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Biomedical subjects

J DeLeo

Publications and source records attributed to J DeLeo.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

An in vivo comparison of the antimicrobial activities of three mouthrinses.

The purpose of this in vivo study was to determine and compare the antimicrobial effectiveness of three commercial mouthrinses and a water control. The antimicrobial efficacy of the products was determined against aerobic, micro-aerophilic, and anaerobic bacteria. Twenty human subjects participated in this study. At each experimental session for a given subject, a pre-test saliva sample was taken. This sample was divided and used to grow three bacteria cultures under the different incubation environments. After giving the pre-test sample, the subject rinsed with one of the mouthrinses or the water control for 30 seconds, then waited one hour, at which time a post-test saliva sample was collected. Again, the sample was divided and used to culture the different types of bacteria. Following a 48-hour incubation period, the numbers of microbial colonies on each plate were counted and compared. The results indicated that all of the mouthrinses tested performed significantly better than the water control. Herbal Mouth and Gum Therapy and Peridex did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in inhibiting aerobic, microaerophilic, and anaerobic bacteria. Both Herbal Mouth and Gum Therapy and Peridex were significantly more effective than Listerine in inhibiting the three different types of bacteria.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Prospective validation of an acute respiratory distress syndrome predictive score.

We derived an Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Score (ARDS Score) from previously described training set data. To validate its diagnostic accuracy for identifying a complicated course (early death or prolonged intubation) in acute lung injury, 50 patients were prospectively scored using an ARDS Score decision threshold of > or = 2.5 to discriminate between an uncomplicated (successful extubation after < or = 14 d) and complicated course. Predictor factors incorporated in the ARDS Score were collected on Day 4 and Day 7 of ARDS and included PaO2/PAO2 ratio, required positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and chest radiograph progression. The diagnostic accuracy of the ARDS Score for determining a complicated course as well as overall survival was compared with three other available indices. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the ARDS Score and Lung Injury Score (LIS) had the greatest diagnostic accuracy for determining a complicated course, but the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS Score) (score > or = 14) more accurately identified survival. The LIS components of static respiratory system compliance (Crs) and chest radiograph description did not differ between patient groups. The interobserver concordance of the dynamic chest radiograph interpretation included in the ARDS Score was significant (p < 0.05). We conclude that the previously derived ARDS Score has valid diagnostic accuracy for identifying patients with ARDS who will follow a complicated course.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Nitric oxide hemoglobin in mice and rats in endotoxic shock.

Mice given ip bacterial endotoxin (LPS) at 10 mg/kg showed a statistically significant decrease in plasma glucose and an increase in hematocrit at 2 h after injection. Glucose was still decreased at 4 h, but the hematocrit had returned to control values. Nitrosylated hemoglobin (HbNO) was detected at 3, but not at 2 h. By 4 h it had increased 5-fold. When N-monomethylarginine (NMMA) at 100 mg/kg, ip was given 2 h after LPS in mice, the HbNO concentration at 4 h was significantly reduced, but the hypoglycemia was worsened because NMMA itself produced a significant hypoglycemia. Rats given iv LPS, 20 mg/kg, showed a fleeting, transient rise in mean arterial pressure (MAP) lasting only a few min. Thereafter, the MAP tended to drift slowly downward over 4 h, but when the MAP at 30 min intervals was compared to the pre-LPS MAP, there were no significant differences. Plasma glucose in unanesthetized rats was significantly elevated at 1 h, back to control at 2 h, and significantly decreased at 3 h. HbNO was detected as early as 1 h after injection. By 2 h the HbNO concentrations exceeded the highest levels found in mice, and they were still increasing as late as 5 h after injection. Unanesthetized rats showed toxic signs and 3/12 rats died within 4 hours of LPS administration. These results are consistent with a model for endotoxic shock in which LPS stimulates an inducible pathway for NO synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Propentofylline (HWA 285) protects hippocampal neurons of Mongolian gerbils against ischemic damage in the presence of an adenosine antagonist.

The effect of the xanthine derivatives theophylline and propentofylline (HWA 285) on postischemic selective nerve cell damage was studied in the hippocampus of the Mongolian gerbil and assessed by measuring the decrease of Nissl staining in the CA1 area. Theophylline administered 15 min prior to a 2-min period of bilateral carotid occlusion led within 4 days to a marked damage of CA1 neurons which was not seen in untreated animals. Prolongation of the ischemic period to 5 min led to the same degree of damage in theophylline-treated and untreated animals revealing that the protective power of endogenous adenosine is limited. In contrast to theophylline, treatment with propentofylline (10 mg/kg, i.p.) antagonized cell death; such a protection by propentofylline was also achieved after 5 min ischemia in animals treated with theophylline. This indicates that propentofylline does not exert its protective effect via adenosine-mediated mechanisms.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1988

Protection against ischemic brain damage using propentofylline in gerbils.

We studied the xanthine derivative propentofylline (HWA 285) to determine its protection against ischemic brain damage when administered before and after ischemia. Transient forebrain ischemia was produced in 81 Mongolian gerbils by occluding both carotid arteries. The necessary surgery was performed under anesthesia with intraperitoneal pentobarbital/chloral hydrate 2 days before occlusion. We tested the parameters delayed selective hippocampal nerve cell damage, generation of seizures, and survival. Determination of the dose-response relation revealed the optimal dose of HWA 285 to be 10 mg/kg i.p. The effect of the drug on delayed selective nerve cell damage in the hippocampus was assessed by measuring the intensity of Nissl staining in the CA1 area by means of densitometry 4 days after a 10-minute occlusion. Gerbils treated with HWA 285 revealed significant protection of the CA1 neurons even when the drug was applied 1 hour after the end of the occlusion. In contrast to HWA 285, pentobarbital provided no detectable protection of the CA1 neurons in our experimental model when administered 1 hour after occlusion, suggesting different mechanisms of action. After a 15-minute occlusion, all six untreated gerbils developed convulsions and died within 2 days. Chronic (daily) treatment of nine gerbils with HWA 285 prevented the generation of convulsions in eight and allowed seven to survive for greater than 12 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Ischemia-induced neuronal cell death, calcium accumulation, and glial response in the hippocampus of the Mongolian gerbil and protection by propentofylline (HWA 285).

The localization and timing of cellular calcium loading and glial cell reaction in relation to selective death of hippocampal neurons was studied in Mongolian gerbils following transient forebrain ischemia. Two days after a 5-min period of ischemia, heavy calcium staining was histochemically demonstrated in circumscribed groups of nerve cells, located in the transition zone between the CA1 and CA3 areas. This preceded complete neuronal cell death that was quantitatively assessed by measuring the intensity of Nissl staining. After a 12-min period of ischemia, extensive calcium loading was observed in conjunction with severe neuronal damage throughout the CA1 region as well in the dorsal nuclei of the thalamus. The extent of calcium staining decreased with time and was not seen at stages later than 7 days. Already at 2 days after a 5-min period of ischemia, a strong increase of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity was seen. This indicates a marked and early hypertrophy of astrocytes that was not accompanied by an obvious proliferation. Neither the astrocytic response nor the neuronal calcium accumulation were observed in gerbils pretreated with propentofylline, HWA 285 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) 15 min before bilateral carotid artery occlusion. Also, the decrease of Nissl staining in the CA1 area after 5 and 12 min of ischemia was considerably less pronounced and did not significantly differ from sham-operated controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

An unanesthetized-gerbil model of cerebral ischemia-induced behavioral changes.

A surgical procedure has been developed to study the effects of cerebral ischemia in the unanesthetized Mongolian gerbil. The methodology is based upon the surgical isolation and instrumentation of both common carotid arteries. A loop of dental floss is placed around each carotid artery and passed through double lumen catheter material; this allows for later occlusion of the carotid arteries and their release in unanesthetized subjects. Functional changes following transient carotid artery occlusion are readily demonstrated by the occurrence of altered spontaneous locomotor activity at various times postischemia. This model should be useful in the evaluation of potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of cerebral ischemia.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1976

Psychotherapeutic control of hypertension.

We conducted a six-month trial to determine the effect of psychologic relaxation on blood pressure. Alterations of peripheral sympathetic-nervous-system activity, as reflected by changes of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in plasma, were evaluated, and plasma volume and plasma renin activity were measured. Treated patients exhibited significant (P less than 0.05) reductions of blood pressure when supine and upright, and of plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity, and furosemide-stimulated renin activity when upright. Blood-pressure changes after six months correlated best with differences in plasma activity of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase with patients supine (r = 0.54; P less than 0.05) and upright (r = 0.62; P less than 0.05). These results suggest that reduction of peripheral adrenergic activity contributes importantly to the improvement of hypertension observed with this form of therapy. Furthermore, the decrease of furosemide-stimulated plasma renin activity suggests that alterations of the renin-angiotensin system may help lower blood pressure in certain patients.

Adult↗