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Biomedical subjects

J D Gass

Publications and source records attributed to J D Gass.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Further observations concerning the diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis syndrome.

Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) is a clinical syndrome characterized early by visual loss, vitritis, papillitis, and recurrent crops of gray-white retinal lesions and later by progressive visual loss, optic atrophy, retinal vessel narrowing, and diffuse pigment epithelial degeneration. Evidence is presented that it is caused by a nematode that is probably not Toxocara canis; that at least two nematodes of different sizes are involved; that there are at least two endemic areas for the disease; that these areas are related to the size of the nematode; that the nematode may remain viable in the eye for three years or longer and cause progressive ocular damage; that thiabendazole and diethylcarbamazine citrate are ineffective therapeutically; and that photocoagulation is effective in destroying the nematode. Surgical excision of the nematode was attempted in two patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Multiple choroidal osteomas developing in association with recurrent orbital inflammatory pseudotumor.

Multiple choroidal osteomas developed in a 10-year-old black girl during recurrent episodes of bilateral orbital inflammatory pseudotumor, mild endophthalmitis, and a transient period of mild secondary hyperparathyroidism. The preponderance of these tumors in girls and women suggests that sex hormones may play a role in their pathogenesis; in our case, inflammation also seems to have been an important factor.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Idiopathic vitritis.

Vitritis is a relatively common clinical finding, and a significant number of patients present with vitritis as the major or only finding. The records of 199 patients coded "vitritis" at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute were reviewed. Forty-seven patients fit in the category of "idiopathic vitritis" and formed a relatively distinct group of predominantly elderly woman who complained of floaters or blurred vision. The visual acuities were usually good and the anterior segments were generally normal. They had diffuse bilateral vitreous inflammation and either a normal fundus or reactive changes such as cystoid macular edema or preretinal "cellophane" membranes. Extensive medical evaluations were usually unremarkable. This study helps identify a group of patients with a typical presentation and rather characteristic eye findings. Additional work will be necessary to establish the pathogenesis, the natural course, and the efficacy of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Uveal effusion syndrome. A new hypothesis concerning pathogenesis and technique of surgical treatment.

It is hypothesized that the primary underlying cause of the idiopathic uveal effusion syndrome is a congenital anomaly of the sclera, and in some cases, the vortex veins. Superimposed aging and hormonal changes in the sclera and its emmissary channels impair its permeability to protein and predispose the eye to vortex vein obstruction. The inability of the eye to transport extravascular protein across the abnormal sclera is probably the cause of prolonged exudative detachment of the uvea and retina in these patients. Partial thickness sclerectomies and sclerostomies without choroidal puncture in each quadrant near the equator caused prompt resolution of long-standing uveal and bullous retinal detachment in two eyes.

Choroid↗
PubMed1983

Uveal effusion syndrome: a new hypothesis concerning pathogenesis and technique of surgical treatment.

It is hypothesized that the primary underlying cause of the idiopathic uveal effusion syndrome is a congenital anomaly of the sclera, and in some cases, the vortex veins. Superimposed aging and hormonal changes in the sclera and its emissary channels impair its permeability to protein and predispose the eye to vortex vein obstruction. The inability of the eye to transport extravascular protein across the abnormal sclera is probably the cause of prolonged exudative detachment of the uvea and retina in these patients. Partial thickness sclerectomies and sclerostomies without choroidal puncture in each quadrant near the equator caused prompt resolution of long-standing uveal and bullous retinal detachment in two eyes.

Choroid↗
PubMed1982

Idiopathic juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasis.

Twenty-seven healthy adult patients had visual loss in one or both eyes because of exudation from juxtafoveolar retinal capillary telangiectasis of uncertain cause. These patients were subdivided as follows: group 1, men with uniocular involvement, intraretinal lipid exudation, and telangiectasis largely confined to the temporal half of the juxtafoveolar area; group 2, mostly men with symmetric areas of telangiectasis affecting the temporal half of the juxtafoveolar areas and minimal intraretinal exudation; group 3, both sexes with symmetric involvement of all of the parafoveolar capillary bed an minimal exudation; and group 4, one case of telangiectasis with occlusive perifoveolar capillary changes and familial optic disc pallor. The visual acuity prognosis in groups 1 through 3 is relatively good. Photocoagulation may be of some value in the treatment of patients in group 1.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Atypical serpiginous choroiditis.

Patients with serpiginous choroiditis may demonstrate atypical features. In this series 14 (56%) of 53 patients demonstrated either active choroidal neovascularization (13%) or disciform macular scarring (13%). Despite a slight excess of male subjects, five of seven patients with active choroidal neovascularization were female. Three had bilateral disciform disease. All patients with this complication had visual acuity of 6/60 or less. None were able to be successfully treated by photocoagulation. One patient had secondary branch venous obstruction peripherally, associated with retinal neovascularization. Patients with serpiginous choroiditis are at risk of losing central vision from either an acute active lesion in the macula or choroidal neovascularization occurring at the margin of an inactive chorioretinal scar. Serial examination at regular intervals is recommended to rule out the development of possibly treatable choroidal neovascularization in patients with serpiginous choroiditis.

Choroid↗
PubMed1982

Sympathetic ophthalmia following vitrectomy.

A survey of 26 eye pathology laboratories for a five-year period ending in 1980 disclosed that sympathetic ophthalmia occurred in two of every 1,000 eyes examined. Of the 53 eyes with sympathetic ophthalmia, 29 (55%) had posttraumatic and 24 (45%) had postsurgical sympathetic ophthalmia. Ten of the 53 eyes (19%) had undergone one or more operations that included vitrectomy. Sympathetic ophthalmia developed after surgery in eight of the ten eyes and after accidental trauma in the other two. A survey of 34 retinal surgeons who had done 14,915 vitrectomies (10,000 of which were estimated to have been done in eyes with no other penetrating wound) disclosed that sympathetic ophthalmia occurred in nine patients (an incidence of 0.06%). In one of these, the only operative procedure and penetrating wound was a vitrectomy (an incidence of 0.01%). The risk of sympathetic ophthalmia after a vitrectomy alone in an eye without a previous penetrating wound is approximately the same as that for other surgical procedures involving penetration of the uveal tract. The risk increases if vitrectomy is accompanied by accidental penetrating wounds or other surgical procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Outer retina ischemic infarction--a newly recognized complication of cataract extraction and closed vitrectomy. Part 2. An animal model.

Intraocular pressure was artificially elevated above systolic blood pressure in 40 owl monkey eyes. Diffuse retinal whitening of the posterior pole and subsequent retinal pigment epithelial disruption were produced in nine of ten eyes with high pressure for 90 minutes or longer, but also in a few eyes with high pressure for a shorter duration. Fluorescein angiography and histologic examination demonstrated damage of the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium with sparing of the inner retinal layers. This animal model duplicates the acute visual loss due to outer retinal infarction that sometimes occurs after closed vitrectomy or after continuous external ocular compression in preparation for surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Outer retinal ischemic infarction--a newly recognized complication of cataract extraction and closed vitrectomy. Part 1. A case report.

This report describes a peculiar syndrome occurring as a complication of cataract extraction. The syndrome is characterized initially by (1) acute loss of central and paracentral vision discovered usually on the first postoperative day; (2) diffuse and patchy whitening of the outer retinal layers in the posterior fundus; (3) normal angiographic retinal and choroidal appearance and circulation time; (4) a peculiar polygonal pattern of fluorescein staining of the pigment epithelium and outer retina in the area of retinal whitening, and followed later by (5) clearing of the retinal whitening and mottled changes in the pigment epithelium; (6) partial recovery of the central visual field; and (7) preservation of normal optic disc and retinal vessel caliber. Prolonged elevation of the intraocular pressure sufficient to obstruct choroidal blood flow occurring during the use of intraocular volume-reducing devices before surgery, during phakoemulsification or closed vitrectomy is postulated as the major cause of this complication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Part 1: Clinical manifestations.

The acute retinal necrosis syndrome is characterized by necrotizing retinitis, vitritis, and retinal vasculitis occurring in otherwise healthy patients. Experience with 11 cases and the review of 30 additional cases in the literature are presented. In this series, 50% of the affected eyes developed retinal detachments, and 64% had a final visual acuity of less than 20/200. The natural history, diagnosis, postulated etiology, and suggestions for management will be discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Radial chorioretinal folds. A sign of choroidal neovascularization.

A radial pattern of chorioretinal folds surrounding the margins of a localized macular detachment occurred in four patients with drusen of Bruch's membrane. Biomicroscopic and angiographic findings suggested that contraction of a subpigment epithelial choroidal neovascular membrane caused a focal area of shrinkage, or puckering, of the choroid and a series of chorioretinal folds radiating outward from the edge of the membrane. In two eyes, these radial folds developed early in the course of the macular detachment before any other reliable biomicroscopic signs of choroidal neovascularization were present.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Vitiliginous chorioretinitis.

Eleven patients had a syndrome characterized by (1) onset, in apparently healthy patients, usually women in the third to sixth decade of life, of floaters and photopsia, blurred vision, and often followed later by night blindness and color blindness, (2) vitreous inflammation, (3) multifocal patches of depigmentation of the choroid and the pigment epithelium in the postequatorial fundi, (4) varying degrees of retinal edema and papilledema, narrowing of the retinal vessels, and mild optic atrophy, (5) moderate to severe electroretinographic findings, and (6) a variable rate of progression and severity, but with a tendency toward stabilization and preservation of good central vision in at least one eye. "Vitiliginous chorioretinitis" was chosen as the name for this syndrome because of the similarity of the appearance and evolution of the patches of choroidal depigmentation to that occurring in the skin of patients with vitiligo.

Adult↗