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Biomedical subjects

J D Orr

Publications and source records attributed to J D Orr.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Early appendicitis--a safe diagnosis?

INTRODUCTION: Serosal inflammation of the appendix in association with a significant peritoneal exudate can be mistaken for early acute appendicitis. We highlight the importance of looking for other sources of intra-abdominal sepsis in this clinical setting. CLINICAL PICTURE: We present 3 cases of so-called "mild" appendicitis with serosal inflammation that was ultimately shown to be caused by Meckel's diverticulitis. TREATMENT: All 3 patients initially underwent an appendicectomy. In 2 of these cases, a further laparotomy and excision of a Meckel's diverticulum was carried out. All 3 made an uneventful recovery. CONCLUSION: Meckel's diverticulitis can mimic acute appendicitis in clinical history, physical findings and operative findings. It is important to always consider this as a possible cause for an acute abdomen.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed2003

Urinary ascites in infancy: varied etiologies.

Three cases of urinary ascites are presented, each with a different underlying aetiology. The age and modes of presentation also varied and management strategies were accordingly tailored to each patient's clinical requirements. All 3 patients survived and subsequently were discharged with good renal function. Although a rare condition, infants with urinary ascites can present as clinical emergencies in need of prompt resuscitation with subsequent drainage of the urine and decompression of the urinary tract. The ultimate management regime will vary and depend upon site of urinary extravasation and underlying aetiology.

Ascites↗
PubMed1995

GeneTox manager for bacterial mutagenicity assays: a personal computer and minicomputer system.

GeneTox Manager (GTM) is a data capture, data management, and statistical analysis program used for microbial mutagenicity data. Its main purpose is to provide a homogeneous environment for the collection, organization, and analysis of data generated in the laboratory while also supporting a quality assurance program. The complete system consists of both a personal computer (PC) system and a minicomputer (VAX) system. The joint PC/VAX version of the system is designed to function with both the PC and VAX FOCUS databases so that the VAX can be used for long-term storage, archiving of files, and the analysis of large groups of data. Because of the highly specialized use and nature of the PC/VAX version, this discussion is focused upon the PC stand-alone version. The user-friendly system uses a structured menu system, screen entry helps, and other help screens. GTM provides tabular and graphical summaries of the data and performs specialized statistical analyses. This public domain software was written primarily using Clipper. The manuals and programs are now available through the government's National Technical Information Service.

Information Systems↗
PubMed1994

Endoscopic treatment of vesico-ureteric reflux in children by subureteric Teflon injection: the Edinburgh experience.

This is an audit of 50 consecutive children who were treated in Edinburgh with subureteric Teflon injection (STING) for vesico-ureteric reflux between May 1988 and March 1992. There were 68 ureters treated with a total of 89 injections. Twenty-nine ureters (42.6%) were cured after a single injection and another 20 ureters were cured after a second injection (74.2%). These results revealed a decreasing failure rate with experience and compared favourably with other published works. STING is a well-tolerated, simple, effective alternative to medical and surgical treatment for vesico-ureteric reflux in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Duplicated müllerian duct remnants associated with unilateral renal agenesis.

A case of duplicated Müllerian duct remnants associated with unilateral renal agenesis in a male patient is described. This association is not uncommon in females, but is rarely recognized in male patients. The possibility of Müllerian duct cyst or enlarged prostatic utricle should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a pelvic cyst in a male patient with unilateral renal agenesis.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

Case report: duodenal and jejunal strictures treated with balloon dilatation through a duodenostomy.

An 11-year-old girl with duodenal and jejunal strictures considered to be inaccessible for surgery was successfully treated using balloon dilatation under fluoroscopic control via a duodenostomy. This is the first reported paediatric case of small bowel stricture dilatation using a balloon catheter, and it is also the first report of the small bowel being approached for balloon dilatation through a duodenostomy. This case demonstrates another use for balloon dilatation which appears to be a relatively safe and effective form of treatment for short, subacute strictures involving the gastro-intestinal tract.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1992

Biosynthesis of dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucosides: implications for the control of tobacco cell growth.

The dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucosides A and B are factors isolated from transformed Vinca rosea tumor cells that can replace the cytokinin requirement for growth of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) pith and callus cells in culture. These factors, present in tobacco pith cells, have their concentrations elevated approximately 2 orders of magnitude after cytokinin exposure. Biosynthesis experiments showed that these compounds are not cell wall fragments, as previously suggested, but are produced directly from coniferyl alcohol. Their synthesis is probably associated with the existing pathway for cell wall biosynthesis in both Vinca tumors and tobacco pith explants. The pathway requires only two steps, the dimerization of coniferyl alcohol by a soluble intracellular peroxidase and subsequent glycosylation. Biosynthetic experiments suggested that dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucoside breakdown was very slow and control of its concentration was exerted through restricted availability of coniferyl alcohol.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Activity and accumulation of cell division-promoting phenolics in tobacco tissue cultures.

Dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucosides (DCGs) are derivatives of the phenylpropanoid pathway that have been isolated from Catharansus roseus L. (Vinca rosea) crown gall tumors. Fractions containing purified DCGs have been shown previously to promote the growth of cytokinin-requiring tissues of tobacco in the absence of exogenous cytokinins. In this study, we utilized synthetic DCG isomers to confirm the cell division-promoting activity of DCG isomers A and B and show that they neither promote shoot meristem initiation on Nicotiana tabacum L., cv Havana 425, leaf explants nor induce betacyanin synthesis in amaranth seedlings. Analysis of cultured tobacco pith tissue demonstrated that DCG accumulation was stimulated by cytokinin treatment and correlated with cytokinin-induced cell division. Thus, the accumulation of metabolites that could replace cytokinin in cell division bioassays is stimulated by cytokinins. These data support the model that DCGs are a component of a cytokinin-mediated regulatory circuit controlling cell division.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

The role of the paediatric surgeon in alleged child sexual abuse.

Two hundred ninety cases of alleged child sexual abuse (CSA) were reported in Edinburgh and the Lothian region over the 7-year period from 1982 through 1988. We have found an increase in the incidence of alleged CSA, which has resulted in greater involvement of the paediatric surgeon. CSA was found to be occurring with increasing frequency in younger children. The physical examination and the role of general anaesthesia are discussed together with the data about the collection of forensic material.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Urethral valves--treatment, results and urodynamic assessment.

Posterior urethral valves is an uncommon condition, but it poses many diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Long term follow up of these patients revealed that the majority of these boys have long term problems. In depth assessment of 10 boys with this problem revealed that their upper urinary tracts remained stable whereas urodynamic studies showed gross micturition abnormalities. Most methods of assessing the urinary tracts in these boys are invasive (eg. Intravenous urography, micturating cystography) and may indeed show no change in upper tract radiology despite marked abnormalities of micturition detected by urodynamics and which may require further investigation and treatment. We therefore recommend regular urodynamic assessment of these boys as it is accurate and initially non-invasive. Those boys with a detectable abnormality can progress to further studies.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Neonatal tonsillar teratoma.

A newborn boy with a giant tonsillar teratoma or epignathus is described along with details of his management. This is a rare lesion and few survivors have been reported.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Gastric lipoma and intussusception in a child.

Gastroduodenal intussusception and gastric lipoma are exceedingly rare conditions in childhood. We report the first case of intussusception due to a gastric lipoma in this age group.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

Preinduction cervical softening with endocervical PGE2 gel. A multi-center trial.

In a prospective, randomized trial, a single dose of PGE2 gel, 0.5 mg (2.5 ml), was given to 416 low Bishop Score patients 12 h prior to indicated oxytocin induction and compared with 404 non-gel controls. Successful initial induction was achieved in 83% of the treated and 58% of the non-treated subjects. In addition the induction-delivery interval was shortened (median times 9.0 h vs. 11.3 h) and fewer cesarean sections were performed (16% vs. 21%) in the PGE2 gel series. The endocervical administration of PGE2 was well tolerated and, provided care is taken to avoid excess extra-amniotic placement, systemic PGE2 effects are minimal.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The modified Ombredanne repair for hypospadias--a comparison of single-stage and multi-stage procedures.

319 modified Ombredanne operations were carried out over a 17-year period, 149 were single-stage and 170 multi-stage procedures. 65 (20%) of the operations were carried out by registrars in training with no appreciable increase in the number of complications. The overall fistula rate was 5% with no significant difference between the types of repair. Preputial flap detachment or retraction occurred in 23 (7%) of patients. The most common complication was the minor one of an unsightly redundant prepuce which occurred in 30 (9%) of the patients and required a secondary plastic procedure. The length of hospital stay was halved in those patients undergoing the single-stage procedure when compared to the multi-stage group. Both techniques gave satisfactory cosmetic and functional results with a low incidence of serious complications.

Adolescent↗