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Biomedical subjects

J Coudert

Publications and source records attributed to J Coudert.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Time-course effects of endurance training on fat oxidation in sedentary elderly people.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate alterations in whole body fat oxidation after 7 and 14 weeks of progressive endurance training in sedentary elderly subjects. DESIGN: Longitudinal, 14 weeks of progressive endurance training on a cycle ergometer (3 training sessions per week). Full sets of measurements were performed before, and after 7 and 14 weeks of training. SUBJECTS: 13 healthy sedentary subjects (5 men, 8 women) (age 62.8 +/- 2.3 y). MEASUREMENTS: 24 h indirect calorimetric measurements under standardised conditions: light-activity programme, fixed food composition, neutral daily energy balance. Body composition (by isotope dilution and skinfold thicknesses). Maximal oxygen consumption. RESULTS: Loss of 0.7 kg fat mass in the first 7 weeks of training and a further 2.4 kg of fat in the second 7 weeks. There was a transient increase in sleeping fat oxidation after 7 weeks of training (+26.1%), associated with transient increase in daily fat oxidation (+/- 11.9%), but fat oxidation then returned to baseline values in the second 7 weeks. There was a correlation between within-subject changes in sleeping fat oxidation after 7 weeks of training and variations in FFM (r = 0.62, P = 0.02) and maximal oxygen consumption (r = -0.56, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In sedentary elderly subjects, progressive endurance training was associated with a transient increase in sleeping fat oxidation and daily fat oxidation. In free-living conditions, possible changes in daily fat oxidation may have induced a negative fat balance, as judged by fat mass loss.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1999

Variations and determinants of energy expenditure as measured by whole-body indirect calorimetry during puberty and adolescence.

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is characterized by rapid anatomic, physiologic, and behavioral alterations expected to induce changes in metabolic rate. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate variations in daily energy expenditure (DEE) and its main components during adolescence and to quantify their significant determinants. DESIGN: Eighty-three children and adolescents (44 boys and 39 girls aged 10-16 y) participated in this cross-sectional study. Tanner stages ranged from 1 to 5. Body composition was assessed by both the skinfold-thickness method and bioimpedance analysis. Energy expenditure (EE) was determined continuously over 24 h by using 2 whole-body calorimeters. The subjects followed a standardized activity program that included four 15-min periods of exercise on a cycle ergometer. RESULTS: Body composition, DEE, sleeping EE (SEE), resting EE, and EE during meals, miscellaneous activities, and physical exercise varied significantly with sex and stage of puberty. The DEE of boys and girls averaged 8.22 and 7.60 MJ in prepubertal children, 11.35 and 9.10 MJ in pubertal children, and 11.73 and 9.68 MJ in postpubertal adolescents, respectively. The significant determinants of DEE and SEE, respectively, were fat-free mass (r2 = 0.842 and 0.826), sex (r2 = 0.017 and 0.022), and season (r2 = 0.021 and 0.011). Stage of puberty and fat mass were not significant factors. DEE and SEE adjusted for fat-free mass were on average 5% higher in boys than in girls and 6% higher in spring than in autumn. CONCLUSIONS: The DEE of adolescents measured under standardized conditions varied with sex, body composition, and season, but not with stage of puberty. These variables could be predicted accurately from fat-free mass, sex, and season.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Effects of 14 weeks of progressive endurance training on energy expenditure in elderly people.

Effects of progressive endurance training on energy expenditure (EE) were studied in thirteen elderly sedentary subjects (62.8 (SD 2.3) years) after 7 and 14 weeks of training. Daily EE (DEE) and energy cost of the various usual activities were measured over 48 h by whole-body indirect calorimetry. Free-living DEE (DEEFLC) was calculated from 7 d activity recordings and the energy costs of activities were measured in the calorimeters using the factorial method. DEEFLC did not vary significantly throughout the training period despite the additional energy cost of training sessions (0.60 (SD 0.15) MJ/d), because energy expended during free-living activities (EEACT) decreased by 4.8 (SD 7.1)% (P < 0.05) and 7.7 (SD 8.6)% (P < 0.01) after 7 and 14 weeks of training respectively. Measurements in the calorimeters showed that sleeping metabolic rate transiently increased by 4.6 (SD 3.2)% after 7 weeks of training (P < 0.001) and returned to its initial level after 14 weeks of training. BMR was 7.6 (SD 7.0)% (P < 0.01) and 4.1 (SD 6.1)% (P = NS) higher after 7 and 14 weeks of training respectively, than before training. Likewise, diet-induced thermogenesis increased from 3.7 (SD 2.5) to 7.2 (SD 2.8)% energy intake after 7 weeks of training (P < 0.05), and returned to its initial level after 14 weeks of training (4.2 (SD 2.6)% energy intake). Despite these changes, energy expended during activities and the corresponding DEE did not vary throughout the training period. It was concluded that: (1) DEEFLC remained constant throughout the training period due to a compensatory decrease in free-living EEACT; (2) progressive endurance training induced a transient increase in sleeping metabolic rate, BMR and diet-induced thermogenesis after 7 weeks which was not reflected in the energy expended during activities and DEE.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

Bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements of total body water and extracellular water in healthy elderly subjects.

OBJECTIVE: To address whether: (1) bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) can provide precise and accurate estimates of total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) in healthy elderly subjects, that display age-induced changes in body composition, (2) BIA models are improved by introducing variables related to geometrical body-shape and osmolarity. DESIGN: Cross-validation of available BIA models and models developed in the study. SUBJECTS: 58 healthy elderly subjects (31 women, 27 men, 66.8+/-4.7 y, mean +/- s.d.) MEASUREMENTS: BIA at 5, 50 and 100 kHz, 18O labelled water measurements of TBW, Br measurements of ECW, anthropometric variables, plasma osmolarity. RESULTS: Published BIA models for estimating TBW, entail various degrees of bias. Precise models (SEE of the models 0.8 L at 100 kHz, 1.0 L at 50 kHz) involving height2/resistance, weight, gender, circumferences and plasma osmolarity were established with data from 30 subjects chosen at random. Cross-validation of an independent group (n = 28) showed no bias (-1.5+/-3.2 L at 100 kHz, -1.4+/-3.2 L at 50 kHz, P = NS). CONCLUSION: We conclude that BIA models with increased accuracy and precision for predicting ECW and TBW can be derived in healthy elderly subjects. Repeated measures had a mean difference of 0.2+/-1.2 L.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

A 5-min running field test as a measurement of maximal aerobic velocity.

Based on a theoretical approach from world record running data, we have previously calculated that the most suitable duration for measuring maximal aerobic velocity (Vamax) by a field test was 5 min (Vamax(5)). The aim of this study was, therefore, to check this hypothesis on 48 men of various levels of physical fitness by comparing (Vmax(5)) with (Vamax) determined at the last step of a progressive treadmill exercise test when the subject felt exhausted (Vamax(t)) and during a test on a running track, behind a cyclist (following an established protocol) (Vamax(c)). For each test, (VO2max) was also measured by a direct method on a treadmill (VO2max(1)) and calculated by an equation for field tests (VO2max(5) and VO2max(c)). The Vamax(5) [17.1 (SD 2.2) km.h-1] and (Vamax(c)) [(18.2 (SD 2.4) km.h-1] were significantly higher than (Vamax(t)) [16.9 (SD 2.6) km.h-1; P < 0.001]. The (Vamax(t)) was strongly correlated with (Vamax(5)) (r = 0.94) and (Vamax(c)) (r = 0.95) (P < 0.001). The best identity and correlation between (Vamax(5)) and track performances were found in the runners (n = 9) with experience over a distance of 3,000 m. The VO2max(5) and (VO2max(c)) were higher than VO2max(t) (+ 5.0% and + 13.7%, respectively; P < 0.001) and VO2max(t) was highly correlated with Vamax(5) (r = 0.90; P < 0.001). These results suggest that the 5-min field test, easy to apply, provided precise information on Vamax and to a lesser degree on VO2max.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Serum insulin-like growth factor I and physical performance in prepubertal Bolivian girls of a high and low socio-economic status.

The aim of the study was to determine if a decrease in serum insulin-like growth factor I (Igf-I) levels under marginal malnutrition is responsible for the lower physical performance of girls of a low socio-economic status (LSES). Girls were selected after physical examination (Tanner's stage 1) and anthropometric measurements (height, body mass or mb, body mass index or BMI = mb height2). Lean body mass mb,1 was measured after skinfold thickness determination; serum IGE-I, by radioimmunoassay; maximal O2 consumption, (VO2max), directly during incremental exercise up to exhaustion; and maximal aerobic power (Wmax), using the force-velocity test. LSES girls (n = 31) had been malnourished in the past and, currently, were suffering from marginal malnutrition: they were smaller (135.2 +/- 5.5 vs 146.1 +/- 4.3 cm), lighter (31.7 +/- 3.9 vs 37.6 +/- 5.0 kg), exhibited a lower mb,1 (24.2 +/- 2.5 vs 27.5 +/- 3.0 kg) but same BMI compared with HSES (high socio-economic status) girls (n = 32). Igf-I levels (27.7 +/- 7.9 vs 34.1 +/- 6.5 nmol.1(-1), VO2max (45.26 +/- 4.72 vs 50.74 +/- 6.02 ml. min-1.kg-1 LBM) and Wmax (6.00 +/- 1.15 vs 8.70 +/- 1.53 W.kg-1 mb,1 were lower in LSES girls. Moreover, the differences in every parameter were not the consequence of the younger age (10.8 +/- 0.9 vs 11.2 +/- 0.6 years) of the LSES girls. Our results provide evidence that the lower Wmax of undernourished prepubertal girls was partly the consequence of alterations in muscle function at the qualitative level, as a result of a decrease in Igf-I levels. Conversely, under normal nutritional conditions, anthropometric characteristics only are explicatory factors for physical performances.

Bolivia↗
PubMed1997

Effects of endurance training on the cardiovascular system and water compartments in elderly subjects.

The effects of endurance training on the water compartments and the cardiovascular system were determined in 10 elderly subjects [age 62 +/- 2 yr, pretraining maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max)/kg = 25 +/- 2 ml . min-1 . kg-1 body wt]. They trained on a cycloergometer 3 times/wk for 16 wk (50-80% VO2 max, then 80-85% VO2 max). They were checked at 8 wk, 16 wk, and 4 mo after detraining. Training improved VO2 max (+16%) and induced plasma volume expansion (+11%). No change in total body water, extracellular fluid, interstitial and intracellular fluid volumes, fat-free mass, and body weight was detected in this small sample with training. Body fat mass decreased (-2.1 +/- 2.2 kg). Echocardiography at rest showed increased fractional shortening and ejection fraction and decreased left ventricular end-systolic dimension (P < 0.05). Blood volume expansion correlates with cardiac contractility and has an impact on cardiac function. These improvements are precarious, however, and are completely lost after 4 mo of detraining, when elderly subjects lose the constraints and the social stimulation of the imposed protocol.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Effect of anthropometric characteristics and socio-economic status on physical performances of pre-pubertal children living in Bolivia at low altitude.

We have previously observed that 11-year-old children of low socio-economic status (LSES) showed a delayed physical growth of approximately 2 years and developed lower normalized short-term power output than children of high socio-economic status (HSES) of the same age. In contrast, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) per unit of fat free mass was no different in either group. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of anthropometric characteristics between HSES and LSES prepubertal children in aerobic and anaerobic performance. To compare children of the same body dimensions, 11-year-old boys (n = 30) and girls (n = 31) of LSES and 9-year-old boys (n = 21) and girls (n = 27) of HSES were studied. Anthropometric measurements, VO2max (direct test), maximal anaerobic power (Pmax, force-velocity test) and mean anaerobic power (P, Wingate test) were determined. In these children having the same body dimensions: mean VO2max were the same in LSES and HSES children [1.2 (SD 0.2) l.min-1]; Pmax and P were lower in LSES subjects [154.0 (SD 33.2) vs 174.6 (SD 38.4) W and 116.3 (SD 23.3) vs 128.2 (SD 28.0) W, respectively]; the linear relationships between VO2max and fat free mass were the same in LSES and HSES boys but, in the girls, the LSES group had lower values. For anaerobic performance, the relationships were significantly different: the slopes were the same but LSES values for the both sexes were lower. These results would suggest that factors other than differences in body dimensions alone were responsible for the lower performance of LSES girls and boys. Cultural factors and motor learning, structural and functional alterations of muscle induced by marginal malnutrition have been discussed.

Altitude↗
PubMed1996

Effect of altitude and socioeconomic status on VO2max and anaerobic power in prepubertal Bolivian girls.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of high altitude and low socioeconomic status (SES) on aerobic and anaerobic power in 11-yr-old Bolivian girls. At both high (3,600 m) and low (420 m) altitudes, low-SES groups of girls were compared to similarly aged, high-SES girls. At low altitude, low-SES girls were also compared with younger high-SES girls with the same anthropometric characteristics. Anthropometric data were similar between high-SES and low-SES girls at both altitudes, but low-SES girls showed a 9-mo growth delay. Maximal O2 uptake was significantly lower for low-SES girls at both altitudes. Values did not differ when expressed relative to body weight at high altitude for high-SES vs. low-SES girls (37.6 +/- 1.2 vs. 39.3 +/- 1.0 ml.min-1.kg body wt-1), but a difference persisted at low altitude between high- and low-SES girls (37.5 +/- 1.0 vs. 34.7 +/- 0.7 ml.min-1.kg body wt-1). Anaerobic power (Pmax, force-velocity test; Pwing, Wingate test) was reduced for low-SES girls at both altitudes, whatever the mode of expression. For a given SES, the relative anaerobic performances were lower at low altitude. At low altitude, low-SES girls developed lower anaerobic power than did younger high-SES girls with similar anthropometric characteristics. In conclusion, at both altitudes, the reduction of anaerobic performances observed in girls of low SES could not be totally explained by anthropometric factors. Structural and/or functional muscle alterations are suggested. Moreover, at low altitude, tropical and other factors may have contributed to differences in performance between low- and high-SES girls.

Altitude↗
PubMed1996

Heart rate recording method validated by whole body indirect calorimetry in 10-yr-old children.

The aim of the study was to validate the heart rate (HR) recording method against whole body indirect calorimetry in prepubertal children. Nineteen 10.5-yr-old healthy children (10 boys, 9 girls) participated in this study. HR and energy expenditure (EE) were recorded through laboratory tests. Individual relationships between HR and EE were computed (equation established in laboratory). Several models were tested and validated from 24-h measurements of EE and HR by whole body indirect calorimetry. The best fit was obtained with individual polynomial relationships. Mean differences between predicted (equation established in laboratory) and measured total daily EE averaged 7.6 +/- 20.1%. The causes of the differences and the means of improving the accuracy of the prediction equation are discussed.

Calorimetry, Indirect↗
PubMed1996

Interaction between cold and hypoxia on pulmonary circulation in COPD.

This study was designed to investigate the interaction of mild and localized cold exposure and hypoxia on pulmonary hemodynamics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nineteen patients with COPD were studied at sea level and seven at an altitude of 2,640 m. For all patients, pulmonary hemodynamic measurements were performed 10 min after insertion of a catheter in a femoral vein and following 10 min of cold exposure. Cold exposure was restricted to the forehead, and subjects breathed air at ambient temperature. Flow and temperature of air (1.5 L.s(-1), 5 degrees C) to the forehead were chosen to cool down the forehead skin to approximately 20 degrees C without discomfort for the subject. For the seven patients studied at high altitude, the same measurements were also performed after 5 min of oxygen supplementation with and without cold exposure. At sea level, an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) during cold exposure was inversely related to the initial PaO2. In six severe hypoxic subjects (PaO2 < 50 mm Hg), PVR increased by 24%. At high altitude, PVR was significantly increased by 15%. After O2 supplementation, cold exposure did not induce an increase in PVR. We concluded that mild and localized cold exposure to the forehead only induced an increase in PVR in COPD patients with severe hypoxia. Moreover, in cold exposure responders, O2 supplementation negated the effect of cold exposure on pulmonary hemodynamics.

Cold Temperature↗
PubMed1995

Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure and its components in prepubertal children as determined by whole-body indirect calorimetry and compared with young adults.

The aim of the present study was to compare total daily and circadian variations of energy expenditure (EE) in 21 prepubescent 10-y-old children (12 boys and 9 girls) and 18 23-y-old adults (9 men and 9 women) under the same conditions by using two large calorimetric chambers. The volunteers followed similar activity programs with four periods of exercise on a cyclergometer. Total daily and sleeping EE adjusted for differences in fat-free mass (FFM) and age were significantly higher in children than in adults by 35% and 27%, respectively (P < 0.001). EE during sleep decreased by 2% per hour in both age groups. Heart rate was significantly higher in girls than in boys. The energy cost of cycling, adjusted for differences in FFM and external mechanical power, was not significantly different in children and adults. The differences in EE between children and adults may partly result from a higher proportion of internal organs in the FFM.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Vasomotor effects of transcutaneous CO2 in stage II peripheral occlusive arterial disease.

Vasomotor effects of skin exposure to carbon dioxide (CO2) have been described in normal subjects. It was of interest, therefore, to determine whether percutaneous CO2 is of therapeutic benefit. In a randomized, double-blind study, 10 patients with lower limb arteriopathy (stage II) were investigated before and after local exposure for twenty minutes to CO2-rich spa gas or to water-vapor-saturated air at the same temperature as that CO2-rich spa gas. Brachial and femoral blood flows, brachial and posterior tibial artery pressures, heart rate, and chest and foot transcutaneous oxygen tensions (tcPO2) were determined. Femoral blood flow, tibial pressure, and foot tcPO2 were significantly increased after exposure of the skin to CO2-rich spa gas. This effect was not accompanied with systemic hemodynamic modifications. Water-vapor-saturated air had no effect. These results suggest that transfer of CO2 across the skin can have beneficial local vasomotor effects in patients with lower limb stage II arteriopathy.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1995

[Redox fluorometry study of corneal flavoproteins following hypoxia. Preliminary results].

PURPOSE: The cornea is frequently associated to hypoxia, whether during residence in the heights or more often when wearing contact lenses. To evaluate the corneal modifications induced by hypoxia at an infraclinical stage, we have used redox fluorometry that enables to study in vivo the metabolic response of the cells while measuring the fluorescence of the flavoproteins (FAD) of the corneal cells. METHODS: The variations of the corneal fluorescence were studied in 12 healthy subjects, before and after a topically-induced 5-minute corneal hypoxia, submitting 2 eyes to a prehumidified flow of nitrogen 100%. The results were compared to those found in the same subjects after exposure under the same conditions to an ambiant air flow (N2 = 69%; O2 = 21%). The measurements of the corneal fluorescence were carried out with the fluorophotometre Flurotron Master FM2. RESULTS: The authors did not find any statistically significant difference in the corneal fluorescence between the right and the left eyes of these 12 subjects, whether under normal conditions, under hypoxia, or under air flow (wilcoxon T-test, Friedman test). CONCLUSION: As there are no significant results, these authors suggest that the chosen exposure time, although sufficient in vitro to induce a modification of the fluorecence of the cellular flavoproteins, may be too "short" in vivo. The use of complementary filters with the FM2 system would yield more information. The study of these results led the authors to broaden their search whether by looking for conditions for general hypoxia (hypobarric box) or by increasing local hypoxia (contact lenses).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of physical fitness from field tests at high altitude in circumpubertal boys: comparison with laboratory data.

Field tests of running and laboratory tests were performed in La Paz [high altitude (HA), 3700 m] and in Clermont-Ferrand [low altitude (LA), 300 m] to investigate their validity at HA. Prepubertal boys of mean ages 10.6 years (HA1, n = 16; LA1, n = 28) and pubertal boys of 13.7 years (HA2, n = 12; LA2, n = 41) took part in the study. All the boys performed a 30-m sprint (V30m), a 30-s shuttle run (V30s) and a progressive shuttle run test until their maximal aerobic velocity (VmaxSRT). Maximal oxygen consumption was extrapolated from the last test (VO2maxSRT). In the laboratory, the boys performed a force-velocity test (Pmax), a Wingate test (PWing) and a graded test to measure maximal oxygen consumption (VO2maxB; direct method) on a cycle ergometer. At similar ages, there was no significant difference between HA and LA boys for V30m and Pmax. The V30s of HA boys was 3%-4% lower than those of LA boys (P < 0.05); there was no significant difference for PWing. Significant relationships were observed at both altitudes between Pmax (watts per kilogram) and V30m (HA: r = 0.76; LA: r = 0.84) and between PWing and V30s (HA: r = 0.67; LA: r = 0.77); the slopes and the origins were the same at HA and LA. The VO2max, VmasSRT and VO2maxB were lower by 9%, 12% and 20%, respectively, at HA than at LA (P < 0.05). However, the relationships between VO2maxB and VO2maxSRT (litres per minute) at HA (r = 0.88) and at LA (r = 0.93) were identical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The effect of acute hypoxia at low altitude and acute normoxia at high altitude on performance during a 30-s Wingate test in children.

The effect of acute hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.137 +/- 0.001) at Low Altitude (LA: Clermont-Ferrand, 330 m) and acute normoxia (FIO2 = 0.306 +/- 0.006) at High Altitude (HA: La Paz, 3600 m) on performance during a 30-s Wingate test has been investigated in prepubertal children (Tanner stage 1). Twenty five boys (LA, n = 10; HA, n = 15) aged from 10.6 to 12.7 years performed two Wingate tests at random: at LA, one in normoxia (ambient air) and one in acute hypoxia and at HA, one in chronic hypoxia (ambient air) and one in acute normoxia. The subjects performed the two tests using the same calibrated cycle ergometer. Peak Power (PP), Mean Power (MP), O2 uptake during the 30 s (VO2) and blood lactate accumulation (delta [L]s) were measured. Compared to normoxia, acute hypoxia at LA did not alter PP (8.0 +/- 1.1 vs 7.9 +/- 1.3 W.kg-1 BW) and MP (6.1 +/- 0.7 vs 6.1 +/- 1.1 W.kg-1 BW). Similarly, compared to chronic hypoxia, acute normoxia at HA did not modify these parameters (PP: 7.4 +/- 1.5 vs 7.3 +/- 1.8; MP: 5.4 +/- 1.2 vs 5.5 +/- 1.1; W.kg-1 BW). VO2 and delta [L]s were neither significantly changed by acute hypoxia at LA (520 +/- 50 vs 550 +/- 60 ml O2; 5.3 +/- 1.7 vs 4.8 +/- 1.7 mmol.l-1) nor by acute normoxia at HA (530 +/- 110 vs 500 +/- 90 ml O2; 3.4 +/- 1.3 vs 3.3 +/- 1.0 mmol.l-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Effect of chronic hypoxia and socioeconomic status on anaerobic power of 10- to 12-year-old Bolivian boys.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of chronic high altitude hypoxia and socioeconomic status on the anaerobic power, developed during short-term maximal exercises, of prepubertal Bolivian boys. We studied 67 prepubertal boys (9-12.6 years) at high altitude in La Paz (3600 m, Bolivia); 23 were from a high socioeconomic background (HAHSES) and 44 from a low socioeconomic background (HALSES). The group studied at low altitude in Santa Cruz de la Sierra (420 m, Bolivia) consisted of 78 boys of the same age; 30 were from a high (LAHSES) and 48 from a low (LALSES) socioeconomic background. Maximal anaerobic power (Pmax) was determined by a force-velocity test and mean anaerobic power (P) was measured by a 30-s Wingate test. The tests were realized at high and low altitude on the same calibrated cycle ergometer. At both high and low altitudes, Pmax expressed in absolute terms or relative to body weight were significantly higher in boys of high socioeconomic status (HAHSES: 6.8 +/- 1.0; LAHSES: 7.1 +/- 1.0 W.kg-1 BW) than in boys of low socioeconomic status (HALSES: 5.5 +/- 0.8; LALSES: 5.3 +/- 0.9 W.kg-1 BW). However, there was no significant difference between highland and lowland boys of the same socioeconomic class. The same observations were obtained for P (HAHSES: 5.2 +/- 0.8; HALSES: 4.5 +/- 0.9; LAHSES: 5.2 +/- 0.7; LALSES: 4 +/- 0.6 W.kg-1 BW). To conclude, boys of the same socioeconomic class at high and low altitude had the same anaerobic power. However, regardless of altitude, low socioeconomic status led to lower power developed during short-term maximal exercises.

Altitude↗