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Biomedical subjects

J Corberand

Publications and source records attributed to J Corberand.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Blood cell parameters do not change during physiological human ageing.

Despite the considerable amount of data published during the last 30 years concerning the hematological status of the aged, practitioners are still confronted with the problem of 'normal' or 'physiological' values in these subjects. Indeed, significantly different values are presented in the literature as normal for the aged, apparently depending on the various types of populations studied. Criteria used to define the subjects as 'normal' could be the main factor responsible for this discrepancy. Based on this hypothesis, we determined the values of usual blood cell parameters in two groups of apparently healthy subjects of over 75 years of age. Subjects of group A (16 men and 13 women) were selected according to the stringent criteria of the Senieur protocol and subjects of group B (15 men and 20 women) were recruited using 'conventional' admission criteria. For both groups, sex-matched young controls aged 20-29 years were tested in parallel. No clinically significant alteration was observed in group A, whereas more pronounced differences were found in group B. Our results confirm the necessity for stringent selection criteria in biological investigations in gerontology. Moreover, they demonstrate that blood cell parameters are not altered in the aged, provided that the latter are really 'healthy'.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Subacute or initially chronic osteomyelitis in children. A series of 17 cases].

17 cases of subacute or at once chronic osteomyelitis are shown. At this occasion, an analysis of epidemiological, topographical, clinical and bacteriological data is given. An immunological study has been made in 5 cases: diagnosis is difficult at all stages. A reflexion is proposed concerning the treatment to be performed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

A rapid isolation procedure of plasma membranes from human neutrophils using self-generating Percoll gradients. Importance of pH in avoiding contamination by intracellular membranes.

In this study we report an overall procedure for the isolation of both human polymorphonuclear neutrophils and their plasma membrane, by means of self-generating Percoll gradients. After efficient purification (40% yield), neutrophils were lysed by nitrogen cavitation and cellular structures quickly isolated in a one-step procedure. Plasma membrane recovery was monitored by [3H]concanavalin A and 5'-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) activity. We showed the latter activity is indeed present in human neutrophils. The procedure resulted in a good yield of plasma membrane, since 45% and 55% of total 5'-nucleotidase and [3H]concanavalin A activity, respectively, were recovered within two gradient fractions. Depending on the final pH of the Percoll gradient medium, endoplasmic reticulum markers contaminated either the plasma membrane or the granule fractions. At pH 9.05, NADH-ferricyanide reductase activity clearly separated from plasma membrane markers and displayed the same profile as CDPcholine:diacylglycerolcholine phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.2), a typical enzyme of endoplasmic reticulum. These results emphasize the need for strict monitoring of the pH of the gradient medium in subcellular fractionation of neutrophils.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of ethanol on human polynuclear neutrophils. In vitro and in vivo study].

Human polynuclear neutrophilic function was studied to determine the role of alcohol in the increased susceptibility to infection of chronic alcoholics: in vitro studies investigated the effects of different concentrations of ethanol; in vivo studies included comparison with healthy subjects after alcohol intake, with excessive drinkers without liver disease and with chronic alcoholics with confirmed cirrhosis. In vitro depression of polynuclear neutrophilic function was observed only with significantly higher concentrations of ethanol than encountered clinically. In social and excessive drinkers, phagocytosis was decreased but there was no change in bactericidal activity. On the other hand, in cirrhotic alcoholics chemotaxis, phagocytosis and bactericidal activity were all significantly reduced. A direct action of alcohol alone on polynuclear function would not seem to be the cause of the increased risk of bacterial infection of chronic alcoholics.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Polymorphonuclear dysfunction in bronchopulmonary diseases in human adults.

Polymorphonuclear (PMN) functions were assessed in 55 patients with asthma or bronchial bacterial infection to evaluate the systemic phagocyte capability of patients with bronchopulmonary diseases. Random migration, nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction, and Candida killing activity were markedly decreased in the 2 types of patients studied. PMN dysfunction was more pronounced in the most affected and heavily treated patients. Considering both the rare occurrence of congenital polymorphonuclear defects and the age of the patients studied we concluded that the PMN abnormalities observed were secondary to the onset of respiratory disease. This impairment of circulating phagocytes may contribute to the rise of a systemic susceptibility to infection able to aggravate the underlying bronchopulmonary disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Liver- and placenta-like alkaline phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.1) isoenzymes in normal human neutrophils.

Alkaline phosphatase (AP) has been characterized in the neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from 14 healthy adults. The biochemical properties of the isoenzymes were analyzed by the following methods: enzyme assays, slab gel electrophoresis, thermostability, inhibition pattern using four chemical inhibitors, and immunological specificity. In normal PMNs, two types of AP have been found: a thermolabile isoenzyme identical to the liver/bone/kidney type and a thermostable isoenzyme with respect to its electrophoretic properties, its level of thermostability, its immunological specificity, the thermostable isoenzyme resembles the placental form more closely than the intestinal form. These results are consistent with the proposal that granulocyte AP is a heterogeneous enzyme. Two enzyme forms appear to be expressed in this blood cell.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Impairment of polymorphonuclear functions in hospitalized geriatric patients.

Polymorphonuclear (PMN) functions were assessed in 93 non-selected hospitalized patients, 32 active, healthy, elderly controls and 29 young controls. The results confirm the impairment of PMN functions in the aged. However, PMN functions in hospitalized older persons are similar to those in non-institutionalized controls, and underlying diseases and treatment do not seem to aggravate the PMN impairment. Thus, it can be assumed that the frequent and severe infections afflicting the hospitalized aged are due to the alteration of the other host-defense mechanisms.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Fulminant infection in a splenectomized patient with Hodgkin disease. Fatal pneumococcal meningitis in a cured patient seven years after splenectomy].

Ten years ago, because of the increasing number of patients recovering from Hodgkin disease, some authors advocated systematic laparotomy with splenectomy for more accurate staging in order to adjust therapy with more precision. This attitude now seems questionable because of the occurence of several complications, particularly of life-threatening infections, which can be fatal even after recovery from Hodgkin disease. The case of a twenty-three-year-old male patient with Hodgkin disease stage III A, histological grade I, is reported. MOPP chemotherapy, splenectomy and cobalt radiotherapy were followed by complete recovery. Seven years later the patient died from fulminant pneumococcal meningitis. A review of previously published cases show that prolonged prophylaxis with oral penicillin is mandatory in splenectomized patients. Immunization with the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine should be attempted even though the long-term results are still unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Malignant external otitis and polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration impairment. Improvement with ascorbic acid.

Malignant external otitis (MEO) is a rare disease due to a Pseudomonas infection of the external ear occurring in an elderly patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Its high mortality raises the question of an alteration of the defense mechanisms of the body. A 58-year-old man was affected with MEO, and after several months of unsuccessful treatment, a study of the function of his polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMNs) revealed a defect of the migration capability. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was proved in vitro to be able to improve the results of the migration test. The patient was treated for one month with ascorbic acid and, parallel to the normalization of the chemotaxis test results, the ear lesions healed. The mechanism of such an alteration of the PMN function, implying several factors (the active infection, old age, and diabetes mellitus), is still unclear. Nevertheless, it is certainly important to test the PMN function in patients with MEO and treat them with immunomodulators.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1982

Polymorphonuclear functions in Hodgkin's disease patients at diagnosis, in remission, and in relapse.

Five tests investigating different aspects of the nonspecific defense mechanisms including capillary tube random migration, particle ingestion activity, quantitative and histochemical nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction by polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and serum lysozyme concentrations were performed in 46 patients with Hodgkin's disease. The anomalies observed in the active stage of the disease consisted of a decreased random migration, a high level of serum lysozyme, and an increased nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by resting phagocytes associated with a decrease in nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by stimulated phagocytes. The particle ingestion activity was normal. The serum lysozyme assay was the only test observed to normalize in the group of patients in remission. Its determination, therefore, offers an additional means of evaluating disease activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Polymorphonuclear functions and aging in humans.

To determine whether normal aging interferes with the functional capability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), 6 tests of PMN function were performed in 285 healthy subjects whose ages ranged from 20 to 97 years. A second selection based upon blood measurement and a review of medical histories 6 months later, eliminated 68 subjects. The 217 remaining persons were sub-classed by age into 7 groups including equal numbers of males and females. The functional properties of PMNs in the aged, when compared to those of younger adults, were characterized by: (a) a decrease in the chemotactic response in the 80+ age group: (b) increased adherence, with onset after age 70, maximal after age 80; (c) a progressive decrease of NBT dye reduction capability, up to age 70-79, followed by an unexplained increase of the mean value after age 80; (d) diminished Candida-killing activity, appearing in the 60+ group and becoming lowest in the oldest group; and (e) lack of changes in spontaneous migration and endocytosis. The mechanisms by which this impairment occurs are hypothetical. It is proposed that normal PMNs, after leaving the bone marrow, are influenced by various humoral components such as metabolic byproducts or immune processes altered by aging. Thus the defective PMN may represent only another victim of the aging process.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Phagocytosis in myeloproliferative disorders.

The phagocytic function was investigated by means of four tests (capillary tube random migration, phagocytosis of yeast particles, quantitative nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction and whole-blood bactericidal activity for Staphylococcus aureus) in 57 patients who had myeloproliferative disorders: 24 had chronic granulocytic leukemia, 22 had polycythemia vera, six had myelofibrosis, and five had essential thrombocythemia. This study confirms the previously reported functional anomalies of phagocytosis in all the myeloproliferative disorders and shows that, despite these anomalies, the increased number of phagocytes allows an efficient whole-blood bactericidal activity, essential for the nonspecific host defence mechanisms.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1980

In vitro effect of tobacco smoke components on the functions of normal human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

The function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) has previously been shown to be impaired in smokers in comparison with healthy nonsmokers. Potent inhibition of PMN chemotaxis has been achieved with whole tobacco smoke, the gas phase of smoke, and a water-soluble extract of whole smoke. In the present work several aspects of PMN function were studied after exposure to water-soluble fraction of the particle phase of tobacco smoke collected on glass fiber filters. These tests included capillary tube random migration, chemotaxis under agarose, phagocytosis of yeasts, Nitro Blue Tetrazolium dye reduction, and whole-blood bactericidal activity. The water extract of the particle fraction of smoke had a high content of nicotine when compared with the levels achieved in plasma of smokers and a much lower concentration of aldehydes when compared with the gas phase of smoke. It had no cytotoxic effect and did not affect phagocytosis, oxygen consumption, or bactericidal activity. Nitro Blue Tetrazolium reduction of both resting and stimulated PMNs was significantly decreased only with the most concentrated solution. The tested solutions exerted a dose-related depressive effect on capillary tube random migration, whereas the random migration measured in the agarose chemotaxis test was normal. Nevertheless, the chemotactic response to a caseine solution was significantly decreased. The same tests were performed in the presence of several concentrations of a nicotine solution and the only test to be affected was the capillary tube random migration, and, that only at a very high concentration. The results of this study contribute to the more precise delineation of the extent of the dysfunction of PMNs exposed to tobacco smoke components and indicate that deleterious products are released from the particle phase of the smoke, which deposits all along the respiratory tree.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Leukoerythroblastosis and cancer frequency, prognosis, and physiopathologic significance.

This investigation was carried out on 100 bone marrow biopsies with metastases and 56 autopsies on patients with evidence of cancer. Leukoerythroblastosis was found in 44% of the patients with bone marrow mestastases and was more frequent in prostatic and gastric carcinoma. Moreover, the postmortem study of patients who died with cancer showed that leukoerythroblastosis was always the sign of bone marrow metastasis. A significant correlation was found between these blood changes and bone marrow fibrosis around the metastasis. Furthermore, leukoerythroblastosis seems caused by hepatosplenic extra medullary hematopoiesis.

Anemia, Myelophthisic↗
PubMed1979

Effect of tobacco smoking on the functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Eight tests investigating the function of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes were performed in 68 subjects, half of whom smoked at least 20 cigarettes per day. Comparison of the two groups allowed determination of the in vivo effect of tobacco smoke on the nonspecific defense system of the body. Ingestion ability, oxygen consumption, and bactericidal activity were normal in smokers. Myeloperoxidase and neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activities also were unchanged. The nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and the serum lysozyme levels were slightly increased in smokers. The capillary tube random migration, though, was depressed, and intensive smoking further aggravated this change. It is suggested that tobacco smoke acts directly on one (or several) unidentified target site of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This impairment, demonstrated in vivo, probably plays a role in the genesis of the bronchopulmonary diseases so frequent in heavy smokers.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

Increase of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase in the mothers of leukemic children.

A comparative study of the polymorphonuclear neutrophiles of 62 parents of children suffering from acute leukemia and of 110 couples with normal children revealed a marked increased of Neutrophil Alkaline Phosphatase (p less than 0.05) in the mothers of the leukemic children. The other parameters (periodic acid Schiff and myeloperoxidase) were unchanged.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Respiratory signs linked to passive inhalation of tobacco smoke in infants (author's transl)].

Thirty observations done on infants formed the base of a review of the literature on the epidemiology, the clinical signs and the physiopathological mechanisms of passive smoking (PS). The main signal was a chronic cough but in infants under 12 months, PS also provoked, as well, an "asthmatoid bronchitis", progressing relentlessly since the coming out of maternity ward, in relation with the maternal tobacco addiction. In these patients, examinations failed to disclose the different causes of recurring respiratory infections. Among the granulocytic tests, only the spontaneous migration of neutrophil polykaryocytes in the absence of chemotactic stimulus was significantly lowered, by comparison with the controls. The authors did a review on epidemiological surveys done to this day; they revealed a direct relationship between the parent's addiction to tobacco and the frequency of recurring respiratory disorders. It was particularly evident when the mother smoked and the child was under 12 months. At this age it was independant from the infection eventually transmitted by the parent's cough. The constituants of tobacco smoke probably have a depressive action over the regional or perhaps the general means of immunitary defense as it is suggested by the decrease of leukocyte migration noted in parents with PS. It is therefore necessary in our country to define the true risks of PS in infants thanks to well organized epidemiological surveys and to obtain the means of an efficient preventive policy.

Adult↗