Biomedical subjects

J Darmawan

Publications and source records attributed to J Darmawan.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1998

Epidemiology of rheumatic disease in rural Thailand: a WHO-ILAR COPCORD study. Community Oriented Programme for the Control of Rheumatic Disease.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence rates of musculoskeletal disorders in a rural population of Thailand. METHODS: Nurses applied the WHO-ILAR COPCORD Core Questionnaire to 2463 rural subjects 15 years of age and over. Respondents who had current musculoskeletal pain were examined by 2 rheumatologists within one week after the interview survey. Radiographic and serologic examinations were carried out when required to classify categories of rheumatic disease. RESULTS: Response rates of the interview survey and examination were 99.7 and 94.2%, respectively. Musculoskeletal pain ever by interview was found in 36.2% of respondents. Of these, 22.7, 12.5, 6.5, and 5% had back, knee, hip region, and neck pain, respectively. Four hundred thirty-one cases (17.6%) who had musculoskeletal pain within 7 days of the interview were examined by rheumatologists, who confirmed 12.8, 5.7, 0.08, and 3.4% had back, knee, hip, and neck abnormalities, respectively. Four hundred fifty-eight (18.6%) had past musculoskeletal pain. Total disability rate was 3%, comprising 3.3% in women and 2.6% in men. Treatment rates by self-medication for current and past musculoskeletal pain were 60.3% in women, 65.7% in men. Therapy was by physician 52.1%, paramedics 9.7%, and masseur 6.8%. The rates of disease prevalence were osteoarthritis 11.3%, myofascial pain syndrome 6.3%, low back pain 4.0%, arthralgia 3.2%, gout 0.16%, rheumatoid arthritis and seronegative spondyloarthropathy each 0.12%, and mixed connective tissue disease and unclassified autoimmune disease each 0.04%. CONCLUSION: Back and knee pain caused the greatest burdens of disease, resulting mostly from joint degeneration.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

The prevalence of soft tissue rheumatism. A who-ilar copcord study.

The prevalence of various forms of soft tissue rheumatism, including painful low back syndrome (PLBS), painful restricted shoulder syndrome (PRSS), and epicondylitis without an underlying specific rheumatic disease, and the resultant loss of time from work were determined in a total population of 4,683 rural and 1,103 urban subjects aged 15 years and over in Central Java, Indonesia. In the rural study, 763 respondents with, and 355 respondents without complaints were examined. The urban survey evaluated 925 subjects. Prevalence rates in the rural and urban subjects were 20.0% and 25.8%, respectively, for PLBS, 14.5% and 16.2%, respectively, for PRSS, and 5.8% and 7.5%, respectively, for epicondylitis. Lost time from work in the rural and urban subjects was 9% and 2.2%, respectively, for PLBS, 5% and 1.1%, respectively for PRSS, and 2% and 1.3%, respectively for epicondylitis. The mean number of lost work days per year in the rural and urban subjects were 15.3 and 21.1, respectively, for PLBS, 8.1 and 15.2, respectively, for PRSS, and 3.9 and 2.3, respectively for epicondylitis. Thus, these forms of soft tissue rheumatism exerted significant effects on community life, apart from causing pain and discomfort. Work days lost directly means diminished income in populations lacking any form of unemployment benefits.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Gout and hyperuricaemia.

We have recounted the remarkable story of gout and hyperuricaemia in the indigenous populations of the Pacific and noted the recent identification of the same problem in communities in rural Indonesia. Gout is increasingly recognized in African populations, especially in urban centres. There is no doubt that gout is 'alive and well' and presents a continuing challenge to future generations in developing countries.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

Case study: World Health Organization-International League of Associations for Rheumatology Community-Oriented Programme for the Control of Rheumatic Diseases (WHO-ILAR COPCORD) in Indonesia and Brazil.

The three-stage World Health Organization-International League of Associations for Rheumatology Community Oriented Programme for Control of Rheumatic Disease (WHO-ILAR COPCORD) is described. Stage I results from Indonesia and Brazil are presented. This is a needs-based approach that offers efficiency in large-scale survey research that aims to estimate the prevalence of rheumatic diseases. It saves human resources, time, and cost in the collection of epidemiologic data. Awaited with interest are the results of the next two stages of COPCORD, which involve the development of educational programs on rheumatic disease and the evaluation of their impact on the burden of illness.

Brazil↗

PubMed1994

Guidelines for use of antirheumatic drugs.

The Vth WHO/ILAR Task Force Meeting on Rhemuatic Diseases ratified guidelines for the use of antirheumatic drugs. Indications for use, contraindications, dose, administration and other usage principles, toxicity, and advice to patients have been agreed for analgesics, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, slower acting antirheumatic drugs, corticosteroids, and hypouricemic agents.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed1993

Nodules of the shoulder girdle in two Indonesian villages.

During a community survey of rheumatic complaints in a Javanese rural population, fibrous shoulder girdle nodules having a consistent form and position were observed in seven men. This was 2.3% of 303 men with complaints examined from a total population of 2184 men surveyed by house-to-house interviews (response rate 95.2%). Nodules were not seen in any of the 640 women examined with complaints from a total population of 2499, nor were they seen in 130 men and 159 women with complaints from an urban population of 481 men and 590 women over the age of 15 years. It was considered most likely that these shoulder nodules were the result of longstanding repetitive mechanical irritation due to carrying heavy loads by a resilient wooden pole balanced across the shoulder.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

The epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis in Indonesia.

The prevalence of RA was investigated as part of a house-to-house survey of musculoskeletal pain in a total population of 4683 rural and 1071 urban subjects 15 years of age and over in Central Java. Those identified as having peripheral joint pain of more than 6 weeks duration (82 men and 129 women) were examined by a rheumatologist (JD) and serology tests and X-rays arranged. The prevalence of definite RA by ARA criteria was 0.2% in rural and 0.3% in urban subjects. The severity of diagnosed cases was indicated by Steinbrocker's functional classification of grades 2 and 3 and erosive arthritis on hand X-rays of grades 2-4. The low prevalence rate of RA compared with that found in developed countries is due partly to the different age structure of the population and lower life expectancy. There is also evidence of high mortality from the disease. This is thought to be due to the deprived socio-economic circumstances, the intermittent use of high dose corticosteroids and the frequent presence of severe infections in these communities. These factors should be considered when assessing the low prevalence of RA in surveys in other developing countries.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Arthritis community education by leather puppet (wayang kulit) shadow play in rural Indonesia (Java).

As part of the WHO/International League Against Rheumatism (ILAR) sponsored community organized programme for the control of rheumatic disease (COPCORD), an arthritis community education programme (ACE) was undertaken utilizing the traditional form of entertainment in a rural area in Central Java-the wayang. The point prevalence rate of musculoskeletal complaints was estimated in 4683 men & women aged 15 years and over by house-to-house interviews. From 1105 respondents recording recent musculoskeletal pain, 844 were randomly selected and half the latter attended a puppet shadow play (wayang) incorporating the ACE. The other half, matched for age, sex and educational level who did not see the play, served as controls. A questionnaire containing biphasic choices of correct or incorrect ways of performing activities of daily living (ADL) to minimize musculoskeletal problems was administered to the whole group before, 1 month and 6 months after the wayang. Increased knowledge of correct ways of performing ADL (correct ADL) in the intervention group compared with the control group at 1 and 6 months after wayang was significant (P less than 0.05). Comprehension of correct ADL following the wayang could be demonstrated even in subjects who were illiterate and those who had attended primary school only. Retention of knowledge at the 6 month assessment declined more markedly in the illiterate group. ACE by wayang was shown to be feasible and effective in transferring knowledge on ADL to people with musculoskeletal problems in the sample population in Java. This effect could be shown even in the poorly educated section of the community.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Epidemiology of rheumatic diseases in rural and urban populations in Indonesia: a World Health Organisation International League Against Rheumatism COPCORD study, stage I, phase 2.

To determine the incidence of musculoskeletal pain, disabilities, and help seeking behaviour, a questionnaire was administered to a rural population of 2184 men and 2499 women and an urban population of 481 men and 590 women aged over 15 years by house to house interviews with completion rates of 95.2% (rural) and 97.1% (urban). The incidences of pain in the joints, back, or neck were 23.6% (rural) and 31.3% (urban). The incidence of disability due to an inability to walk, lift, carry, and dress was 2.8% (rural) and 0.9% (urban). The percentage of the population with pain who had to stop work owing to disability was 75% (rural) and 78% (urban). Official health care facilities were used by 62% (rural) and 71% (urban) of the population. Traditional health care was used by 87% (rural) and 89% (urban). The high percentage of subjects unable to work was due to a predominance of manual labour occupations (rural, 90%, urban, 80%). The age and sex specific incidence of rheumatic diseases in these populations were similar to other developing and developed countries. The primary rheumatology service was inadequate due to the low priority given by the health service to non-communicable diseases and inadequate rheumatology teaching of the primary health care doctors during undergraduate training. Musculoskeletal pain is a major public health problem in Indonesia and is still not fully appreciated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

The epidemiology of gout and hyperuricemia in a rural population of Java.

The prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia was investigated by a survey of a total population of 4683 rural adults. The successful response rate was 95.2%. Of the respondents 85.3% of the individuals were examined. The prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in men was 1.7 and 24.3%, respectively. The male to female ratio was 34:1 for gout and 2:1 for hyperuricemia. The observed higher prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in this male Malayo-Polynesian population compared with Caucasian data, in spite of a lower life expectancy and subsistence economy, suggests that genetic and racial predisposition are key causative factors.

Adolescent↗