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Biomedical subjects

J D Fulton

Publications and source records attributed to J D Fulton.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Lowered prevalence of infection with lactulose therapy in patients in long-term hospital care.

Over a 6-month, retrospective study period, regular lactulose therapy resulted in a significant reduction in the prevalence of UTIs when compared to a control group receiving no lactulose (P less than 0.005). The overall number of patients contracting infections was also reduced (P less than 0.25). There was a parallel reduction in the prescription of antibiotics (P less than 0.05) and in the number of patients requiring antibiotic therapy (P less than 0.005). There was no alteration in faecal continence with lactulose therapy and no urinary catheters were used in either group. In two additional groups of patients, low dose lactulose therapy for 6 months and a shorter duration of lactulose therapy for under 2 months, had no significant effect on the prevalence of UTIs. This study was retrospective and the results were both unexpected and do not explain the mode of action of lactulose. A controlled prospective study involving larger patient numbers is required before any realistic therapeutic recommendations can be made.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Unrecognized viscus perforation in the elderly.

Thirty-four consecutive patients with unrecognized intra-abdominal perforation were identified from post-mortem records and retrospective analysis was undertaken. The common factors that appeared to contribute to the missed diagnoses included obesity (50%), communication difficulty (33%) and previous abdominal surgery (38%). In addition, symptoms and signs may have been obscured in those patients receiving analgesics (26%), steroids (21%) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy (44%). Cardiopulmonary presentation (79%) and the absence of free intraperitoneal gas on conventional radiology also may have diverted clinical attention. Elderly obese women appeared to be at particular risk and the diagnosis should be considered especially in the presence of associated, unexplained tachycardia (38%), hypotension (59%) or pyrexia (29%) as gastro-intestinal perforation remains a potentially curable condition.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Phenytoin monitoring: clinical or scientific?

Phenytoin is an established therapy for post-herpetic neuralgia. In order to maintain serum phenytoin levels in the normal therapeutic range, serum phenytoin monitoring is required. This range may, however, be misleading in certain clinical conditions. We report here a patient with hypoalbuminaemia who developed marked clinical phenytoin toxicity despite maintenance of the serum total phenytoin concentration within the therapeutic range.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

The effect of chronic prazosin therapy on the response of the renin-angiotensin system in patients with essential hypertension.

Changes in plasma active and inactive renin and angiotensin II in response to tilt and intravenous frusemide were assessed in ten patients with essential hypertension, before treatment and again during chronic therapy with the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin. During prazosin treatment blood pressure in the patients fell from mean levels 172/108 mmHg to 149/88 mmHg (P less than 0.05). Both before and during prazosin, tilt and frusemide each led to significant elevation of plasma active renin (P less than 0.001) and angiotensin II (P less than 0.05). Inactive renin tended to fall with tilt, and fell significantly following frusemide (P less than 0.05). Active renin (P less than 0.05) and angiotensin II (P less than 0.01) were lower 15 hours after dosing during chronic prazosin therapy than before treatment, but changes after tilt and frusemide were not attenuated during treatment. Chronic prazosin administration does not appear substantially to affect changes in active renin or angiotensin II in response to two standard stimuli, and may be useful in controlling hypertensive patients pending investigation of their renin-angiotensin system.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Intravascular haemolysis and acute renal failure induced by nomifensine.

Nomifensine is a widely used antidepressant agent with few side-effects but haemolytic anaemia with acute renal failure has been reported with both intermittent therapeutic dosage and self-inflicted overdose. We report here a case of acquired immune haemolytic anaemia with acute renal failure induced by second exposure to a single capsule of nomifensine.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1966

Microorganisms of the upper atmosphere. I. Instrumentation for isokinetic air sampling at altitude.

An aircraft-mounted air-sampling system for the collection of microorganisms from the upper air is described. The system is highly suitable for use in upper air sampling from an aircraft because (i) it is an isokinetic system, (ii) it is simple to operate, (iii) it employs a dry filter, (iv) the volume sampled can be easily determined, and (v) it operates efficiently at all altitudes and ambient temperatures.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1966

Microorganisms of the upper atmosphere. II. Microorganisms in two types of air masses at 690 meters over a city.

The viable micropopulation found, at altitude over a city, in a land air mass was significantly higher than that found in a marine-influenced air mass. The percentage distribution of bacteria and fungi was approximately equal in both types of air masses. This indicates that, under the conditions of the experiment, the marine air mass was influenced by the land area over which it traveled during passage from its source to the sampling area. Activities taking place within the city significantly increased the micropopulation at altitude. This increase was quantitatively so small that it was not identifiable when the micropopulation moving into the city was high-as in a land air mass-but was recognizable when the micropopulation was low-as in a marine-influenced air mass. The modification of the micropopulation at altitude by temperature inversions was shown.

Air Microbiology↗