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Biomedical subjects

J Colville

Publications and source records attributed to J Colville.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Person-to-person transmission of Brucella melitensis.

Human brucellosis is primarily an occupational hazard in the USA; in the Middle East and Africa ingestion of contaminated dairy products is an important route of infection. Whether human beings can become infected via person-to-person spread is uncertain. During an investigation of a commonsource, laboratory-associated outbreak due to Brucella melitensis, biotype 3, the wife of a microbiologist with serologically proven brucellosis became infected. Her blood isolate was indistinguishable from the epidemic strain. In the absence of other risk factors, we suggest that sexual intercourse is a possible means of transmission.

Brucella↗
PubMed1991

Outbreak of Brucella melitensis among microbiology laboratory workers in a community hospital.

From May to September 1988, eight employees of a microbiology laboratory developed acute brucellosis (attack rate, 31%). Seven of the eight affected employees had clinical illness ranging from a nonspecific, flulike illness to severe hepatitis. Blood cultures obtained from five of the affected employees (63%) were positive for Brucella melitensis, biotype 3. Comparison of cases and controls showed that there were no risk factors besides employment in the laboratory. Based on work locations, assignments, and interviews, it was found that person-to-person, droplet, food-borne, and waterborne spread were unlikely. Our investigation disclosed that 6 weeks before the outbreak began, a frozen brucella isolate from a patient hospitalized 3 years earlier had been thawed and subcultured without the use of a biologic safety cabinet. This clinical isolate was subsequently identified as B. melitensis, biotype 3, identical to the employee isolates. It is presumed that transmission occurred via the airborne route. This outbreak reemphasized that all work on Brucella species, an established biosafety level 3 organism, must be conducted under a biologic safety hood. Furthermore, it might be prudent to perform all clinical "setups" under a safety hood since aerosolization commonly occurs during the initial processing of specimens and the majority of these specimens are from patients with uncertain diagnoses.

Brucellosis↗
PubMed1990

Spontaneous rupture of the biceps femoris.

A case is reported of spontaneous rupture of the biceps femoris muscle, a hitherto undescribed condition. A characteristic history is discussed and a new clinical sign described.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Early active mobilisation following flexor tendon repair in zone 2.

In a prospective study, 114 patients with 138 zone 2 flexor tendon injuries were treated over a three-year period. Early active mobilisation of the injured fingers was commenced within 48 hours of surgery. 98 patients (86%) were reviewed at least six months after operation. Using the grading system recommended by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand, the active range of motion recovered was graded excellent or good in 77% of digits, fair in 14% and poor in 9%. Dehisence of the repair occurred in 11 digits (9.4%) and in these an immediate re-repair followed by a similar programme of early active mobilisation resulted in an excellent or good outcome in seven digits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Syndactyly correction.

The operation to be described has been used by the author, with minor modifications, for over 10 years. A series of 57 cases is presented, all of which were simple, uncomplicated examples of syndactyly. The correction is based on separation of the cleft into rectangular flaps combined with removal of interdigital fat. Performed at one year, this allows complete closure of the ulnar side of the cleft and, in mild degrees, complete closure of the radial side also. A dorsal island flap is used to reconstruct the web. The results have been assessed with a minimum follow-up of 2 years and are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Total hip replacement in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Analysis of 59 hips.

The results of 59 Charnley low friction arthroplasties in 41 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis are presented. Mean follow-up was 30 months and mean age at operation 30.5 years. At review 90 per cent had an excellent result and 10 per cent a good result as regards pain relief. Mobility was significantly improved in all but two patients. These two patients developed severe ectopic bone formation. With few exceptions, the results remained constant after 6 months. Intraoperative complications were the most common. Careful selection of patients, advance planning of surgery and appreciation of the developmental abnormalities in these hips are essential features in avoiding complications and achieving a good result.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Charnley low-friction arthroplasties of the hip in rheumatoid arthritis. A study of the complications and results of 378 arthroplasties.

During the years 1971 to 1975, 378 Charnley low-friction arthroplasties of the hip were performed on 278 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The average age at operation was thirty-nine years. The follow-up time ranged from one to six years (mean two and a half years). Forty per cent of patients were receiving steroids at the time of operation. The most common complications were loosening of the prosthesis (3.4%), perforation of the femoral cortex and fracture. Deep infection occurred in 0.7%, dislocation in 0.7%, and thromboembolic episodes in 1.3%. Ninety-five per cent of patients were free of pain at follow-up compared to 84% who were severely handicapped by pain before operation. In addition, the increased mobility in 98.5% of patients and their improved independence makes hip replacement a recommendable procedure in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Drain-cover injuries in children.

This report highlights unnecessary injuries to the hands, forearms, and feet of small children, caused by falling drain-cover gratings, colloquially known as "shores". It is suggested that a simple locking device, similar to that employed on manhole covers, would eliminate this type of injury.

Accident Prevention↗