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Biomedical subjects

J D O'Brien

Publications and source records attributed to J D O'Brien.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Controlled trial of small bipolar probe in bleeding peptic ulcers.

204 of 460 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding admitted to a busy district hospital were found to be bleeding from peptic ulcers or to have signs of recent haemorrhage at endoscopy within 24 h of admission. To determine if the small bipolar probe could stop bleeding or rebleeding, patients were allocated to electrocoagulation (101) or not (103); other aspects of treatment were identical. Groups were stratified by ulcer site to give similar numbers in each. To allow for differences in sex, age, initial haemoglobin, presence of other diseases, and shock, data were analysed by logistic regression. Fewer patients in the treated group (17) continued to bleed or rebled compared with controls (34). Rebleeding and mortality rates in the treated group were higher early in the trial, suggesting the need for experience in application of the probe. Further improvements in technology and technique may result in significant reductions in mortality.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Influence of the oropharyngeal microflora on the measurement of exhaled breath hydrogen.

We investigated the possible contribution made by oropharyngeal microfloral fermentation of ingested carbohydrate to the generation of the early, transient exhaled breath hydrogen rise seen after carbohydrate ingestion. Ten subjects ate or were sham fed carbohydrate-containing meals with and without prior chlorhexidine mouthwash during serial collection of exhaled breath and mouth hydrogen samples. Meal ingestion and sham feeding both induced significant (p less than 0.01) elevations of breath and mouth hydrogen that were virtually abolished by prior chlorhexidine mouthwash. In 7 subjects, delivery of the meal directly into the stomach via an orogastric tube did not cause a breath or mouth hydrogen rise. Oral contents incubated anaerobically in vitro with carbohydrate generated hydrogen that was again inhibited by chlorhexidine. These studies indicate that fermentation of ingested carbohydrate by oropharyngeal bacteria can contribute significantly to measured breath hydrogen values soon after meal ingestion, and may introduce avoidable error into the interpretation of serial breath hydrogen data.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A learning disability screening program in a public school.

The outline of screening program for learning disabilities in a public school is presented in this paper. The screening program consisted of four standardized measures (Information Subtest of the WPPSI, SEARCH, Evanston Early Identification Scale, Bender-Gestalt) and six of the clinical observations suggested by Ayres. Forty-three kindergarten and first graders (25 males, 18 females) were tested and each child was categorized as low, moderate, or high risk for learning disabilities on each of the measures. Approximately 10 percent of the children were identified as at high risk for learning disabilities, but the children did not perform at the same risk level on all measures. A factor analysis of the four measures and six observations revealed that three factors prevailed in this screening program; cognitive abilities, fine motor control, and reflex integration. This analysis also indicated the importance of assessing neurophysiological immaturity in a screening program. The implications of the categories used are discussed.

Aptitude Tests↗
PubMed1979

Families of manic-depressive patients: effect of treatment.

The authors studied the families of 12 patients with bipolar manic-depressive illness. They measured family stability using a life events scale for a 2-year period before lithium treatment and for 2 years during lithium treatment. The patients responded well to treatment; they were able to resume normal roles within the family. The life events scores decreased substantially during treatment in comparison with before treatment. The most severe impact of the illness was found in the children: 45% (N = 10) were moderately ill or symptomatic. The authors discuss the effect of manic-depressive illness on the family system as a whole and emphasize the need to combine psychosocial treatment with lithium treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improved performance of progeny of broiler parent chickens vaccinated with infectious bursal disease oil-emulsion vaccine.

Field trials were conducted on nine broiler chicken flocks, which were the progeny of parents vaccinated with inactivated infectious bursal disease (IBD) oil-emulsion vaccine (OEV). The average increase in overall weight gains was 7.97% of weight gains of similar birds from live-vaccinated parents. Food-conversion ratios (FCR) were calculated for five of the trials. The average improvement in FCR over that of the control chickens was 2.89%. Every broiler flock contracted subclinical IBD, but there was no significant difference in overall mortality rates, except in one trial. In that trial, inclusion body hepatitis and Escherichia coli septicemia in the progeny of the parents that received only live vaccines caused increased mortality. Weekly monitoring of IBD antibodies in two of the trials showed that, in one trial, maternally derived antibody (MDA) persisted in the test chicks until at least 22 days of age and in the controls until at least day 15. In the other trial, MDA persisted until at least day 15 and day 8, respectively, in the test and control flocks. Field IBD challenge occurred at about day 30 and day 37 in the control and test chicks, respectively, in one trial and on day 17 and day 30 in the other. Overall weight gains and FCRs were not related to stocking densities.

Animals↗