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Biomedical subjects

J D Sutton

Publications and source records attributed to J D Sutton.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The effect of free and protected oils on the digestion of dietary carbohydrates between the mouth and duodenum of sheep.

Sheep fitted with rumen and re-entrant duodenal cannulas were given diets of approximately 200 g hay and 400 g concentrate mixture alone, or supplemented daily with 40 g linseed or coconut oils free or protected with formaldehyde-casein in a 5 x 5 Latin-square arrangement. Chromic oxide paper was given as a marker at feeding time and passage to the duodenum of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) and different sugars were estimated from the values for constituent:marker at the duodenum. Contributions of microbial carbohydrates to these flows were estimated from amounts of RNA present. The carbohydrate composition of mixed rumen bacteria from sheep rumen digesta were similar regardless of diet. Of the sugars entering the duodenum all the rhamnose and ribose and 0.51, 0.24 and 0.35 of the mannose, galactose and starch-glucose respectively, were contributed by the microbes. Virtually all the arabinose, xylose and cellulose-glucose were contributed by the diet. For sheep receiving the basal ration, coefficients of digestibility between mouth and duodenum, corrected where necessary for microbial contribution, were 0.95, 0.66, 0.67, 0.62, 0.45 and 0.51 for starch-glucose, mannose, arabinose, galactose, xylose and cellulose-glucose respectively. Corresponding values when free-oil-supplemented diets were given were 0.95, 0.55, 0.38, 0.55, 0.01 and -0.02 respectively. Values for diets supplemented with linseed oil or coconut oil did not differ significantly. Addition of protected oils to the basal feed also resulted in depressed digestibilities of dietary structural sugars but to a far lesser extent than those observed with the free oils. Apparent digestibility of NDF was altered in the same direction as those of the main structural sugars, averaging 0.50, 0.17 and 0.29 in animals receiving the basal, free-oil-supplemented or protected-oil-supplemented diets respectively. The reasons for the difference between NDF and discrete carbohydrate analytical totals are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Piroxicam in osteoarthritis: a controlled long-term study.

This six-month double-blind, parallel-design study compared the efficacy and safety of piroxicam 20 mg and 40 mg with that of 12 tablets of aspirin in 29 patients with osteoarthritis and demonstrated that both piroxicam doses were superior to aspirin in the treatment of osteoarthritis with respect to physicians' opinion of improvement and ease of movement. The safety of piroxicam 20 mg and aspirin were comparable, with gastrointestinal side effects being the most prevalent adverse effect. Patients receiving piroxicam are continuing in a five-year efficacy and safety study.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Rheumatoid arthritis in a Chippewa band. II. Field study with clinical serologic and HLA-D correlations.

We present an in-depth study of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a Chippewa band. Of the 227 band members, 168 (74%) were evaluated. The unusually high prevalence of RA was confirmed in 7.1% of those studied or, minimally, 5.3% with a 100% completion rate without additional cases found. Seropositivity in those with clinically definite RA was 92% relative to rheumatoid factor and 75% for ANA. Despite the high prevalence (68%) of HLA-DR4 in this closed population, there was a significant correlation of DR4 with RA (100%). The implications of these observations in this population isolate are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The effect of varying the amount of linseed oil supplementation on rumen metabolism in sheep.

The effects of three levels of linseed oil (LSO) supplementation of a basal diet on rumen digestion and flow of nutrients to the proximal duodenum of three mature sheep provided with permanent rumen and duodenal re-entrant cannulas were studied. 2. A basal diet of 200 g hay and 400 g concentrates daily, providing approximately 7.0 MJ digestible energy and 13 g N/d, was given alone or with supplements of 13, 26, or 40 ml LSO/d in two equal portions of 06.00 and 18.00 hours. The flow of duodenal digesta was measured by spot-sampling using chromic oxide paper as the marker. Bacterial protein synthesis (BPS) was measured by the diaminopimelic acid technique. 3. Addition of LSO reduced the digestion of energy and organic matter, particularly acid-detergent fibre, in the stomach. Digestion in the intestines increased but at the higher levels of supplementation this failed to compensate completely for the reduction in rumen digestion. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations were not affected but molar proportions of acetate and butyrate were decreased by approximately 18 and 61% respectively while the molar proportion of propionate was increased twofold by the highest concentration of oil. The higher concentrations of LSO virtually eliminated protozoa from the rumen. 4. The second increment of LSO (26 ml/d) produced the highest duodenal flow of total N and bacterial N and the highest efficiency of BPS. The highest concentration of oil (40 ml/d) was without effect. Rumen and duodenal ammonia concentrations and plasma urea concentrations tended to be reduced by the higher concentrations of LSO. 5. It is argued that the results support suggestions made elsewhere that free oils reduce the efficiency of BPS but that they also reduce the numbers of protozoa which can cause an increase in efficiency of BPS. The net effect of free oil supplementation on BPS is thus likely to be variable and difficult to predict.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1980

Glucose and urea kinetics in cows in early lactation.

1. Four mature Friesian cows were used. For 2 weeks after calving they were fed 3 kg hay (147 g crude protein (nitrogen X 6.25; CP)/kg dry matter (DM) plus 9 kg concentrates (177 g CP/kg DM) per d and thereafter 4 kg hay plus 12 kg concentrates/d. 2. At approximately the 2nd, 4th and 9th weeks post-partum each cow was given a single intravenous dose of [14C]urea (1 mCi) and [6-3H]glucose (1.5 mCi). Following this, jugular venous blood samples were withdrawn up to 26 h post-injection. 3. The log (specific activity) v. time curves were not linear for either metabolite. Glucose irrversible loss rates (IRL) were calculated by a stochastic procedure. The linear part of the urea log (specific activity) v. time curve gave the same estimate for urea IRL rate as a stochastic method of calculation, but urea pool sizes were overestimated so that stochastic analysis of results was preferred. 4. Mean milk yields at the time of the three measurements were 27.1, 30.8 and 27.9 kg milk/d. 5. Urea IRL was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the first 4 weeks of lactation than in the 9th, and blood urea concentration was lower (P < 0.05) in the 4th than in the 2nd and 9th week, but there was no close correlation between urea IRL and concentrations. 6. Glucose IRL rose (P < 0.05) between the 2nd and 9th weeks post-partum, perhaps due to the increase in feed intake. The results were generally consistent with the relationship between milk yield and glucose IRL established by Paterson & Linzell (1974). 7. Urea IRL (y) and milk protein-N (x) production values were used to calculate the efficiency of protein utilization (EPU) as x divided by (x+0.35 y). This assumes that 0.35 of urea IRL was due to protein catabolism. EPU was found to be 0.59-0.80 (mean 0.69). 8. The possible contribution of catabolized amino acids to glucose IRL was calculated by assuming that 0.35 of urea IRL was due to protein catabolism and 0.2 of catabolized protein-C passed through the glucose pool. On this basis the contribution of protein-C top glucose-C was < 25 g/kg glucose IRL.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1978

A model for the estimation of volatile fatty acid production in the rumen in non-steady-state conditions.

A method of estimating volatile fatty acid (VFA) production in the rumen in non-steady-state conditions was proposed. Laboratory models indicated that good estimates of total production over a complete feeding cycle could be obtained even when a wide range of production rates and volume changes occurred during the experiment. But estimates of instantaneous production rates might have contained large errors unless some attempt was made to match the infusion rate of labelled VFA to the rate at which VFA was produced in the rumen.

Animals↗