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Biomedical subjects

J D Gay

Publications and source records attributed to J D Gay.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Comparison of clindamycin, metronidazole, and penicillin for the treatment of experimental infections in mice caused by beta-lactamase-producing Bacteroides intermedius.

Turbid saline suspensions (0.35 ml, approximately 10(9) organisms) of a strain of beta-lactamase-producing Bacteroides intermedius were injected subcutaneously into the right groin of ICR male mice. Therapeutic intraperitoneal doses of clindamycin, metronidazole, or penicillin were administered 4 hr later, and thereafter at successive 8-hr intervals for a total of 12 doses. Necropsy with culture of the infection site was performed 4 hr after the final dose. None of 10 clindamycin-treated animals and none of 10 metronidazole-treated animals developed abscesses, and all cultures taken from the injection sites were sterile. Eight of 10 (80%) penicillin-treated animals developed subcutaneous abscesses; B. intermedius was recovered in pure cultures from all abscesses at necropsy. Nine of 10 (90%) untreated control animals inoculated with the same beta-lactamase-producing B. intermedius strain developed abscesses, all of which were culture-positive. The data indicate that treatment with clindamycin and metronidazole prevented the formation of subcutaneous abscesses in mice inoculated with a beta-lactamase-producing strain of B. intermedius. On the other hand, penicillin failed to prevent the formation of abscesses, 80% of which grew the inoculated organism.

Abscess↗
PubMed1986

Wolfram (DIDMOAD) syndrome: a complex long-term problem in management.

We describe five patients with Wolfram syndrome (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness). Three of the patients appear to have had very gradual onset of diabetes mellitus at an early age yet all patients when tested for C-peptide response to glucagon were severely deficient. All patients are registered blind from primary optic atrophy, two have severe hearing difficulties and three high tone sensorineural hearing loss on audiometry. Four patients have cranial diabetes insipidus which in two cases is partial and of gradual onset and was attributed to poor control of the diabetes mellitus. In one case treatment of the insipidus relieved enuresis. All five patients have evidence of dilatation of the urinary tract and one patient is managed in the long-term by self-catheterisation which has resulted in one episode of bacteraemia. One patient has marked testicular atrophy and investigation reveals this to be due to primary hypogonadism and not to hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. One female patient had her menarche delayed until the age of 19 years but has subsequently had the only successful pregnancy in a patient with this syndrome of which we are aware.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Sodium fluoride in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Twenty-five patients treated with sodium fluoride, calcium, and Vitamin D (183 person-years of observation) and 24 patients treated with calcium and Vitamin D alone (107 person-years of observation) were compared. The incidence of vertebral fracture was reduced (p less than 0.01) only in the 8 fluoride treated patients who developed radiographic fluorosis. These 8 patients were younger and closer to menopause than those who did not develop fluorosis. Femoral fracture could not be shown to be related to fluoride treatment, but interval from menopause and fall in metacarpal index were found to be useful predictors of this event.

Calcium↗
PubMed1985

Entamoeba polecki infection in Southeast Asian refugees: multiple cases of a rarely reported parasite.

Recently, Entamoeba polecki was identified for the first time in our parasitology laboratory in stool specimens from eight Southeast Asian refugees. This ameba has been reported infrequently in the Western world; most reported cases have been from the New Guinea region. In most previously described patients and in our patients, no definite gastrointestinal symptoms could be directly attributed to E. polecki infection. Morphologically, E. polecki may mimic the pathogen E. histolytica and also nonpathogens such as E. coli. These species are most readily distinguished by studying encysted forms. In contrast to E. histolytica and E. coli, E. polecki characteristically has uninucleate cysts. Both pigs and monkeys naturally harbor E. polecki, but four of the patients in this series had no apparent contact with these animals. Other modes of infection may be human-to-human transmission or acquisition from other domestic animals. Six of our eight patients were treated successfully with one course of metronidazole in a regimen similar to that used for E. histolytica infection. In the two other patients, repeated courses of therapy eradicated the infection. Because of the recent increase in number of Southeast Asian immigrants to the United States, E. polecki may be identified more frequently than in the past. Physicians and laboratory personnel should be familiar with this organism, because it may be confused with E. histolytica or may act as a pathogen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of processing techniques for detection of Pneumocystis carinii cysts in open-lung biopsy specimens.

Methenamine silver stain was used to compare the number of cysts of Pneumocystis carinii contained in lung concentrate smears of homogenized lung tissue with the number in impression smears. Results were also compared with histopathological examination of methenamine silver-stained paraffin-embedded sections. Of slides from 23 preparations, a greater number of cysts were contained in concentrate smears than in impressions (P less than 0.001). In four preparations, cysts were noted in concentrate smears only. All concentrate smears were positive, whereas 11 of the 23 histopathological sections were negative (P less than 0.01). The ability to detect the cyst phase of P. carinii in lung tissue is enhanced by the use of concentrate smears.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1984

In vitro activities of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. avium complex, M. chelonei, M. fortuitum, and M. kansasii.

The activities of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin against 100 mycobacteria isolates were studied in vitro by the 1% standard proportion method. Ciprofloxacin was more active against M. tuberculosis and M. fortuitum with MICs of 1.0 and 0.25 microgram/ml, respectively, against 90% of isolates; norfloxacin had MICs of 8.0 and 2.0 micrograms/ml, respectively, against 90% of isolates.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1974

Radial fracture as an indicator of osteoporosis: a 10-year follow-up study.

Of 136 patients studied at an average of 10.6 years after a distal radial fracture, 37.6% of the 109 women and 7.4% of the 27 men suffered a subsequent fracture. "Osteoporosis-related" fractures accounted for the majority of subsequent fractures sustained by the women. The prognostic significance of distal radial fracture in the adult female is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1972

Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism with impaired vitamin B 12 absorption and neuropathy.

A 68-year-old man presenting with chronic intermittent diarrhea and progressive ataxia was found to have idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. Intrinsic factor-resistant vitamin B(12) malabsorption was demonstrated. Both the diarrhea and vitamin malabsorption were reversed by correction of hypocalcemia.His neurological profile was a combination of peripheral nerve, posterior column and cerebellar deficits. He had calcifications in the dentate nuclei of the cerebellum. Possible etiological factors such as vitamin B(12) deficiency, folic acid deficiency and steatorrhea have been excluded. Posterior column and cerebellar abnormalities improved with treatment. It is postulated that hypocalcemia causes functional, reversible spinal cord and cerebellar dysfunction.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

False-negative results in cervical cytologic studies.

The appropriate interval between cervical cytologic screening studies is a matter of considerable controversy, with a major consideration being the problem of false-negative results. To determine the rate of false-negative cervical cytologic results in our laboratory and to determine how these failures occur, tissue-proven cases of carcinoma in situ, invasive squamous-cell carcinoma, endocervical adenocarcinoma and lymphoid malignancy involving the cervix with negative Papanicolaou smears obtained within one year prior to the tissue diagnosis were reviewed. Over the four-year period from 1980 through 1983, 339 patients had tissue-proven cervical malignancies. Of these, 66 had false-negative Papanicolaou smears, representing a 20% overall false-negative rate. These false-negative smears were rescreened. For all types of cervical malignancy, the majority of errors were due to sampling. No malignancy was missed disproportionately by either cytotechnologists or cytopathologists. We plan to utilize these data for quality control purposes and for continued review of future performance.

Cervix Uteri↗