Cyhexatin and fenbutatin-oxide resistance in Pacific spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae): stability and mode of inheritance.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
J Conley
Publications and source records attributed to J Conley.
Escherichia coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase: a single amino acid replacement relaxes rRNA specificity.
We described previously the isolation, by genetic selection, of a mutant of Escherichia coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase that misaminoacylates supFtRNATyr with glutamine. The single amino acid change responsible for the mischarging phenotype was identified at amino acid 235 in the translated glnS gene. The mutant, called glnS7, has an Asp----Asn change, and studies with the purified glnS7 gene product show it may mischarge a number of presumably different tRNAs. We have carried out extensive homology searches that show E. coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase shares regions of homology with other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, although little apparent similarity at the site of the glnS7 mutation. In addition to the conserved 'HIGH' motif implicated in aminoacyl adenylate formation, there are regions of homology of glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase with other synthetases which may be involved in tRNA binding. These include short stretches of homology in sequences acting as a tRNA 'anchor' as well as homology of some aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to a recently identified motif in ribonucleoproteins. Therefore, our results show that E. coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase may share with other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases regions responsible for tRNA binding, while other regions of the protein, of which the glnS7 mutation may be a component, are responsible for tRNA discrimination.
Acylation↗
Primary neoplasms of the facial nerve.
A series of 30 primary facial nerve tumors is reviewed. Most of them were benign (n = 26); there were four malignant tumors. Neoplasms originating within the temporal bone were found to have preoperative facial paralysis in 84 percent of cases; the extracranial tumors had a 35 percent incidence of preoperative facial paralysis. All tumors in this series were treated surgically--by means of a middle fossa or transmastoid approach for the intratemporal group of tumors; the extracranial tumors were removed by the technique of parotid tumor surgery with complete facial nerve dissection. All the patients with preoperative facial weakness required facial nerve transection. Facial paralysis was rehabilitated with nerve grafts, hypoglossal crossover, or muscle transfers. Because "normal" facial expression is still not attainable following repair of complete facial nerve transection, an early diagnosis, hopefully prior to total neurotmesis, is essential. All patients with unexplained facial weakness, especially that which is progressive and persistent, should have the entire course of the facial nerve investigated for the possibility of treatable etiology.
Cranial Nerve Neoplasms↗
Have I performed the right operation?
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Consumer Behavior↗
Therapeutic intervention scoring as a measure of performance in a helicopter emergency medical services program.
Helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS), which are both expensive and resource intensive, lack objective measures for system evaluation. We computed the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS) score for all patients during six consecutive months of service in a HEMS program to assess the value of this score for measuring the performance of the program. The TISS assigns values ranging from 1 to 4 for 57 medical and surgical interventions to measure the intensity of care during a 24-hour period. The TISS was recorded for 203 patients beginning at the time HEMS transport was requested. These flights also were classified as appropriate or inappropriate, given the information available, when HEMS care was initiated and days later when diagnostic evaluation was complete. Classification was done on the basis of whether the following criteria (potentially) ensure patient survival or improve outcome: speed of transport, presence of a medically skilled flight team, or the helicopter's ability to overcome hostile environmental conditions. The mean TISS score for all patients was 21.7. One hundred thirty-two of 203 flights (65%) were thought to be medically necessary, both at the time HEMS was requested and later (mean TISS, 28.1; analysis of variance, P less than .001). Thirty-four flights (17%) were thought to be appropriate using the information available at flight time, but not after the diagnostic workup was completed (mean TISS, 10.0). Thirty-six patients (18%) did not appear to require helicopter transport at any time, and had a mean TISS of 9.0. We conclude that TISS is a useful, objective measure of the performance of a HEMS program, and it should be tested in other HEMS programs.
Adult↗
Pendulosity in regional flaps about the head and neck.
Pendulosity rarely occurs in flap transposition in the area of the head and neck. It is related to physical and physiological factors that derive from the volume of tissue transplanted, the neatness of its fit into the wound, its supportive facilities, its functional activity, its relation to gravity, and the effect of its perimeter scar tissue bed and venous drainage system. It is amazing that this condition does not appear more commonly when one considers that as much as 1,000 cc of inert tissue may be transposed as a volumetric mass, either with a singular vascular pedicle or as a singular microvascular anastomosis or a randomized soft tissue pedicle base. The difficulty is almost always compounded by the fact that the tissue does not contain a specific lymph drainage facility. The majority of these physiological handicaps, however, are accommodated by the receptiveness of the tissues of the wound and the venous drainage of the flap. If these should fail, edema and then pendulosity will occur. The condition can be improved by repositioning and a reduction in the size of the flap.
Esthetics↗
Cheiloplasty in the treatment of facial paralysis.
There have been dramatic improvements in the treatment of facial paralysis. These include the successful use of free autogenous nerve grafting, nerve crossover techniques, regional masticatory muscle transposition, and free muscle grafts. The techniques are applied to total, partial, and regional paresis. The bulk of information on rehabilitation of the face has come from clinical empiricism, but basic research in nerve and muscle physiology and attempts at multiple classifications regarding indications and criteria have added to the splendor of this drama. One facet that has not been emphasized is the use of cheiloplasty in long-standing facial paralysis. Long-standing facial paralysis has both a neural and muscular deficit that cannot be rectified by a single concept or operation. It is essential to regionalize the rehabilitation, implant a kinetic muscular potential, supply some static support and elevation, and address the nonfunctional muscles about the paralyzed lips. This latter concept includes lip shortening and lip-flap transposition. A coordinated combination of these techniques has the best opportunity of maximizing the improvement in long-standing facial paralysis associated with severe muscle atrophy.
Chronic Disease↗
The role of Dr. Max Som in conservation surgery of the head and neck.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
General Surgery↗
Pseudotumor of the pterygomaxillary space presenting as anesthesia of the mandibular nerve.
Pseudotumor is a term used to describe a space occupying inflammatory lesion which mimics a true neoplastic process in its clinical presentation. In this paper, we report a pseudotumor of the pterygomaxillary space that presented with anesthesia and paralysis of the mandibular nerve. The importance of this case is to call attention to pseudotumors as a clinical entity and to document a case of an extraordinarily aggressive variant that required a surgical approach usually reserved for malignant tumors.
Cranial Nerve Diseases↗
Management of the ear canal in head and neck surgery.
The management of the ear canal in the treatment of tumors occurring in the area of the head and neck is a highly specialized problem. The material for this report is a derivative of the treatment of tumors involving the auricle, tragus, the skin of the cheek, temple, mastoid, parotid gland, ear canal, and middle ear. The extensive variety of histopathologic conditions and positions of the various tumors creates special problems in preserving and reconstructing the ear canal, saving the tympanic membrane, and rehabilitating the area of the ear canal when these structures have had to be resected. Six basic techniques have been used in rehabilitating this unique area, by using regional skin, free skin grafts, regional flaps, cervical flaps, combinations of these techniques, and large cutaneous and myocutaneous chest and back flaps for the larger ablations.
Ear Canal↗
Reconstruction of half of the face.
A 29-year-old man underwent a severe electrical burn involving the entire right side of the face, resulting in destruction of the temple, orbit, a portion of the nose, zygoma, and maxilla, through-and-through destruction of the cheek and lips, and a portion of the parotid gland and buccal mucosa. This massive and debilitating wound was an acute surgical emergency, as far as life-support measures were concerned. Gradually, the patient underwent débridement, and finally resurfacing of the entire right side of the face with a large deltopectoral flap. Over four years, this flap, the area of the orbit, and the area of the lips underwent rehabilitation and the transportation of residual regional muscles, and the debulking and repositioning of the flap was carried out. The orbit was finally rehabilitated with a prosthesis.
Adult↗
Intranasal composite grafts for dorsal support.
Reconstruction of the dorsal support of the nasal pyramid is often a challenging proposition. Intranasal resection of the septum or lateral walls of the nose will cause collapse, widening, shortening, and a depressed profile. This problem has been treated by cantilever bone grafts, cartilaginous grafts, composite grafts, skin grafts, and struts with some success. The correction of total resection of the nasal septum by the implantation of a biwinged composite cartilage graft acts as a buttress in its augmentation and support of the dorsum of the nose.
Ear Cartilage↗
Treatment and prognosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the pediatric age group.
Although mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant salivary neoplasm in adults, it occurs rarely in the pediatric age group. A retrospective study of 15 pediatric cases from 1954 to 1984 showed that 13 of the patients were 10 to 15 years old, and 11 were female. The parotid (11/15) and the palate (4/15) were the sites involved. Tumors were graded into three categories: well differentiated (grade I), moderately differentiated (grade II), and poorly differentiated (grade III). Tumor grade influenced the method and outcome of treatment. Wide local composite resection was used for palatal tumors, and total parotidectomy (with or without nerve resection) and nodal dissection was the technique selected for parotid tumors. No nodal or distant metastases were present in the poorly differentiated tumor category (2/15). A follow-up period of ten years or more was possible in 90% of the cases. The prognosis for those studied is excellent, and there have been no deaths attributable to the malignant process.
Adolescent↗
Metastatic basal cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
Five new cases of metastatic basal cell carcinoma are presented to highlight the potential of this tumor to develop malignant metastases. Histologic criteria of the primary and metastatic site are presented along with a review of the pertinent world literature.
Adult↗
The risk to the orbit in head and neck cancer.
Cancers in the head and neck are recognized as placing their environs at risk. The orbit is threatened by a variety of cancers originating in adjacent structures because of its anatomic relationship to skin, sinuses, nasal cavity, skull, palate, and salivary glands. The poignancy of this is highlighted by the fact that the orbit contains the organ of sight and also has high aesthetic value. An evaluation of the pathologic physiology of the various neoplasms affecting the orbit, their management, the methods of reconstruction, and the criteria for radical and conservation techniques will be discussed.
Facial Neoplasms↗
Genetic parameters and environmental factors associated with type traits scored on an ordered scale during first lactation.
Sixty subjective and linearized type data were recorded on 7375 first lactation Holstein cows. Data were analyzed by paternal half-sister analysis for genetic parameters. One hundred and six sires were represented. Two kinds of heritability estimates were obtained; the first was a method 3-derived estimate for the raw scale and the second was a "nonlinear method 3"-derived estimate for an underlying scale. Whenever estimates of heritability on the raw scale were positive, larger estimates were generally obtained on the underlying scale. Some udder traits (e.g., depth, rear length, rear balance, teat placement, rear teat length, rear width) had underlying heritabilities between 10 to 30%. Suspensory strength and teat shape had no genetic variation. Of feet and leg traits only set (.14) and cleanness of hocks (.09) had heritabilities above 6%. Some functional traits (milking speed, edema) had heritabilities near 11%. Disposition, mastitis score, and milk letdown had no genetic variation. Most body traits (e.g., pin and hip width, length and levelness of rump, rib spring) had heritabilities between 15 and 30%. Method 3 phenotypic and genetic correlations relations were computed for the raw scale. Most phenotypic correlations were near zero. Traits associated with size or skeletal dimension had positive phenotypic typic and genetic correlations. Fore udder length, rear udder width, and rear udder height had positive genetic correlations (range .21 to .43). Udder depth had moderate genetic correlations with most udder traits, teat traits and body traits. The statistical models included describer, stage of lactation, and calendar month of description effects. In general, describer effects were the largest and most significant kind of environmental effect. Stage of lactation effects occasionally showed consistent trends. Month effects appeared to be unpredictable.
Animals↗
Functional and aesthetic consequences of total platysma resection.
The functional and aesthetic effects of total unilateral platysma resection during ablative surgery is described and outlined for the first time (to our knowledge). The consequences of this resection are analyzed with respect to the partial facial paralysis that is evident. A model describing the dynamics of this paralysis is presented. These data are important in understanding the contribution of the platysma to the smile and the effects of manipulating this muscle during aesthetic and reconstructive neck surgery.
Facial Muscles↗
Degloving approach for total excision of inverted papilloma.
Inverted papilloma, because of its insidious and aggressive clinical course, must be completely excised. Previously, the customary procedure advocated for this goal was a lateral rhinotomy. The degloving approach, which consists of lifting the soft tissues from the mid portion of the face, thereby furnishing unlimited exposure to the pyriform fossae and the lateral nasal walls, offers an excellent alternative to the lateral rhinotomy technique. The degloving procedure involves no external scarring and improves the visibility of the total operative field. En bloc dissection of the lateral nasal wall is then accomplished and extended to include a sphenoethmoidectomy or partial excision of the medial orbital wall, as dictated by the extent of disease. The procedure has been performed by the authors in 46 cases, and has proved to be an extremely valuable technique, displaying excellent cosmetic and functional results with minimal complications.
Cartilage↗