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Biomedical subjects

J Dallongeville

Publications and source records attributed to J Dallongeville.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Effect of weight loss on the postprandial response to high-fat and high-carbohydrate meals in obese women.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of weight loss on the plasma lipid and remnant-like lipoprotein cholesterol (RLPc) response to a high-fat or a high-carbohydrate meal in a population of obese women. DESIGN: Nutritional intervention study. SUBJECTS: Sixteen obese women (mean body mass index (BMI): 37.6+/-5 kg/m(2)). METHODS: Subjects were asked to follow an energy-restricted diet (800 kcal/day) for 7 weeks, followed by a 1-week maintenance diet. Before and after weight loss, each participant was given (in random order) two iso-energetic meals containing either 80% fat and 20% protein (the high-fat meal) or 80% carbohydrate and 20% protein (the high-carbohydrate meal). Blood samples were collected over the following 10-h period. A two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to assess the effect of the meal and postprandial time on biological variables and postprandial responses (notably RLPc levels). RESULTS: Weight loss was associated with a significant decrease in fasting triglyceride (P=0.0102), cholesterol (P<0.0001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.0003), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P=0.0009) and RLPc (P=0.0015) levels. The triglyceride response to the high-fat meal was less intense after weight reduction than before (interaction P<0.002). This effect persisted after adjustment on baseline triglyceride levels. The triglyceride response to the high-carbohydrate meal was biphasic (i.e. with two peaks, 1 and 6 h after carbohydrate intake). After adjustment on baseline values, weight reduction was associated with a trend towards a reduction in the magnitude of the second triglyceride peak (interaction P<0.054). In contrast, there was no difference in postprandial RLPc responses before and after weight loss, again after adjustment on baseline levels. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that weight loss preferentially affects postprandial triglyceride metabolism.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

Metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease risk in a population-based study of middle-aged men from France and Northern Ireland. A nested case-control study from the PRIME cohort.

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) was found associated with an increased CHD risk in several studies but data about this relationship in Southern Europe are lacking. We studied the association of MetS according to three different indexes (the National Cholesterol Education Program's definition (NCEP), a modified World Health Organization's definition (WHO) and the recent International Diabetes Federation's definition (IDF)) with CHD risk in a case-control study nested within the PRIME cohort, composed of subjects from France (Southern Europe) and Belfast (Northern Europe). The PRIME prospective study is composed of 10 592 men, aged 50-59 at baseline and followed for 5 years. Subjects included in this nested case-control study were 296 cases of incident CHD and 540 controls, who remained free of CHD during the 5 years of follow-up of the PRIME cohort and matched for age, recruitment centre and recruitment date. All subjects had questionnaires and a medical examination at baseline, and a blood sample was taken. Using the IDF's, the WHO's and the NCEP's definitions respectively, the frequency of MetS was 38.9%, 35.5% and 29.7% in cases and 32.4%, 28.7% and 22.6% in controls. After adjustment for physical activity, smoking and drinking habits, MetS was associated with CHD risk whichever the definition used (ORIDF=1.41 [1.02-1.95], P<0.04, ORWHO=1.40 [1.01-1.94], P<0.05 and ORNCEP=1.46[1.04-2.04], P<0.04). These results were homogeneous in France (low risk of CHD) and Belfast (high risk of CHD). Our results add further evidence that MetS is predictive of CHD risk in middle-aged men from Northern and Southern Europe, and highlight differences between the three definitions studied.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed2005

[Prevalence of dyslipidaemias in a representative sample of the French population].

Prevalence of dyslipidaemias in a representative sample of the French population Hypercholesterolaemia is a major factor of risk of coronary atherosclerosis. The prevalence of other types of dyslipidaemia in the general population remains poorly defined. This study was performed to measure the prevalence of various dyslipidaemias in the French population. A representative sample of 3508 men and women between the ages of 35 and 64 years was recruited by the "Multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease" centres of Lille, Strasbourg and Toulouse. We excluded 162 patients suffering from known cardiovascular disorders, and 409 individuals treated with lipid-lowering drugs. The prevalence of pure hypercholesterolaemia, defined as a total cholesterol concentration >6.2 mmol/l (2.4 g/l) and triglyceride concentration <2.3 mmol/l (2 g/l), was 30% (29-32%). The prevalence of HDL cholesterol concentration <1 mmol/l (0.4 g/l) in men, or <1.3 mmol/l (0.5 g/l) in women, was 12% (11-13%). The prevalence of mixed hyperlipidaemia, defined as a total cholesterol concentration >6.2 mmol/l (2.4 g/l) and triglyceride concentration >2.3 mmol/l (2 g/l) was 5% (4-6%). The prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia, defined as a total cholesterol concentration <6.2 mmol/l (2.4 g/l) and triglyceride concentration >2.3 mmol/l (2 g/l) was 4% (3-5%). Low HDL cholesterol concentrations were associated with smoking, obesity, and absence of either regular physical exercise or alcohol consumption. This study confirmed the high prevalence of pure hypercholesterolaemia, and revealed an important prevalence of low HDL cholesterol concentration, which represents a major cardiovascular risk factor.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Education, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, and risk of coronary heart disease: the PRIME Study.

BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic differentials have been described in the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) but the extent to which these differentials are explained by lifestyle factors has been examined to a lesser degree. We have examined the contribution of socio-economic factors to risk of CHD in a large cohort study in France and Northern Ireland. METHODS: In all, 10 593 men aged 50-59 years were examined between 1991 and 1994 in centres in Northern Ireland, Lille, Strasbourg, and Toulouse. Details were obtained for a number of socio-economic indicators from the men at the baseline examination. Men were also screened for evidence of CHD and followed annually by questionnaire for incident cases of coronary disease. Coronary events (coronary deaths, myocardial infarction, and angina) were documented by clinical records and were reviewed by an independent medical committee. RESULTS: In all, 842 men (8%) showed some evidence of CHD at screening examination and these men were more likely to be living in poorer material circumstances, be unemployed, or have had less full-time education than men without CHD at screening in both France and Northern Ireland. These relationships persisted following adjustment for all known risk factors for CHD. Among men who were initially free of CHD there were clear socio-economic differentials (years of full-time education, unemployment, and educational level) in the distribution of several risk factors for CHD, notably smoking habit (which differs in France and Northern Ireland), systolic blood pressure, body mass index, and fibrinogen. Total cholesterol in contrast showed no socio-economic differential whilst those with a shorter period of full-time education and the unemployed tended to be high consumers of alcohol. In this cohort of men free of CHD at baseline few socio-economic indicators showed relationships with risk of CHD by 5 years of follow-up. Only years in full education, educational level, and unemployment status when adjusted only for age and country showed significant relationships with CHD risk, but these became non-significant following adjustment for major CHD risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Socio-economic differentials in long-term risk of CHD are apparent in both cohorts of men from France and Northern Ireland, particularly in men with evidence of CHD at baseline. Among men free of CHD at baseline, although there is strong evidence of socio-economic differentials in cardiovascular risk factors these do not contribute independently to risk of CHD at 5 years of follow-up in this large cohort of men from France and Northern Ireland.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2004

Nutritional intakes of 1072 French free-living men with and without diagnosed cardiovascular risk factors.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the dietary intakes of free-living people with and without previously diagnosed diet-modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and diabetes). DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey on cardiovascular risk factors including a three-consecutive-day food record. SETTING: Multicentre setting in Lille (northern France), Strasbourg (north-east) and Toulouse (south-west) areas. SUBJECTS: A total of 1072 middle-aged men randomly selected from the general population: group 1 (504 men without previously diagnosed diet-modifiable risk factor), group 2 (377 men with one previously diagnosed diet-modifiable risk factor) and group 3 (191 men with two or three previously diagnosed diet-modifiable risk factors). INTERVENTIONS: None. RESULTS: Total daily energy intake equalled 10731 kJ/day (standard error: 119), 9991 (138) and 9737 (166) in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (P<0.0001 for ANOVA comparing the three groups), and daily energy intake without alcohol equalled 9860 (115), 9096 (132) and 8654 (159) kJ/day (P<0.0001). The proportion of calories from animal proteins (in daily energy intake without alcohol) increased from group 1 to 3 (P<0.0001), whereas the proportion from oligosaccharides decreased (P<0.0001). The proportion of calories from alcohol (in total daily energy intake) increased with the number of risk factors (P<0.0001). These results remained significant after adjustment for confounders. No significant group differences were found in the proportions of energy from polysaccharides, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. CONCLUSIONS: As compared with subjects without risk factor, significant quantitative and qualitative changes are observed in individuals with diagnosed hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia or diabetes. However, lower consumptions of saturated fats and alcohol are needed.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2003

The association of metabolic disorders with the metabolic syndrome is different in men and women.

AIMS: Metabolic disorders depend on genetic, hormonal and environmental factors, whose relations may differ between genders. Therefore, we compared the contribution of metabolic disorders to the metabolic syndrome in women and men. METHODS: To this end, we used a hierarchical classification statistical method to classify subjects into similarity groups according to clinical and biological parameters. Data were collected from 3,508 men and women aged 35-64 years, from a cardiovascular disease survey. RESULTS: In both women and men, hierarchical classification identified a cluster corresponding to the metabolic syndrome representing 14 and 15% of the women's and men's sample, respectively. In women, elevated body weight (women's Z-score: 1.59 vs. men's Z-score: 1.29; p < 0.005), waist girth (1.62 vs. 1.30; p < 0.001) and low HDL cholesterol (-0.95 vs. -0.75; p < 0.05) were significantly larger contributors to the metabolic syndrome than in men. In contrast, systolic (0.59 vs. 0.95; p < 0.0001) and diastolic (0.55 vs. 0.99; p < 0.0001) blood pressure and apolipoprotein B (0.51 vs. 0.71; p < 0.0001) contributed significantly less in women than in men. Finally, insulin (n.s.), glucose (n.s.), triglycerides (n.s.) and LDL-cholesterol (n.s.) contributions were not different between genders. CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with the concept that a clustering of metabolic disorders occurs frequently in both women and men. However, the contribution of several metabolic disorders to the metabolic syndrome is different in men and women. This finding supports the concept that different criteria are necessary to define the metabolic syndrome in women and men.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Are the Framingham and PROCAM coronary heart disease risk functions applicable to different European populations? The PRIME Study.

AIMS: To assess whether the Framingham and PROCAM risk functions were applicable to men in Belfast and France. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed an external validation study within the PRIME (Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction) cohort study. It comprised men recruited in Belfast (2399) and France (7359) who were aged 50 to 59 years, free of CHD at baseline (1991 to 1993) and followed over 5 years for CHD events (coronary death, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris). We compared the relative risks of CHD associated with the classic risk factors in PRIME with those in Framingham and PROCAM cohorts. We then compared the number of predicted and observed 5-year CHD events (calibration). Finally, we estimated the ability of the risk functions to separate high risk from low risk subjects (discrimination). The relative risk of CHD calculated for the various factors in the PRIME population were not statistically different from those published in the Framingham and PROCAM risk functions. The number of CHD events predicted by these risk functions however clearly overestimated those observed in Belfast and France. The two risk functions had a similar ability to separate high risk from low risk subjects in Belfast and France (c-statistic range: 0.61-0.68). CONCLUSION: The Framingham and PROCAM risk functions should not be used to estimate the absolute CHD risk of middle-aged men in Belfast and France without any CHD history because of a clear overestimation. Specific population risk functions are needed.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Longitudinal analysis of the effect of apolipoprotein E epsilon4 and education on cognitive performance in elderly subjects: the PAQUID study.

BACKGROUND: The apolipoprotein E (apoE) epsilon4 allele has been shown to be a risk factor for dementia, but it is not clear to what extent apoE affects overall cognitive function in non-demented elderly subjects, or how this risk may be modified by gene-environment interactions. OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in cognitive function in elderly people as a function of the apoE epsilon4 phenotype. METHODS: A community based prospective cohort study of 600 non-demented subjects aged over 65 years living in Gironde (France) was analysed to evaluate change over time (seven years) in scores on the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). RESULTS: Age at cohort inception was negatively associated with cognitive performance for both epsilon4 carriers and non-carriers (p < 0.001). The evolution of MMSE scores differed as a function of age: scores remained stable among younger subjects but decreased over time in older subjects. The epsilon4 allele was shown to be significantly associated with lower cognitive performance at baseline (p = 0.02). The course of cognitive performance during the follow up was the same for both epsilon4 carriers and non-carriers. Lower educational level was associated with lower cognitive performance at baseline (p < 0.001) and the effect of an epsilon4 allele on cognitive performance disappeared after adjustment for education. When incident cases of dementia were excluded, the results were unchanged except for the course of the MMSE scores, which now remained stable over time in the older subjects. CONCLUSIONS: apoE epsilon4 carriers show decreased MMSE scores compared with epsilon4 non-carriers, but the effect of apoE on cognition disappears after adjustment for education. Non-demented elderly people maintain a stable cognitive performance regardless of their apoE phenotype.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Glycerol kinase deficiency: evidence for complexity in a single gene disorder.

Glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD) occurs as part of an Xp21 contiguous gene syndrome or as isolated GKD. The isolated form can be either symptomatic with episodic metabolic and central nervous system (CNS) decompensation or asymptomatic with hyperglycerolemia and glyceroluria only. To better understand the pathogenesis of isolated GKD, we sought individuals with point mutations in the GK coding region and measured their GK enzyme activities. We identified six individuals with missense mutations: four (N288D, A305V, M428T, and Q438R) among males who were asymptomatic and two (D198G, R405Q) in individuals who were symptomatic. GK activity measured in lymphoblastoid cell lines or fibroblasts was similar for the symptomatic and the asymptomatic individuals. Mapping of the individuals' missense mutations to the three-dimensional structure of Escherichia coli GK revealed that the symptomatic individuals' mutations are in the same region as a subset of the mutations among the asymptomatic individuals, adjacent to the active-site cleft. We conclude that, like many other disorders, GK genotype does not predict GKD phenotype. We hypothesize that the phenotype of an individual with GKD is a complex trait influenced by additional, independently inherited genes.

Catalytic Domain↗
PubMed2001

Effects of dietary maritime pine seed oil on lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis development in mice expressing human apolipoprotein B.

BACKGROUND: Conifer seeds are used for food preparation in several countries. Aim of the study To assess the lipid-lowering and antiatherogenic properties of maritime pine (Pinuspinaster) seed oil. METHODS: The effects of maritime pine oil supplementation (20% w/w) for 2 weeks were compared to those of coconut and sunflower oil in mice expressing human apolipoprotein B (hApoB). Atherosclerosis lesion development was measured in hApoB mice fed 1.25% (w/w) cholesterol and 0.05% (w/w) sodium cholate and either coconut, sunflower or maritime pine oil (20% w/w) for 8 weeks. RESULTS: After 2 weeks of dietary treatment, plasma cholesterol (p < 0.0001), triglyceride (p < 0.0003), phospholipid (p < 0.0001) and apolipoprotein B (p < 0.0001) levels were lower in mice supplemented with maritime pine oil than in those treated with coconut oil. These effects were accounted for by a lowering of LDL-cholesterol, LDL-phospholipids and LDL-triglycerides, as well as a decrease in HDL-cholesterol and HDL-phospholipids. After 8 weeks of dietary treatment cholesterol and cholate, the mean area of aortic lesions was not statistically different between fat groups. CONCLUSIONS: Feeding maritime pine oil is associated with major changes of lipid and lipoprotein levels in hApoB mice. However, in the long term, maritime pine oil has no preventive effect on cholesterol-induced aortic lesion development in hApoB mice.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Polymorphisms in the insulin response element of APOC-III gene promoter influence the correlation between insulin and triglycerides or triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in humans.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the -455 and -482 mutations in APOC-III gene insulin response element affect the relationships between plasma insulin and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein levels. DESIGN: Population-based studies. SUBJECTS: The population sample was composed of 983 subjects (485 men and 498 women), aged between 35 and 65 y, randomly sampled from the electoral rolls in Northern France and stratified on gender and 10 y age groups. MEASUREMENTS: Plasma triglyceride, apolipoprotein C-III, apoB, LpC-III:B and LpE:B lipoprotein particles and insulin levels were measured. Two polymorphisms in APOC-III gene insulin response element (T-->C at -455 and/or C-->T at -482) were determined. RESULTS: Plasma insulin was positively correlated to triglyceride levels (P<0.0001), apo C-III (P<0.003), LpC-III:B (P<0.0001), apoB (P<0.0001) and LpE:B (P<0.0001). This association differed significantly according to APOC-III insulin response element polymorphisms. The relationship between insulin and LpC-III:B (P<0.02) or apoB (P<0.02) was greater in women bearing the C allele of -455 than the T allele. Similarly, the relationship between insulin and LpC-III:B (P<0.02) or LpE:B (P<0.05) was greater in women bearing the T allele of -482 than the C allele. There was no evidence for any effect in men. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the relationship between plasma insulin and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein levels is partly influenced by polymorphisms in APOC-III insulin response element.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone exerts marked lipid-lowering effects in simvastatin-treated patients.

OBJECTIVE: Recently, it was reported that treatment with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) has a strong lipid-lowering effect in healthy individuals. The mechanism behind this has not been established. The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of ACTH on the plasma lipoprotein pattern in patients treated with a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor. DESIGN: The ACTH treatment was given to 10 patients who were on long-term treatment with simvastatin 40 mg daily. ACTHI-24 was administered at the dose of 1 mg daily for four consecutive days. Blood samples for analyses of lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins were collected before and after treatment. Second baseline was obtained 2 weeks after the end of treatment. RESULTS: The serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein(a) fell significantly by 16, 23, 23, 10 and 38%, respectively. The serum apolipoprotein E concentration increased significantly by 39%; the fraction that was not associated with apolipoprotein B increased by 47% whereas the fraction that was did not change significantly. There were no changes in the serum concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein AI. At the second baseline, the lipid variables had generally returned to previous levels. CONCLUSIONS: In patients on long-term simvastatin treatment, ACTH had marked lowering effects on the lipoproteins that contain apolipoprotein B. Moreover, the serum apolipoprotein E concentration increased significantly in response to ACTH treatment.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed2001

Association between nutrition knowledge and nutritional intake in middle-aged men from Northern France.

OBJECTIVE: The way in which nutrition knowledge transforms into dietary behaviour and nutrient intake may vary among populations. Therefore, the goal of the study was to examine whether nutrition knowledge is associated with nutritional intake in middle-aged men who are at major risk of cardiovascular disease. DESIGN: Cross-sectional population study aimed at comparing the response to a nutrition quiz with food habits and nutrient intake determined by a 3-day food record. SETTING: Men of the Urban Community of Lille (France) examined at home. SUBJECTS: 361 men aged 45-64 y, randomly selected from the electoral rolls. RESULTS: Subjects were separated in a high-score and a low-score group according to their responses to the nutrition quiz. Subjects in the high-score group had better educational and higher income levels than those from the low-score group. Multivariate analysis, adjusting on educational and socio-economic levels and other confounding variables - such as age, body mass index, cigarette smoking, physical activity and energy intake underreporting - showed that subjects in the high-score group were more often consumers of olive oil (36 vs. 12%; ), cheese (85 vs. 76%; or cereals (27 vs. 15%; and less often consumers of sunflower oil (51 vs. 68%; or dry vegetables (12 vs. 22%; than those in the low-score group. Subjects in the high-score group had lower intakes of fat vs. and especially of monounsaturated fat of animal origin vs. than individuals in the low-score group. CONCLUSION: Nutrition quiz score is associated with specific patterns of food choices and nutrient intake suggesting that nutrition knowledge influences dietary behaviour in middle-aged men from Northern France.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2001

Effects of short-term treatment with corticotropin on the serum apolipoprotein pattern.

Treatment with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) has a well-documented cholesterol-lowering effect. Increased uptake of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by HepG2 cells in response to incubation with ACTH has been demonstrated but the precise cholesterol-lowering mechanism has resisted elucidation. Since apolipoproteins are important determinants of lipoprotein metabolism, we sought to extend the knowledge of the effect of ACTH treatment on the serum apolipoprotein (apo) pattern. Twelve healthy individuals and 14 dyslipoproteinemic hemodialysis patients were recruited. The two groups responded similarly to ACTH1-24 at the dose of 1 mg daily for four days. In accordance with previous results, serum concentrations of total cholesterol decreased by 18% and 17%, LDL cholesterol by 25% and 30%, and apo B by 20% and 19%, respectively, while there were no significant changes in the serum concentrations of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apo AI. Novel findings were that the serum concentrations of total apo E increased by 48% and 31%, and apo B-associated apo E by 69% and 46%, respectively. Moreover, in the healthy individuals, the serum concentrations of apo CIII did not change in response to ACTH, whereas in the hemodialysis patients, those of apo CIII not associated with apo B increased significantly by 44%. Since apo E binds strongly to the LDL receptor, the present results suggest that the cholesterol-lowering effect of ACTH may be mediated by facilitated hepatic uptake of apo E-enriched apo B-containing lipoproteins. Thus, the findings stimulate further research.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed2001

Lack of triglyceride-lowering properties of fish oil in apolipoprotein e-deficient mice.

Fish oil is a potent triglyceride (TG)-lowering agent in humans. The goal of the present study was to assess the contribution of decreased triglyceride synthesis and of apoE in mediation of the triglyceride-lowering effect of fish oil. To this end, apoE-deficient mice and wild-type control mice were supplemented with either coconut oil, sunflower oil, or fish oil (20% wt/wt) for 2 weeks. Compared with coconut oil and sunflower oil, fish oil reduced the concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides in the wild-type mice, whereas it had no effect on cholesterol concentration and it had a triglyceride-raising effect in apoE-deficient mice. The latter was due to increased triglyceride concentrations in the d<1.019 g/mL plasma density fraction. In apoE-deficient mice, but not in wild-type mice, the postprandial triglyceride area under the curve was higher after an intragastric load of fish oil than after a sunflower oil load. These data indicate an impairment of triglyceride metabolism in the fish oil-fed apoE-deficient mice. Compared with coconut oil and sunflower oil, fish oil lowered triglyceride production rates measured with the Triton method in both wild-type (P<0.0001) and apoE-deficient mice (P<0.0001). Similarly, in vitro lipoprotein lipase-mediated lipolysis of VLDL was lowered in the fish oil-fed wild-type and apoE-deficient mice, suggesting an alteration in VLDL lipolysis independent of the mice genotype. In conclusion, fish oil does not decrease triglyceride concentrations in apoE-deficient mice despite reducing triglyceride production rates, suggesting that decreased triglyceride synthesis is not sufficient to lower triglyceride concentrations in mice. ApoE appears to be necessary for fish oil to lower plasma triglyceride concentrations, indicating a critical role of apoE in this process.

Analysis of Variance↗