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Biomedical subjects

J Collin

Publications and source records attributed to J Collin.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Absorption from the jejunum is increased by forward and backward pacing.

In 4 dogs a 75-cm segment of jejunum was isolated from the intestinal stream. Stimulating electrodes were implanted at each end of the segment and recording electrodes at intervals between. The two ends of the segment were fashioned as stomas on the anterior abdominal wall. After recovery, the electrical activity of the segment was continuously recorded, whilst a solution of 100 mmol/l glucose and 90 mmol/l NaCl was infused into the proximal stoma at 2.9 ml/min. Effluent from the distal stoma was collected in 5-min aliquots for three consecutive 30-min periods. In the second period electrical stimuli were given via either the proximal or the distal bipolar electrodes to entrain pacesetter potentials. Both forward and backward electrical pacing decreased the output of water, glucose and sodium from the jejunal segment, but the decrease was significantly greater with backward pacing. We conclude that pacing a segment of jejunum backwards with electrical stimuli produces a greater increase in absorption from the segment than pacing it forwards, a finding which has therapeutic implications in patients with the short bowel syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Prediction of postoperative respiratory complications by simple spirometry.

Spirometry was carried out before and after operation in groups of patients undergoing three preselected surgical procedures. The patterns of impairment of pulmonary function in each group are discussed. Only in patients undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy was spirometry of value in determining an 'at-risk' group for the development of respiratory complications. Discrimination was optimal on the 1st postoperative day, making it possible for 70% of patients to be discharged from hospital 48 h after this operation with little risk of subsequent respiratory complications.

Forced Expiratory Volume↗
PubMed1978

Increased canine jejunal absorption of water, glucose, and sodium with intestinal pacing.

Our aim was to determine if pacing a segment of jejunum backwards with electrical stimuli could increase absorption from it. In four dogs, 75-cm loops of jejunum were isolated from the intestinal stream. After recovery, fluid was infused into the proximal stoma of the loop and effluent collected from the distal stoma for three consecutive 30-min periods. In the second period electrical stimuli were applied to the distal end of the loop to drive the pacesetter potentials of the loop, hence its contractions, backwards. The output of water, glucose, and sodium from the loop was decreased, and the transit of content through the loop was slowed during backward pacing. We conclude that pacing a segment of jejunum backwards with electrical stimuli enhances absorption of water, glucose, and sodium from that segment.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Current state of transplantation of the pancreas.

Studies of pancreatic transplantation have been made using the pancreatic tail as an autotransplant model. The endocrine function of the pancreas has been shown to be relatively resistant to warm ischaemic injury. Autotransplantation of the pancreatic tail with a double arterial anastomosis technique can be achieved with 100% immediate success, the graft maintaining satisfactory glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. No important changes in glucose homoeostasis have been shown to result from diversion of pancreatic insulin secretion from portal to systemic veins.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Carbohydrate tolerance with portal and systemic venous drainage of the pancreas.

Carbohydrate tolerance was studied in 8 dogs with pancreatic venous drainage to the hepatic portal vein and 6 dogs with pancreatic venous drainage to the systemic veins. While systemic venous drainage of the pancreas was associated with higher fasting plasma insulin and lower fasting plasma glucose levels, no significant differences in either glucose clearance or insulin response to glucose were detectable. Therefore, in the maintenance of plasma glucose homeostatis, administration of insulin into the portal vein offers no significant advantages over the easier systemic route.

Amylases↗
PubMed1975

Infusion thrombophlebitis and infection with various cannulas.

A prospective study was carried out of the frequency of thrombophlebitis and bacterial contamination of cannulas associated with four commonly used intravenous cannulas of differing length and chemical composition. For all cannulas the frequency of thrombophlebitis increased significantly with time. Long 'Teflon' cannulas were significantly more likely to be contaminated with bacteria and associated with thrombophlebitis than all other cannulas, while the low frequency of thrombophlebitis with butterfly stainless steel cannulas was shown to be due to their short duration of use. It is suggested that long teflon cannulas should be avoided and that infusion thrombophlebitis could be eliminated as a clinical problem by the use of intermittent short duration intravenous infusions.

Bacteriological Techniques↗