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J Curley

Publications and source records attributed to J Curley.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Mapping QTL for dollar spot resistance in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.).

Dollar spot caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F. T. Bennett is the most economically important turf disease on golf courses in North America. Dollar spot resistance in a creeping bentgrass cultivar would greatly reduce the frequency, costs, and environmental impacts of fungicide application. Little work has been done to understand the genetics of resistance to dollar spot in creeping bentgrass. Therefore, QTL analysis was used to determine the location, number and effects of genomic regions associated with dollar spot resistance in the field. To meet this objective, field inoculations using a single isolate were performed over 2 years and multiple locations using progeny of a full sib mapping population '549 x 372'. Dollar spot resistance seems to be inherited quantitatively and broad sense heritability for resistance was estimated to be 0.88. We have detected one QTL with large effect on linkage group 7.1 with LOD values ranging from 3.4 to 8.6 and explaining 14-36% of the phenotypic variance. Several smaller effect QTL specific to rating dates, locations and years were also detected. The association of the tightly linked markers with the LG 7.1 QTL based on 106 progeny was further examined by single marker analysis on all 697 progeny. The high significance of the QTL on LG 7.1 at a sample size of 697 (P < 0.0001), along with its consistency across locations, years and ratings dates, indicated that it was stable over environments. Markers tightly linked to the QTL can be utilized for marker-assisted selection in future bentgrass breeding programs.

Agrostis↗
PubMed2005

QTL mapping of resistance to gray leaf spot in ryegrass.

Gray leaf spot (GLS) is a serious fungal disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea, recently reported on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), an important turf grass and forage species. This fungus also causes rice blast and many other grass diseases. Rice blast is usually controlled by host resistance, but durability of resistance is a problem. Little GLS resistance has been reported in perennial ryegrass. However, greenhouse inoculations in our lab using one ryegrass isolate and one rice-infecting lab strain suggest presence of partial resistance. A high density linkage map of a three generation Italian x perennial ryegrass mapping population was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GLS resistance. Potential QTL of varying effect were detected on four linkage groups, and resistance to the ryegrass isolate and the lab strain appeared to be controlled by different QTL. Of three potential QTL detected using the ryegrass isolate, the one with strongest effect for resistance was located on linkage group 3 of the MFB parent, explaining between 20% and 37% of the phenotypic variance depending on experiment. Another QTL was detected on linkage group 6 of the MFA parent, explaining between 5% and 10% of the phenotypic variance. The two QTL with strongest effect for resistance to the lab strain were located on linkage groups MFA 2 and MFB 4, each explaining about 10% of the phenotypic variance. Further, the QTL on linkage groups 3 and 4 appear syntenic to blast resistance loci in rice. This work will likely benefit users and growers of perennial ryegrass, by setting the stage for improvement of GLS resistance in perennial ryegrass through marker-assisted selection.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2005

Chromosomal rearrangements differentiating the ryegrass genome from the Triticeae, oat, and rice genomes using common heterologous RFLP probes.

An restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-based genetic map of ryegrass (Lolium) was constructed for comparative mapping with other Poaceae species using heterologous anchor probes. The genetic map contained 120 RFLP markers from cDNA clones of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), and rice (Oryza sativa L.), covering 664 cM on seven linkage groups (LGs). The genome comparisons of ryegrass relative to the Triticeae, oat, and rice extended the syntenic relationships among the species. Seven ryegrass linkage groups were represented by 10 syntenic segments of Triticeae chromosomes, 12 syntenic segments of oat chromosomes, or 16 syntenic segments of rice chromosomes, suggesting that the ryegrass genome has a high degree of genome conservation relative to the Triticeae, oat, and rice. Furthermore, we found ten large-scale chromosomal rearrangements that characterize the ryegrass genome. In detail, a chromosomal rearrangement was observed on ryegrass LG4 relative to the Triticeae, four rearrangements on ryegrass LGs2, 4, 5, and 6 relative to oat, and five rearrangements on ryegrass LGs1, 2, 4, 5, and 7 relative to rice. Of these, seven chromosomal rearrangements are reported for the first time in this study. The extended comparative relationships reported in this study facilitate the transfer of genetic knowledge from well-studied major cereal crops to ryegrass.

Avena↗
PubMed1996

Prolonged regional nerve blockade. Injectable biodegradable bupivacaine/polyester microspheres.

BACKGROUND: Biodegradable microspheres are a useful method of drug delivery because they are both injectable and biodegradable, eliminating the need for surgical implantation or removal. Previous work has characterized implantable preparations of local anesthetics in polymer pellets for prolonged regional anesthesia. In this article, the authors characterize injectable suspensions of bupivacaine-polymer microspheres and examine whether they can produce prolonged blockade of the sciatic nerve in rats. METHODS: Microspheres were prepared using polylactic-co-glycolic acid polymers loaded with 75% w/w bupivacaine by a solvent evaporation method. Bupivacaine release from microspheres was determined in vitro by ultraviolet spectroscopy and scintillation counting. Sensory and motor blockade of the rat sciatic nerve were assessed in vivo after injection of microsphere suspensions. RESULTS: Depending on the type of microspheres, the dose, and the additive used, mean duration of sciatic nerve block ranged from 10 h to 5.5 days. Incorporation of 0.05% w/w dexamethasone into the microspheres resulted in significant prolongation of block (up to 13-fold), and only preparations that contained dexamethasone produced blocks lasting beyond 1 day. Bupivacaine was released in a controlled manner in vitro. Dexamethasone does not substantially slow bupivacaine release from microspheres in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged percutaneous blockade of peripheral nerves is feasible. The recovery from blockade is complete, and plasma bupivacaine levels are far below the range associated with systemic toxicity. The mechanisms underlying the dexamethasone block-prolonging effect are under investigation.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1996

Glucocorticoids prolong rat sciatic nerve blockade in vivo from bupivacaine microspheres.

BACKGROUND: Previous work showed that incorporation of dexamethasone (0.05 weight/weight percentage) into bupivacaine microspheres prolonged blockade by eight to 13 times compared with that produced by bupivacaine microspheres alone. The determinants of dexamethasone's block-prolonging effect were examined and reported here. METHODS: Polylactic-co-glycolic acid polymer microspheres (65/35) with 75 weight/weight percentage bupivacaine were prepared. Microspheres were injected adjacent to the rat sciatic nerve, and sensory and motor blockade were assessed. A procedure was developed to test drugs for block-prolonging ability in vivo by placing test drugs in the injection fluid along with a suspension of bupivacaine microspheres. RESULTS: Dexamethasone alone in suspension did not produce blockade, nor did it prolong blockade induced by aqueous bupivacaine. Bupivacaine microspheres (150 mg drug/kg rat weight) produced blockade for 6 to 10 h. Dexamethasone in the suspending solution of microspheres prolonged block by up to five times. Glucocorticoids prolonged block in proportion to glucocorticoid/antiinflammatory potency. The corticosteroid antagonist cortexolone inhibited dexamethasone's blockade-prolonging action. Durations of blockade with or without dexamethasone were unaltered by hydroxyurea-induced neutrophil depletion. Microspheres were extracted from rats at time points ranging from 7 h to 7 days, and residual microsphere dry weight and bupivacaine content were similar in groups of rats injected with either bupivacaine microspheres or bupivacaine microspheres containing dexamethasone, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Glucocorticoids prolong blockade from bupivacaine microspheres. The mechanism appears unrelated to the kinetics of bupivacaine release in vivo.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1992

Tissue localization of methotrexate-monoclonal-IgM immunoconjugates: anti-SSEA-1 and MOPC 104E in mouse teratocarcinomas and normal tissues.

Methotrexate (MTX) was coupled to the tumor-targeting monoclonal IgM, anti-SSEA-1 and the non-targeting myeloma IgM, MOPC 104E. At 24-h intervals following injection, drug deposition in MH-15 teratocarcinomas and in several normal tissues was followed by immunoperoxidase microscopy using the M16 monoclonal antibody to MTX. MTX-anti-SSEA-1 was deposited on the surface and in the interior of living tumor cells 24 h after injection; at 48 h and after, only low-level binding to necrotic tissue was found. There was no significant gradation in staining from the outside to the interior of the tumors. In tumors, the control MOPC 104E immunoconjugate was detectable only in necrotic tissue. Binding to SSEA-1-expressing normal tissues was undetectable, except for pericryptal fibroblasts in the small intestine. No significant pathology was found in normal tissues that are SSEA-1 positive. High levels of the immunoconjugate were detected in the liver, where MTX was found predominantly in Kupffer cells and possibly in hepatocytes; again, no significant morphological changes were associated with this retention. Thus tumor-associated antigens can be suitable targets for antibody-drug conjugates even when present in normal tissues and in large quantities, provided that the antigens in normal tissues are inaccessible. Moreover, deposition in viable tumor tissue can be assessed using monoclonal antibodies to methotrexate.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A retrospective review of undifferentiated malignancy in childhood.

We reviewed the experience of children with "undifferentiated" cancer at The Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (CHP) from 1971 through 1987. Of 2,095 patients 0-18 years old with diagnoses during that time of any cancer, the initial CHP pathology report rendered a diagnosis in 22 children (1.1%) of "undifferentiated malignancy" or "malignant tumor" (15 cases), "undifferentiated carcinoma" (two cases) or "anaplastic tumor or carcinoma" not otherwise specified (five cases). A review of pathologic findings using current methods and immunostaining led to the assignment of a specific diagnosis in 15 of the 20 cases so studied. Thus, the incidence of undifferentiated cancer by current criteria was reduced to no more than 0.23%. Two of the five tumors for which an alternative diagnosis could not be established were described as "rhabdoid," but because it is not clear that these tumors fit into a single category they were still considered to be undifferentiated. Clinical features and management of the 22 cases including the five persistently diagnosed as undifferentiated malignancy were heterogeneous. In the face of reassigned diagnoses, a number of patients would likely have received different chemotherapy as well as radiation. Nonetheless, seven patients with malignancy show no evidence of disease (NED), including several whose therapy, given the current best diagnosis, would not be considered to have been optimal. We recommend that for patients undergoing biopsy of a tumor, sufficient material be obtained for extensive pathologic evaluation. In this way, the diagnosis of undifferentiated malignancy in children can be almost eliminated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Vancomycin and tobramycin in the treatment of CAPD peritonitis.

Seventy-five episodes of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) peritonitis were studied during a 1 year period at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham. When two simple culture methods were used in parallel, the causative organisms were identified in 97% of cases. Nearly two thirds of episodes of peritonitis were caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (C-NS), many of which were multiply antibiotic-resistant. On the basis of detailed antibiotic sensitivities, intraperitoneal vancomycin and tobramycin were chosen for the initial treatment of CAPD peritonitis. With this regime, a cure was achieved in 32 of 38 episodes, compared with 15 of 27 episodes when cefuroxime was used. All but 1 of 24 episodes caused by C-NS were cured by vancomycin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Ice age ulcers.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Policy lessons from children's allowances for children's savings accounts.

This article examines the history and current structure of children's allowances around the world as well as the history of such allowances in the United States in an effort to provide the United States with a policy framework for children's savings accounts. The authors also provide policy direction for children's savings accounts.

Aid to Families with Dependent Children↗