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J D Shelburne

Publications and source records attributed to J D Shelburne.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Intercellular junctions and tumor behavior in lung cancer.

We examined the ultrastructure of 76 lung cancers and counted the number of intercellular junctions per area of tissue section. The total number of desmosomes, intermediate junctions, and tight junctions ranged from zero to 300 per 0.157 cm2 of tissue section area, and each type of carcinoma showed a considerable range in concentration of intercellular junctions. Multivariate analysis showed that the number of junctions was significantly tied to the probability of the patient's having extensive stage and to survival time, even after accounting for the routine light microscopic diagnosis of small cell versus non-small cell carcinoma. These results suggest that a tumor's ability to spread and metastasize is inversely related to its number of intercellular junctions, and this conclusion appears to apply to both small cell and non-small cell carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the oral cavity.

We report the clinical and pathologic features of a small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma arising in the oral cavity of a 63-year-old man. The tumor stained positively with neuron-specific enolase and had dense core granules ultrastructurally. Chemotherapy ordinarily given for pulmonary small cell carcinoma induced a clinical remission. When the tumor recurred 8 mo later, focal squamous differentiation was present within the neuroendocrine carcinoma. The patient died 2.5 yr after presentation.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1989

Crystalloids in salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas.

Two types of crystalloids in salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas were studied by light microscopy and electron microscopy. The first type of crystalloid, the previously described tyrosine-rich crystalloid, was identified in three (1.5%) of 205 cases. The crystalloids by light microscopy assumed a radial configuration, resulting in the characteristic petal-shaped morphology. Transmission electron microscopy revealed them to be electron-dense, lobular projections without internal structure. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated a range of morphology from rounded and intact doughnutlike structures to aggregates of irregular, loosely cohesive plates. The crystalloids were backscatter positive by backscattered electron imaging, and by x-ray microanalysis exhibited prominent calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium peaks that were not present in the adjacent tumor tissue; these three elements may be important in the formation and structure of tyrosine-rich crystalloids. The second type of crystalloid was intraductal and birefringent and was identified in 26 (12.7%) of 205 cases. In 21 of these 26 cases the crystalloids were lost on 10% formaldehyde fixation and paraffin embedding. Histochemical stains and x-ray microanalysis did not reveal a definite chemical composition, but did suggest a predominantly organic nature.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1989

Ultrastructural morphology of the lung in cystic fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal genetic disease among Caucasians, with much of the morbidity and most of the mortality related to pulmonary complications. The underlying defect in this disease has yet to be precisely defined, so it is somewhat surprising that a comprehensive study of the ultrastructural morphology of the lung in CF has not heretofore been reported. We used transmission electron microscopy to examine the small airways in 15 patients who had died of CF, and compared the findings with 15 disease controls with non-CF chronic airways disease and 15 patients with normal lung morphology. The lung parenchyma was also examined ultrastructurally in 7 patients with CF, 4 disease controls, and 4 normal lung cases. In addition, the literature regarding the ultrastructural morphology of the large airways in CF was reviewed. Patients with CF showed non-specific ciliary abnormalities, hyperplasia of mucous cells, increased numbers of pulmonary neuroendocrine and indeterminate cells, degeneration and sloughing of epithelial cells, and colonization of bacteria of the mucous layer of the small airways when compared with normal controls. Alveoli showed non-specific injury and regeneration of type II pneumocytes. However, these changes were all similar to those observed in the disease controls. Specifically, no cellular or subcellular ultrastructural abnormality unique to CF was observed. It is probable that the most useful ultrastructural approach to the lung in CF in future studies will involve X-ray microanalytical studies of ionic composition using cryotechniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Pulmonary carcinomas with a sarcomatoid element: an immunocytochemical and ultrastructural analysis.

Eight primary carcinomas of the lung with a prominent spindle-cell sarcomatoid component were studied by immunocytochemical staining and electron microscopy. The eight tumors were indistinguishable by conventional light microscopy, with the exception of one unusual neoplasm that followed multiple pathways of differentiation with elements of squamous cell carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and an undifferentiated spindle-cell population. Reticulin fiber production by individual spindle cells and a sharp demarcation of the carcinomatous and sarcomatoid domains by light microscopy were not useful differentiating features. Three of the eight tumors exhibited keratin expression in both the carcinomatous and spindle-cell components. Both immunocytochemical and electron microscopic analyses were required to detect epithelial differentiation, as in one case keratin was identified only by immunocytochemical staining and in another only by ultrastructural examination. Epithelial differentiation was undetectable in the sarcomatoid component of five tumors, and in one case immunoreactive myoglobin was identified in spindle cells; skeletal muscle differentiation was confirmed ultrastructurally. We propose that pulmonary carcinomas exhibiting evidence of epithelial differentiation in a sarcomatoid component be termed spindle-cell carcinomas and that those biphasic tumors exhibiting mesenchymal differentiation into specific tissues, such as neoplastic bone, cartilage, or striated muscle, or lacking epithelial differentiation by light microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and electron microscopy be classified as carcinosarcomas. This distinction may ultimately be unnecessary, because these two tumors may represent different points along a morphologic and biologic continuum.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1988

Subcellular changes in capillary endothelial cells during repair of hyperoxic lung injury.

We studied the changes in subcellular ultrastructure associated with the hypertrophy of capillary endothelial cells during repair of hyperoxic (100% O2) lung injury in rats. We used stereologic-morphometric measurements at different magnifications to determine the absolute volume of each subcellular compartment per average capillary endothelial cell. The increases in this value during the first 3 days of postexposure repair were 118% for cytoplasm, 786% for polyribosomes, 310% for rough endoplasmic reticulum, and 79% for mitochondria; the volume of pinocytotic vesicles did not change. By day 7 of repair, only the polyribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum were still increased; by day 14 all values were normal. We conclude that the capillary endothelial cell hypertrophy that develops during repair of hyperoxic lung injury is associated with large and heterogeneous increases in subcellular organelles and is not merely due to increases in the cytosol or to cellular edema. These increases seem to be an integral part of the repair process and may be important in the development of tolerance to subsequent oxygen exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Microprobe analysis of chlorpromazine pigmentation.

We describe the histochemical, ultrastructural, and microanalytical features of a skin biopsy specimen obtained from a patient with chlorpromazine pigmentation. Golden-brown pigment granules were present in the dermis, predominantly in a perivascular arrangement. The granules stained positively with the Fontana-Masson stain for silver-reducing substances and negatively with Perl's stain for iron. Electron microscopy revealed dense inclusion bodies in dermal histiocytes, pericytes, endothelial cells, and Schwann cells, as well as lying free in the extracellular matrix. These "chlorpromazine bodies" were quite dense even in unosmicated, unstained ultrathin sections, indicating that the pigmentation is related, at least in part, to the inclusions. Microprobe analysis of the chlorpromazine bodies revealed a striking peak for sulfur, which strongly suggests the presence of the drug or its metabolite within these inclusions.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Quantitative analysis of particulate burden in lung tissue.

Numerous methods have been used in the preparation and analysis of the particulate matter deposited in human lungs. Preparation techniques include those for particle isolation and for in situ analysis. Analytical techniques include bulk and particle-by-particle analysis. In this paper, a general discussion of many of these methods is presented along with examples of how two specific techniques have been used. In one study, individual particles from the lungs of 75 randomly selected autopsy cases were analyzed using an automated scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) system. An average of 613 million particles, of exogenous origin, per gram of dry lung tissue were found, the major classes of particles being silica, talc, aluminum silicates, and rutile. In the second study, lungs from 50 randomly selected autopsy cases were analyzed using gravimetric and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The median total particulate material was 0.33 grams, for cases in which samples were prepared by high temperature ashing, and 0.41 grams, for those in which nitric acid digestion was used. The median amount of quartz for all cases, was 0.044 grams. Samples of eighteen of the 75 lungs previously analyzed by automated SEM/EDX were also analyzed using gravimetric and XRD analysis. A good correlation was seen between the results of the two procedures (r = 0.91 for number of exogenous particles versus grams of particulate matter and r = 0.97 for number of silica particles versus amount of quartz).

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1988

Pleural amyloidosis.

Pleural amyloidosis has been reported rarely, and the diagnosis of this disease by Cope needle biopsy has, to our knowledge, been reported only once previously. We report two patients in whom the diagnosis of pleural amyloidosis was made by biopsy specimens obtained in the examination of large, unilateral pleural effusions. In one patient, the diagnosis was made by Cope needle biopsy. The clinical and diagnostic significance of these cases are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Intercellular junctions and tumor stage in small cell carcinoma of the lung.

The authors have studied the ultrastructural features of 52 cases of oat cell carcinoma of the lung and have related their observations to tumor stage and patient survival. Only the type of cell junctions seems to be of prognostic importance. Tumors with intermediate junctions--and especially those with desmosomes--have a more localized stage and may be resectable to result in longer survival than expected for oat cell carcinomas without junctions. For example, in the authors' series the median survival periods for those with no identifiable junctions, intermediate junctions, or desmosomes were 6.4, 8.2, and 11.3 months, respectively. Nevertheless, this ultrastructural subclassification is not as effective as that obtained from careful clinical staging.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1987

Polypoid tumor of the esophagus.

Five cases of an uncommon esophageal tumor consisting of a mucosal squamous cell carcinoma that surrounds a polypoid mass of spindle cells were examined. The spindle cell component was composed of elongated cells with blunt nuclei, admixed with multinucleated giant cells. Reticulin fibers enveloped individual cells, and abundant collagen was present. Thirteen to 69 mitotic figures occurred per 10 high-power fields. Electron microscopy showed dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and peripheral intermediate filaments within the cytoplasm. Intermediate-type junctions (zonulae adherens) and subplasmalemmal linear densities connected some cells. No tonofibrillar bundles or desmosomes (maculae adherens) were present. Immunoperoxidase stains detected no keratin in the spindle cells. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and alpha-1-antitrypsin were in the spindle cells in five of five and three of five cases, respectively. The absence of desmosomes, tonofibrillar bundles, and keratin and the presence of alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin favor fibrohistiocytic differentiation of the spindle cell component.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1986

Primary brain tumours in Fischer 344 rats chronically exposed to acrylonitrile in their drinking-water.

Acrylonitrile (ACN) has been tested for carcinogenicity by various routes in a number of rat strains. At relatively high levels of administration (e.g. 500 ppm in the drinking-water) there were statistically significant increases in microscopically detectable primary brain tumours, which were difficult to classify. In a further study of ACN-induced brain tumours, ACN was administered to groups of 50 male and 50 female F-344 rats from 6 wk of age at levels of 0, 100 and 500 ppm in the drinking-water. A fourth group of 300 rats (147 males, 153 females), was also given 500 ppm ACN. Neurological signs were observed in 0, 4, 16 and 29, respectively, of the rats in these four groups within 12-18 months. Among the treated animals, females died slightly earlier than males. Few controls of either sex had died by month 18, but, apart from those killed for tumour donation, a high proportion of the rats in the 500-ppm groups had died by that time. Of the 49 brain tumours found in rats exposed to 500 ppm ACN, 11 were only detectable microscopically, 28 were 1-5 mm in diameter and 10 were greater than 5 mm. Despite this variation in size, all the tumours were similar in cellular and architectural features. They were densely cellular, with occasional areas of focal necrosis, and were infiltrative at the margins. They were negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Ultrastructurally, the tumour cells showed intermingling cytoplasmic processes but no glial filaments and no neurosecretory granules or specialized cell contacts. Samples of tumour tissue were successfully grown in culture, but transplantation of samples from these cultures (observed for up to 12 wk) was unsuccessful. However, a direct intracerebral transplantation from a large tumour was successful.

Acrylonitrile↗
PubMed1986

Sequential changes in lung morphology during the repair of acute oxygen-induced lung injury in adult rats.

We studied changes in lung ultrastructure and collagen content during the repair of acute lung injury in adult rats exposed to 100% O2 for 60 h and recovering in ambient air. In the interstitium, during the first 3 days of repair, the number of neutrophils decreased 16-fold, and monocytes and lymphocytes increased to 7-fold and 4-fold the respective control values. Myofibroblasts increased about 5-fold and the volume of the interstitial matrix remained high. By 7 days, the differential count of inflammatory cells was normal although the number of total interstitial cells and myofibroblasts decreased more slowly. In the capillary endothelium, after 3 days of repair, the cells were hypertrophied and had organelle-rich cytoplasm, and total cell number had increased back to control values; endothelial cell number increased an additional 63% between 3 and 7 days of repair. In the epithelium, type 2 cells increased 150% during the first 3 days of repair before decreasing; type 1 cell number did not change. After 28 days of repair, the lungs appeared qualitatively almost normal; however, interstitial cell number and collagen content were still increased. We conclude that the repair of oxygen-induced lung injury involves a complex pattern of morphologic changes that has important similarities to those occurring during repair on other tissues such as the skin.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Electron microscopy in selection of patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung for medical versus surgical therapy.

Fifty-one cases of small cell carcinoma of the lung were studied by electron microscopy in order to determine if ultrastructural subsets could be found and if these subsets predicted clinical behavior. All of these cases were considered bona fide small cell carcinoma of the lung by light microscopy. Tumors with ultrastructural features of epithelial differentiation were defined by the presence of well-formed, classic desmosomes joining adjacent cells and by additional features of squamous or glandular differentiation. Thirty-one tumors (60%) were considered "typical oat cell" by electron microscopy and 20 (40%) showed features of epithelial differentiation. Fifteen (75%) tumors with epithelial features were considered operable and nine (45%) were resected with curative intent. In contrast, 26 (84%) tumors considered typical oat cell by electron microscopy presented with extensive metastatic disease. The cancer-free 5-year actuarial survival rate of patients whose tumors showed features of epithelial differentiation was 25%. The actuarial survival rate of nine patients who underwent resection of tumors with epithelial features was 38% at 5 years. Only one patient whose tumor was considered typical of oat cell carcinoma by electron microscopy survived 5 years. Our current recommendation is to remove all clinically resectable pulmonary neoplasms with the expectation that these localized small cell tumors are likely to show epithelial features by electron microscopic analysis.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1985

Microprobe analysis in human pathology.

This tutorial paper reviews the literature on the application of microprobe analysis to practical problems in diagnostic human pathology. The goal is to allow the reader ready access to the literature on specific clinical problems. Specimen preparation and commonly encountered artifacts are also considered. It is concluded that energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis and back-scattered electron imaging are at present the most generally useful microprobe techniques for clinical work, and are no longer solely research tools. The findings often have diagnostic, therapeutic, and/or legal implications.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1984

Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the lung. A clinicopathologic and ultrastructural study of five cases.

Primary sarcomas of the lung are rare malignant neoplasms which have usually been classified as fibrosarcomas or as leiomyosarcomas. Only five cases of primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the lung have previously been reported in the literature. The authors reviewed 10 cases of primary pulmonary sarcoma of the lung seen at their institution during the last 12 years, and five of these cases met the morphologic criteria for the diagnosis of MFH. The morphology in these cases is identical to MFH of other body locations, and shows a combination of fibroblast-like and histiocyte-like cells at both the light and electron microscopic level. By electron microscopic examination there was no evidence for anaplastic carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, or leiomyosarcoma. Of the three patients with adequate follow-up, one patient is alive without evidence of disease at 10 years, one died at 5 years without evidence of recurrent sarcoma, and one died at 7 months with liver metastasis. Two other patients are alive without recurrence at 8 months and 1 year, respectively, following surgery. Because MFH is primarily a tumor of the soft tissues of the extremities, patients with MFH of the lung must be carefully evaluated to rule out a metastatic origin. The reported prognosis in patients with primary MFH of the lung is poor, but early surgical resection does offer the possibility of a cure.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Congenital endodermal heterotopia of the atrioventricular node: evidence for the endodermal origin of so-called mesotheliomas of the atrioventricular node.

A case of so-called mesothelioma of the atrioventricular node is presented. Controversy exists as to whether this lesion is of mesodermal or endodermal origin. The light and electron microscopic morphologic characteristics in this case were identical to those reported previously. The glandular component produced mucin that resisted digestion with both hyaluronidase and diastase; this staining pattern is characteristic of endodermal rather than of mesodermal tissue. Immunohistochemical methods demonstrated abundant carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the cytoplasm of the cells composing the lesion. The presence of CEA strongly argues for an endodermal origin, since this antigen characterizes tissue derived from endoderm and is generally absent from mesoderm. The lesion probably represents endodermal foregut tissue that is displaced during embryogenesis. As such, it is not a true neoplasm. It is proposed that this lesion be designated "congenital endodermal heterotopia of the atrioventricular node."

Atrioventricular Node↗