetes mellitus. A clinical programme has been constructed to explore this therapeutic potential and encouraging evidence of drug effect has already been observed in patients with neuropathy and retinopathy. Two small preliminary studies in patients with painful neuropathy have shown that clinically significant reduction of pain was more frequently achieved with sorbinil than with placebo. A 6-month study of patients with retinopathy, using vitreous fluorophotometry as the criterion of retinal damage, showed significant (p = 0.03) benefit for the sorbinil group compared with the placebo group. Drug evaluation in these areas is complex and difficult but it is anticipated that the accumulation of additional data will further substantiate the efficacy suggested by these early findings. The only clinically important adverse effect of sorbinil is the hypersensitivity reaction. This usually occurs during the initial weeks of therapy and is similar to that seen with phenytoin. The long term use of sorbinil is without significant adverse effects.

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMed1981

A multicentre comparison of clindamycin and metronidazole in the treatment of anaerobic infections.

One hundred and seventy patients with intra-abdominal infection with non-sporing anaerobes were prospectively studied in an international multicentre study. Patients were randomly allocated to treatment with clindamycin or metronidazole, for a minimum of 48 h to a maximum of 7 days. Other antimicrobial therapy was permitted if indicated by in vitro susceptibility testing. The commonest infections were peritonitis, intra-abdominal abscesses and appendicitis (72 cases), colorectal carcinoma (23 cases), intestinal perforation (16 cases) and diverticulitis (13 cases). Thirty patients received no other antimicrobial chemotherapy and in a further 94 patients, an aminoglycoside was given in addition to the study drugs. In 38 patients the infection required no surgical intervention. Appendicectomy was commonly performed and surgical drainage of pus was required in 14 patients. These variables were evenly distributed between the treatment groups. Both clindamycin and metronidazole were found to be effective therapy for anaerobic infections and were well tolerated. Of the 9 deaths in the study, 7 were in the clindamycin group, and 2 in the metronidazole group. The study protocol allowed patients who were responding poorly to treatment to be crossed over to the alternative therapy. This procedure was followed in 6 patients, 5 of whom were originally receiving clindamycin. It is concluded that metronidazole is as effective for anaerobic infections as clindamycin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Removal of metronidazole by haemodialysis.

The removal of the anti-anaerobic antibiotic metronidazole has been studied in oliguric patients. The drug and its principal metabolite are rapidly removed by haemodialysis so that the plasma concentration quickly falls below the therapeutic range. Hence a further dose of metronidazole would be needed after dialysis to restore an adequate plasma concentration.

Adult↗