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Biomedical subjects

J D Paulson

Publications and source records attributed to J D Paulson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Development of flexible culdoscopy.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess correlation between findings at standard laparoscopy and office flexible culdoscopy. DESIGN: Observational study (Canadian Task Force classification II-1). SETTING: University-affiliated hospital. PATIENTS: Eleven women undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy to evaluate infertility. INTERVENTIONS: Microlaparoscopy and flexible culdoscopy. In the first six cases laparoscopy was performed first followed by culdoscopy; in the last five cases the order was reversed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The number of endometriotic implants or adhesions was counted for both operative techniques. The flexible 2.2-mm culdoscope provided a view of the pelvis similar to the laparoscope. Correlation between the procedures was 100%. The flexible scope achieved better visualization than the standard rigid posterior cul-de-sac culdoscope. CONCLUSION: Flexible culdoscopy is a excellent procedure for diagnostic endoscopy. It correlates well with office laparoscopy, requires less anesthesia, and is better tolerated by patients. Several operative procedures are currently being tested through this mode of access.

Culdoscopy↗
PubMed1997

Effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in decomposing tissues on the development of Parasarcophaga ruficornis (Diptera:Sarcophagidae) and detection of the drug in postmortem blood, liver tissue, larvae, and puparia.

Larvae of Parasarcophaga ruficornis (Fabricius) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) were reared on tissues from rabbits administered different dosages of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine to study the effects of this drug on the development of this insect species. The rabbits were given 11, 22.5, and 67 mg of the drug via ear vein infusion. These dosages correspond to a 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 median lethal dose. Larvae from colonies fed on tissues from the rabbit receiving 67 mg and the control developed more rapidly from hours 24 through 114. The period required for completion of larval development was significantly shorter for the larvae from the colony fed on liver tissues from the rabbit receiving the 67 mg dosage. This colony also had the lowest total mortality rate during development. No significant differences were observed among the colonies in the duration of the puparial period. Analyses by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of the larvae and empty puparial cases following base extraction detected the drug in quantities directly related to the dosage of the drug administered to the rabbits serving as a food source. These results have implications for the determination of time since death when gauged by the development of this insect species.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy. A protocol for reducing urinary tract complications.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a protocol that was designed to reduce the incidence of urinary tract complications from laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN: The procedure commences with elevation of the bladder and insertion of illuminated ureteral catheters. The laparoscopic portion is then carried out, and the specimen is removed vaginally. The abdominal cavity is then inspected laparoscopically. RESULTS: The average hospital stay was 32 hours. Except for one, the patients were able to return to normal activities within two weeks. No complications were noted. CONCLUSION: The early results of this procedure are encouraging. The procedure is easily learned and can be helpful to even the most accomplished surgeons.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

The use of carbon dioxide laser laparoscopy in the treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancies.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of the treatment of unruptured tubal ectopic pregnancies by the use of carbon dioxide laser laparoscopy. STUDY DESIGN: A series of 125 consecutive ectopic pregnancies were treated laparoscopically; the tubal pregnancy was removed by a laparoscopic laser technique. Preoperative assessment included monitoring beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels, use of vaginal ultrasonography, and preoperative and postoperative hematocrit levels. RESULTS: Laparoscopic laser surgery was successful for removal of tubal ectopic pregnancies in all but four patients, in whom a laparotomy was required. Hematocrit levels before and after surgery were similar. The time necessary for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin to fall to nondetectable levels averaged between 3 and 4 weeks. There were five patients who had complications requiring additional surgery and/or medical treatment. CONCLUSION: The techniques are easy to learn, and the use of laparoscopic laser surgery in the treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancies appears to be a safe procedure with definite advantages for both the patient and the physician. There are decreased operating times, shorter hospital stays, and lower medical costs compared with those for major surgery. Subsequent successful intrauterine pregnancy rates are comparable to those of conservative methods previously reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Mild and moderate endometriosis. Comparison of treatment modalities for infertile couples.

A series of 1,268 consecutive patients with stage I and II endometriosis (American Fertility Society classification) were treated for the disease. In 675, no other factors contributed to their infertility. Among these patients, with no problems other than mild endometriosis, 57% (16/28) became pregnant when treated expectantly, 54% (51/95) after being treated medically, 47% (9/19) after laparoscopic cautery treatment, 81% (147/181) after laparoscopic laser treatment and 84% (97/116) after conservative surgery (laparotomy). Statistical analysis of the pregnancy rates revealed no difference between expectant, medical and laparoscopic cautery treatment. No difference was noted between laparotomy and laser laparoscopy; however, there was a statistically significant difference between these treatments and expectant, medical and cautery treatment. Similar results were seen with stage II endometriosis in couples with no contributing factors other than endometriosis: 39% of patients (23/59) became pregnant after medical treatment, 70% (80/115) after laser laparoscopy and 74% (46/62) after undergoing major conservative treatment (laparotomy). A statistically significant difference between medical treatment and laparotomy as well as laser laparoscopy was noted. However, no such difference existed between laparotomy and laser laparoscopy. Therefore, it appears that in experienced hands the use of laser laparoscopy in stage I and II endometriosis is as successful as major surgery and statistically significantly better than expectant, medical and laparoscopic cautery treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Vaginal gamete intrafallopian transfer. Experience with 14 cases.

A procedure utilizing transvaginal aspiration of stimulated gametes followed by transcervical, ultrasound-guided catheterization of the tubal ostia was performed as a modification of the standardized gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) technique. Among 14 patients with 16 cycles there were four normal, intrauterine pregnancies and one ectopic pregnancy. In two patients the beta-human gonadotropin level rose significantly and then started to fall; the patients aborted spontaneously. The procedure can be performed with a higher degree of patient acceptance than can traditional GIFT, and the success rate in this small series was promising.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Genetic toxicity evaluation of McN-5195: a novel analgesic.

McN-5195, (+/-)-trans-3-(2-bromophenyl)octahydroindolizine, a novel analgesic, was tested for genotoxic potential in a battery of tests with endpoints of mutagenicity, chromosomal alterations and DNA damage/repair. McN-5195 was not mutagenic when tested in the Ames test using strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538, in the absence of metabolic activation and in the presence of Aroclor 1254-induced rat or hamster S-9. Negative results were also obtained in the mouse lymphoma assay in the absence of activation, but reproducible mutagenic responses were seen in this mammalian cell assay in the presence of rat S-9 at high levels of induced toxicity (reduced cell growth). Testing of the enantiomers of McN-5195 in this assay supported these findings. A predominance of small mutant colonies in the mouse lymphoma assay suggested a potential chromosomal effect of McN-5195. This was confirmed with positive findings in an in vitro cytogenetics assay using CHO cells, again at toxic exposure levels and only in the presence of S-9. McN-5195 did not induce DNA repair in the primary rat hepatocyte/DNA repair assay, nor did it induce alterations in vivo of chromosome structure or number when tested in a rat bone marrow cytogenetics assay. The findings from this battery of tests indicate that McN-5195 has modest genotoxic activity when tested in the presence of rat liver S-9 in in vitro systems sensitive to cytogenetic change. The absence of genotoxicity in vitro in Salmonella and intact liver cells and in vivo in rat bone marrow suggests that McN-5195 is unlikely to present a genotoxic risk to whole animals.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1988

An investigation of the relationship between emotional maladjustment and infertility.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the psychologic test results of women diagnosed with infertility as compared with the general population of women. The infertile group consisted of 150 women, whereas the control group included 50 women. Both groups were similar in regard to age and number of years married. The tests administered were: the 16 Personality Factor, the IPAT Anxiety Scale, the IPAT Depression Scale, the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, and the Internal-External Scale (locus of control). Scores on a total of 41 test variables did not differ significantly between the two groups. In fact, the means and standard deviations for all variables were remarkably similar. This study concludes that significant emotional maladjustment is no more prevalent in women coping with infertility than for the general population of women. Results from this investigation cast doubt on the historical assumption that stress may be a causal factor in infertility.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1986

Mutagenicity testing of selected analgesics in Ames Salmonella strains.

Acetaminophen (APAP), aspirin (ASA), phenacetin (PA) and ibuprofen (IB) were tested for mutagenic activity in the Ames Salmonella plate incorporation assay using strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538. These analgesics were tested in four separate tests: without metabolic activation, and in the presence of a rat, hamster or mouse liver post-mitochondrial supernatant (S-9, Aroclor 1254-induced). Treatment of all five strains of Salmonella with APAP, ASA or IB under all four metabolic conditions did not induce any appreciable increases in revertant colony counts, as compared to the negative controls. A dose-related increase in revertant colony counts, reaching levels twice the negative control values, were seen with PA at doses greater than or equal to 500 micrograms per plate. This response was only seen in strain TA100 in the presence of hamster S-9. Therefore, these findings constitute a positive result for PA in the Ames test. APAP, ASA and IB did not show any mutagenic potential under these conditions of testing. These findings are discussed along with previously published results concerning the genotoxicity of these analgesics.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1985

Stability of Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver postmitochondrial supernatant (S-9) following long-term storage (-75 degrees C).

The stability of Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver postmitochondrial supernatant (S-9) over a 5-year period was investigated in a retrospective study. S-9 was uniformly prepared at 6-month intervals, and aliquots were stored at -75 degrees C. The protein and cytochrome P-450 content of these lots of S-9 were very similar, and no differences attributable to duration of storage were observed in the activities of ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, aniline hydroxylase, cytochrome P-450 reductase or aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. There was no decrease following 5 years of storage in the ability of S-9 to activate 2-aminoanthracene, as measured in the Ames test (TA98), but there was a notable reduction following more than 1 year of storage in the ability of the S-9 to generate Ames test activity with benzo(a)pyrene. Based on the results of these studies, S-9 prepared and stored under these conditions appears to be suitable for use in vitro genotoxicity assays for at least 1 year.

7-Alkoxycoumarin O-Dealkylase↗
PubMed1985

Lack of genotoxicity of the cancer chemopreventive agent N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide.

As part of the preclinical drug safety evaluation of the cancer chemopreventive agent N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (HPR) in vitro and in vivo tests were conducted to assess its genotoxic activity. Negative findings from HPR testing were demonstrated in the Ames Salmonella/microsomal activation test, the L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay, and a rat bone marrow cytogenetics study. These data imply that HPR lacks the ability to induce point mutations or chromosomal aberrations, and is therefore not genotoxic. Limited testing of retinyl acetate in the Ames test, the L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay, and the primary rat hepatocyte/DNA repair assay yielded consistently negative results. These findings and previously published results concerning retinoid genotoxicity are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Alterations of drug-induced toxicity in the mouse lymphoma assay by a rat hepatic microsomal metabolizing system (S-9).

Large differences in induced cellular toxicity were observed in the presence or absence of a rat liver microsomal metabolizing system (S-9) during drug testing in the mouse lymphoma assay. After studying the fate of three drugs in this test system, several mechanisms were demonstrated whereby S-9 reduced cellular toxicity. For N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (HPR), fenoctimine sulfate and methyl palmoxirate, the drug concentrations (EC50) in the presence of S-9 were, respectively, 11.5, 14.3 and 4.1 times the concentrations required to achieve comparable levels of toxicity in the absence of S-9. HPR was metabolized by the S-9 and sequestered in the microsomal membranes. This was associated with a marked reduction in the cellular accumulation of the drug. The reduced toxicity of fenoctimine sulfate in the presence of S-9 was associated with extensive biotransformation to polar metabolites. This was accompanied by a reduction of radioactivity associated with the cells from 5.7% to 0.4% of the administered drug. Methyl palmoxirate was rapidly converted to its acid, palmoxirate, by horse serum enzymes present in the treatment medium. This provides an example of metabolism by a test system component other than the S-9 or lymphoma cells. The reduced toxicity of this drug in the presence of S-9 was attributed to further metabolism of palmoxirate and a reduction of the proportion of total radioactivity associated with the cells from 3.1% to 0.4%. These results emphasize the need for pilot toxicity studies, especially when components of the test system are varied, to assess the effect of drug concentration on the toxic response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Further assessment of glasswool column filtration of semen.

Although not a common cause, increased viscosity may occasionally be associated with infertility. Specimens healthier than those with increased fertility potential should maintain their motility after reasonable intervals of time and after cryopreservation and freezing. Glasswool column filtration and alpha-amylase have been shown to improve the longevity and survival of progressive sperm in viscous samples compared to controls and the use of Alevaire and disruption methods. It appears that the use of Alevaire is detrimental to sperm.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1983

Mucoepidermoid and squamous cell carcinomas of breast with reference to squamous metaplasia and giant cell tumors.

Clinical and pathologic features of five low-grade mucoepidermoid and a similar number of squamous cell carcinomas of breast are presented. Three of each were retrieved from 55 cases of invasive breast cancer previously assessed to exhibit squamous metaplasia. Although the estimated incidence of low-grade mucoepidermoid cancers is approximately 0.2%, they may be more frequent, masquerading under designations of squamous metaplasia or intracystic carcinomas. All patients with low-grade mucoepidermoid cancer, and the two recorded previously, were free of recurrence for 4-10 years. No high-grade mucoepidermoid cancers were found. Squamous cell cancers frequently have a phyllode configuration (carcinoma phyllodes). Two examined by electron microscopy revealed a commonality of ultrastructural features with similar tumors of other sites. None exhibited glandular differentiation or tinctorial evidence of mucin secretion. One squamous cell carcinoma contained both malignant epithelial and banal, osteoclast-like, stromal giant cells. Only the latter were identified in tissue culture. This experience and review of the literature prompted a nosologic characterization of giant cell lesions of breast. One patient with squamous cell carcinoma succumbed because of her disease; the remainder are either free of or alive with recurrence at 4 and 10 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effect of glass wool filtration on ultrastructure of human spermatozoa.

The results of this study strongly suggest that filtration by glass wool can induce damage to the membrane and acrosome of the heads of some spermatozoa in a population. It is possible that the potential fertilizing capacity of a population of human spermatozoa may be reduced as a consequence of these alterations, especially those to the acrosome. The results suggest that sufficient clinical applications of glass wool filtration in artificial insemination is the only way to evaluate both the potential benefits of this process and the potential drawbacks to efficiency that may be caused by a degree of ultrastructural damage.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1981

Genesis of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer. A light and electron microscopic study.

Rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) exhibited colonic mucosal dysplastic foci prior to the development of tumors. Ultrastructurally, these, as well as the cancers that subsequently developed, were characterized by alterations in plasma membranes and an increase in cytoplasmic ribosomal particles, principally in stem cells and their absorptive derivatives. Rare Kulchitsky cells appeared preserved, but the mucin-producing or goblet-cell elements were compressed and atrophic. In addition, nuclear aberrations were more pronounced in the cancer than in the dysplastic foci. The principal ultrastructural difference between the so-called well-differentiated and mucinous forms of DMH-induced cancers was the presence of frequent intracytoplasmic lumens in the mucinous form. Such structures represented the analogues of signet ring cells observed by light microscopy. This experimental model of human colonic cancer shows that the mucosal stem-cell and dysplastic lesions represent their cytogenetic and histogenetic progenitors.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1979

Pseudolymphoma of breast.

A lymphoid infiltrate in the breast of a 77-year-old woman exhibited histological features warranting a diagnosis of pseudolymphoma. Detection of surface markers on cell suspensions of the lesion revealed approximately equal numbers of B aand T cells and kappa and lambda light chains in the immunoglobulins of the former. This represents ancillary evidence that is consonant with the pseudolymphomatous nature of the infiltration. Recognition of pseudolymphoma of the breast as an entity appears significant from practical and theoretical standpoints and is relevant to considerations concerning the incidence of so-called primary lymphoma of this organ.

Aged↗