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Biomedical subjects

J D Tyler

Publications and source records attributed to J D Tyler.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Pretreatment of renal allograft recipients with immunosuppression and donor-specific blood.

The induction of immunologic unresponsiveness to improve renal allograft survival was attempted in 64 patients by the pretransplant administration of donor-specific whole blood or buffy coat in conjunction with continuous azathioprine immunosuppression. All donor/recipient combinations were at least one-haplotype-disparate. Presensitization, defined as a positive Amos or antiglobulin crossmatch or a high-titer (greater than 1:8) B-cell-positive crossmatch, was present in 6 patients and not present in 58 patients. Attempts at desensitization of the already sensitized group were uniformly unsuccessful. Treatment of the 58 nonpresensitized patients resulted in transient sensitization in 2 patients, permanent sensitization in 1 patient, and no evidence of sensitization in 55 patients. Fifty-three patients underwent renal transplantation from the specific blood donor, and only two have experienced renal allograft rejection loss during a mean follow-up period of 22 months (5-45 months); 57% have never experienced a rejection episode. The two-year renal allograft survival rate was 85%. This is significantly (P less than 0.01) better than our historical experience of 64% with one-haplotype living-related transplants. The low rate of sensitization (5%) has permitted almost all patients to undergo eventual renal transplantation from the specific blood donor. This and the low rate of rejection (4%) argues for a modification of the immunologic response, rather than a selecting-out process as the mechanism for improved allograft survival.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

MHC epitopes of KS and Dd restrict the same population of cytolytic T lymphocytes.

When A. SW (H-2S) mice are immunized with B10.S (H-2S) epidermal cells, cytolytic T lymphocytes are evoked that efficiently lyse B10.D2 (H-2d) as well as B10.S target cells. Immunogenetic analysis of this apparent H-2-unrestricted killing revealed that the most plausible explanation was a sharing of an H-2-restricting epitope by H-2KS and H-2Dd molecules.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Cell-mediated cytotoxicity to non-MHC alloantigens on mouse epidermal cells. VI. Influence of the MHC on the tissue specificity of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses.

Mice of the C3H/He and A non-H-2 backgrounds are disparate from mice of the B10 background for the tissue-restricted, non-H-2 alloantigen of epidermal cells (EC), Epa-1, that is expressed by EC but not by lymphocytes (LC), as well as for a number of other alloantigens of the B10 background that are expressed by both EC and LC, generically referred to as "lymphocyte/epidermal alloantigens" (LEA). In this study, we compared the ability of various H-2 congenic strains on the C3H or A backgrounds to mount cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses to EC from H-2 compatible mice of the B10 background. High responses to Epa-1 were detected only in the H-2a and H-2k haplotypes; H-2b, H-2o1, H-2s, H-2t1, and H-2t2 haplotypes were nonresponders to Epa-1. High responses to LEA were detected in H-2a, H-2b, H-2s, H-2t1, and H-2t2 haplotypes; H-2k and H-2o1 were nonresponsive to LEA. Analysis of the H-2K, I and D region alleles of responders indicates that H-2Kk is essential for anti-Epa CTL responses, whereas Dd, Db or Ks were all permissive for strong anti-LEA responses. The ability to mount a given CTL response was not associated with differences in I-region alleles. These results are discussed in terms of K/D region products serving as Ir-gene products for CTL and in determining the apparent tissue-specificity of CTL.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Establishment of cytolytic T lymphocyte clones to epidermal alloantigen Epa-1.

Based on in vivo studies, it has been suggested that the extreme susceptibility of skin to the deleterious effects of transplantation immunity reflects the presence of skin-specific histocompatibility antigens. Immunization of C3H/He mice with purified epidermal cells from H-2-compatible CBA mice leads to the generation of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that recognize the epidermal-specific alloantigen Epa-1 in H-2-restricted fashion. In this report we describe four CTL lines that have been maintained in vitro for over 9 months that possess Epa-1 and H-2 restriction specificity identical to that observed in bulk CTL populations, as well as two CTL lines with novel specificities. The predominant cell surface phenotype of all of the CTL lines is Lyt-1-, Lyt-2+, and Thy-1+ as determined by indirect immunofluorescence. We could detect no evidence for overlap between these CTL lines and CTLs mediating lysis of target cells bearing foreign H-2 antigens. From these observations, we conclude that the CTLs in each of these long-term lines represent the progeny of a single clone whose specificity is directed toward tissue-specific alloantigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Cell-mediated cytotoxicity to non-MHC alloantigens on mouse epidermal cells. III. Epidermal cell-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

We have previously shown that murine epidermal cells (EC) from 5 H-2 compatible donor strains induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in C3H hosts that preferentially lyse donor EC as opposed to donor lymphoid cells (LC). This preference has been shown to be dependent on a single alloantigen disparity, designated epidermal alloantigen (Epa). In this report we studied the specificity of the CTL to determine whether Epa-antigens are in fact EC specific. Two populations of CTL could be identified by cross-immunization, cold-target inhibition, antigen-driven suicide, and limiting-dilution analyses. A minor CTL population recognizes alloantigens that are expressed by both EC and LC, but this population is necessary only for lysis of LC targets. The major CTL population is specific for Epa-antigens and reacts only with EC targets. At the induction phase of CTL responses, donor LC stimulators can weakly stimulate Epa-specific CTL, indicating LC populations express Epa-antigens in immunogenic form but at very low levels compared with EC. The preferential lysis of EC targets in these strain combinations can be attributed to the major Epa-specific CTL population, whereas lysis of LC targets is due to CTL specific for other alloantigens that are shared by EC and LC. The identification of CTL-activating, EC-specific alloantigens may help to explain the extreme immunogenicity of MHC compatible skin allografts.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Degree of sobriety in male alcoholics and coping styles used by their wives.

The 'Coping With Drinking' questionnaire, administered to 124 A1-anon members, was factor analyzed and revealed nine identifiable styles of coping. Multiple regression analyses between three measures of sobriety and each of the nine styles of coping factors provide support for the general hypothesis that the coping styles used by wives of alcoholics are related to drinking outcome. Further, those modes of coping in which the wife communicates her feelings of distress and frustration to the drinking husband in a way which is minimally threatening for him seem to be most positively related to his attainment of sobriety.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1976

Appreciation of risqué cartoon humor in male and female repressors and sensitizers.

Male and female nondefensive sensitizers, defensive repressors and nondefensive repressors were instructed to rate the degree of humor in each of 40 cartoons. The cartoons, which previously had been equated for funniness, either contained sexual themes or were completely devoid of sexual content. As hypothesized, female repressors rated sexual cartoons as less humorous than nonsexual cartoons. In addition, female sensitizers rated sexual cartoons as funnier than did female repressors. No differences were found for male Ss. Results were interpreted according to an approach-avoidance model of repression-sensitization.

Female↗
PubMed1975

Planning primary prevention strategy. A survey of the effects of business location on Indian reservation life.

It was hypothesized that the introductions of a new business or industry into a high-poverty-level Indian reservation community would produce conditions that could have both positive and negative effects on mental health. A questionnaire surveying the impact of business location on reservation life was sent to all field offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Survey results supported the expectation that business development may affect community life in a variety of ways. Respondents cited approximately twice as many positive effects as negative ones. Furthermore, it was found that relatively few Indians were actually employed and consequently exposed to either type of effect. Implications of the survey for planning primary prevention strategies which would minimize the pathogenic influences of business development are discussed.

Awareness↗