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J D Noll

Publications and source records attributed to J D Noll.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

The effects of semantic and phonemic prestimulation cues on picture naming in aphasia.

In this study of auditory prestimulation cues, picture naming performances under phonemic and semantic conditions were compared to picture naming performance under a neutral condition. Twenty aphasic subjects named 324 pictures (108 pictures x 3 conditions) each. Responses were scored using a coding system adapted by the investigator from classification systems used by Williams and Canter (1982) and Kohn and Goodglass (1985). Results indicated that naming accuracy was facilitated by phonemic and semantic cues. An examination of the distribution of errors under the three conditions revealed systematic effects of phonemic and semantic cues on the frequency of occurrence of specific error types. Increases in semantic paraphasia proportion scores and decreases in unrelated word error proportion scores were associated with the semantic condition, while increases in phonemic paraphasia proportion scores were associated with the phonemic condition. The finding that naming performance of aphasic adults varies as a function of the type of information provided by the cue is discussed in relation to cascade visual confrontation naming models.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Gesture recognition in patients with aphasia.

This study focuses on the controversial issue of the integrity of gestural communication abilities in subjects with aphasia. To define the ability of subjects to interpret symbolic gestures, an Amer-Ind Recognition Test (ART) was developed which required no verbal response from the examiner or the subject. The relationships between impairment of Amer-Ind signal recognition and (a) severity of aphasia, (b) listening and talking abilities and (c) the type of response picture used were investigated. Whether subjects more often chose related foils than unrelated foils in a forced-choice format was also examined. Two training tests and the ART are described. Results from administration to 15 aphasic subjects indicated that: (a) all subjects performed equally well, regardless of their aphasia severity classification; (b) action picture recognition was related to listening ability; (c) action pictures were easier to identify than object pictures; and (d) on error responses, subjects overwhelmingly chose related over unrelated foils. The possibility that gestural abilities were relatively well preserved among the subjects tested, in the presence of a wide range of listening and talking deficits, is also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

TONAR calibration: a brief note.

Measurements were made of the frequency response characteristics of the microphone-separator components of TONAR II instrumentation. The results of our calibration studies revealed 1) appreciable non-uniformity in frequency response of the two microphones, 2) a considerable degree of mismatch in frequency response between the microphones and, 3) dynamic interactions among microphone, separator cavity, and talker cavity resonant characteristics. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications regarding the validity of TONAR II based nasalance ratio measures.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1978

Auditory semantic, syntactic, and retention errors made by aphasic subjects on the Token Test.

The Token Test was administered to 25 mild aphasic and 25 matched normal subjects for the purpose of determining the linguistic nature of the auditory verbal comprehension error responses. As was expected, the aphasic subjects obtained significantly poorer scores on the Token Test than did the normal subjects, with minimal overlap between the two groups. In Parts I-IV, the errors were exclusively semantic, and reflected only the amount of required verbal memory. In Part V, the syntactic structures vary, and the aphasic subjects showed a similar pattern of difficulty as did the normal subjects. Syntactic errors were more prevalent than semantic errors in Part V, suggesting that syntactic complexity was the most important factor in verbal comprehension on this part. In comparison to previous research utilizing the Token Test with normal children, the aphasic subjects in the present study generally had high error rates on the same items as did the children.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Performance of normal six- and seven-year-old males on oral manometer tasks.

An assessment was made of oral manometric performance of normal speaking six- and seven-year-old boys. Readings of maximum, sustained, positive and negative pressure with bleed and nostrils occluded and open were obtained from each of forty subjects. It was found that the majority of normal speaking six- and seven-year-old boys had considerable difficulty generating and maintaining stable, maximal positive and negative pressure upon repeated trials of each of four manometric tasks. The findings of this project support the general hypothesis that oral manometric ratio data may be of questionable diagnostic value in predicting velopharyngeal adequacy for speech, particularly if ratio data must be interpreted dichotomously. The observations made were interpreted to support the view that there may be substantial differences even within the normal population in the ability to perform manometric tasks. The present results suggest that operational procedures commonly used during manometric testing merit rigorous scrutiny, re-examination and analysis.

Child↗