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Biomedical subjects

J Davie

Publications and source records attributed to J Davie.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Continuation rates of long-acting methods of contraception. A comparative study of Norplant implants and intrauterine devices.

Following adverse widespread publicity in the United Kingdom and the United States, it is commonly believed that discontinuation rates for the contraceptive implants Norplant in the UK are high. We have compared discontinuation rates between new intrauterine device (IUD) users (253 women) and new Norplant implant users (502 women) over 33 months following the introduction of Norplant implants among a population of women attending the same clinic and counseled in the same manner by the same group of providers. Women choosing the IUD were slightly older and were more likely to be changing their contraceptive method because of dissatisfaction with their current method. Nor plant implant users were more likely to have completed their families. Continuation rates for Norplant implants were significantly higher than for IUD at 12, 18, and 24 months after insertion. At 24 months, continuation rates for Norplant implants were 72% compared with rates of 55% for IUD users. Higher continuation rates may be related more to factors associated with the providers than with the users of these two long-acting methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The introduction of a new contraceptive; two years experience with Norplant.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the uptake, acceptability and continuation rates of a new contraceptive implant, Norplant. DESIGN: Review of case notes of all acceptors during the two years following the introduction of the implant. SETTING: A large family planning clinic in Edinburgh. SUBJECTS: All women choosing Norplant. RESULTS: 508 women chose Norplant, many as an alternative to sterilisation or because they had experienced problems with other methods of contraception. 9% of women were lost to follow-up. Of the remainder continuation rates were 84% at one year and 80% after 18 months of use. 43% of women gave bleeding problems as the reason for removal. However the combination of weight gain, mood swings, depression and headache was frequently reported as unwanted side effects by women seeking removal. No major problems were experienced with either insertion or removal of Norplant. CONCLUSIONS: Norplant is an effective method of contraception which many women find attractive. The incidence of erratic bleeding is high but many women tolerate this problem because the method is easy to use and lasts five years. Careful counselling is essential for high continuation rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Demonstration of active tolerance in maintenance of established islet of Langerhans allografts.

Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice can be reversed by transplantation of islets of Langerhans from histoincompatible mice if the islets are treated with anti-Ia-serum and complement before transplantation. Here we show that anti-Ia-treated islets most likely induce tolerance in the recipient animals. Daily injections of recipient-specific anti-I-J-serum (beginning 80 or more days after transplantation) and small numbers of donor splenocytes caused the prompt rejection of the islets in half of the animals; neither anti-I-J-serum nor donor splenocytes alone were effective. It is likely that rejection of established allografts after this treatment is the result of abolition of the activity of allograft-specific suppressor cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Antiphosphocholine antibodies found in normal mouse serum are protective against intravenous infection with type 3 streptococcus pneumoniae.

The antiphosphocholine (PC) antibody in normal mouse sera (NMS) provides protection against intravenous infection with encapsulated strain WU2 of type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mice unable to make anti-PC antibody, as a result of suppression with anti-T-15 idiotype or inheritance of the xid gene of CAB/N mice, are highly susceptible to infection with strain WU2. Mice inheriting the xid gene can be protected with NMS from immunologically normal mice or with IgM hybridoma anti-PC antibody. The protective effect of NMS can be removed with PC-containing immunoabsorbents.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Prolongation of murine islet allograft survival by pretreatment of islets with antibody directed to Ia determinants.

Islets of Langerhans treated with donor-specific anti-Ia serum and complement were transplanted across a major histocompatibility barrier into nonimmunosuppressed diabetic mice. The allografts survived in all recipients for at least 200 days after transplantation. Rejection of an established allograft could be induced by intravenous injection of donor splenocytes. This demonstrates that allografts can serve as targets for immune rejection and supports the possible role of Ia-positive passenger lymphoid cells in initiation of immune rejection. The results show that immunosuppression of the recipient is not a prerequisite for successful transplantation.

Animals↗