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Biomedical subjects

J Darroch

Publications and source records attributed to J Darroch.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Location of urethral arteries by colour Doppler ultrasound.

STUDY DESIGN: A case report. SETTING: Regional Spinal Injuries Centre, Southport, UK. CASE REPORT: A 56-year-old male with complete paraplegia at T-4 underwent visual internal urethrotomy of bulbous urethral stricture with a cold knife at 12 o'clock position. There was brisk arterial bleeding. Despite receiving antibiotics, this patient developed hypotension, tachycardia and tachypnoea. He was resuscitated and mechanical ventilation was instituted. After he recovered from this life-threatening episode of urinary tract-related sepsis, colour Doppler ultrasound imaging of bulbous urethra was performed to locate urethral arteries. In the bulbous urethra, single urethral artery was seen at 12 o'clock position. CONCLUSION: Since the sites of urethral arteries vary among patients, it is advisable to assess individually the location of urethral arteries preoperatively and plan the site of incision accordingly. Persons with injury to cervical or upper dorsal spinal cord have decreased cardiac and respiratory reserve as well as alteration in immune function. Therefore, all possible measures should be taken to prevent acute blood loss and bacteraemia in this group of patients.

Arteries↗
PubMed2003

Sex differences in the experience of testing positive for genital chlamydia infection: a qualitative study with implications for public health and for a national screening programme.

OBJECTIVES: To explore men's and women's accounts of chlamydia testing, with a view to understanding sex differences in attitudes and in behaviours of public health importance. METHODS: Semistructured interviews with 24 heterosexual patients (12 men; 12 women) diagnosed with genital chlamydia infection, at a large sexual health clinic in central London were transcribed and analysed using qualitative thematic analysis. RESULTS: Participants' expressions revealed important sex differences. Women felt anxious about their future reproductive health, feared stigmatisation, and blamed themselves for contracting chlamydia; whereas men generally reported less concern, were unwilling to disclose their condition to sexual partners, and some men projected attributions of blame onto their partners. Delays in seeking care appeared to be related to perceptions of chlamydia as a relatively minor infection, particularly in men. CONCLUSIONS: Health promotion needs to reflect sex and age differences, emphasising the negative consequences of delayed clinic attendance and exposure to repeat infections. For health professionals to respond appropriately and effectively to increasing numbers of chlamydia infections, there is a need to understand men's avoidant attitudes and behaviours in relation to sexual and reproductive health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Biologic synergism and parallelism.

In epidemiologic studies of two binary exposure factors, much attention has been given to the concept of synergism of the factors. The leading dictionary of epidemiology offers two definitions of synergism, one of which this author labels statistical and the other biologic. The epidemiologic literature has been largely concerned with statistical synergism, which is typically measured using additive or multiplicative interaction. This paper focuses on biologic synergism, on the related concept of biologic parallelism, and on the question of how much information can be gleaned about population amounts of biologic synergism and parallelism--information which is of vital interest to epidemiologists. A fundamental identity equates the difference between the amounts of biologic synergism and parallelism to the additive interaction. Two biologic models, the multistage model and the no-hit or immunity model, enhance the interpretation of multiplicative interaction as a measure of statistical synergism, but it is pointed out here that, unfortunately, both models incorporate the strong assumption that there is no parallelism. A third model, the single-hit or vulnerability model, makes the even stronger assumption that there is no biologic synergism and consequently that the additive interaction is equal to minus the amount of parallelism. A consequence of this fact is that a link which has been perceived in the literature to exist between the single-hit model and the additive interaction is false.

Epidemiologic Methods↗