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J Delanghe

Publications and source records attributed to J Delanghe.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Associations between haptoglobin polymorphism, lipids, lipoproteins and inflammatory variables.

The haptoglobin allele frequencies and the phenotype distribution were determined in 741 male Caucasian workers, aged 35 to 59 years. The association of the haptoglobin polymorphism with various clinical and biochemical parameters was investigated. Furthermore a possible interaction with the apo E polymorphism on lipid and lipoprotein traits was analysed. The frequency of Hp1 and Hp2 was found to be 0.401 and 0.599, respectively. The observed distribution of Hp types (Hp 1-1, 15.5%; Hp 2-1, 49.3%; Hp 2-2, 35.2%) was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake and blood pressure were comparable between the three Hp groups. Subjects with Hp 2-2 had significantly higher serum total and free cholesterol concentration compared to those in other haptoglobin types (P = 0.006 and P = 0.003). Similarly, apo B levels were significantly higher among Hp 2-2 individuals (P = 0.02). No significant differences were demonstrated between the Hp phenotypes in HDL cholesterol, apo A-I, apo E, Lp(a), cholesteryl esters, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein concentrations, although for the latter an increase was noticed in Hp 2-2. The effects of Hp type and apo E type on Lp(a) and on free cholesterol levels were found to be significantly multiplicative, with the highest free cholesterol values observed in subjects having Hp 2-2 and the apo epsilon4 allele. Significantly lower Lp(a) levels were observed in individuals carrying Hp 1-1 and an epsilon2 allele than in subjects without the epsilon2 allele. In conclusion, haptoglobin polymorphism may play an important role in the regulation of lipoprotein metabolism and could contribute to the risk of coronary heart disease. Larger samples are needed to clarify the clinical relevance of the gene-gene (Hp-apo E) interaction on lipids and lipoproteins.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Haptoglobin polymorphism and peripheral arterial occlusive disease.

Haptoglobin (Hp) 2-2 phenotype is a genetic risk factor in coronary atherosclerosis. In this study, haptoglobin phenotypes were determined in 141 patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) and compared to a reference population (n = 1000). The relative Hp1 allele frequency was decreased among PAOD patients (0.294 vs. 0.403 for the reference population, P < 0.01) due to an overrepresentation of the Hp 2-2 phenotype (50%, odds ratio 1.82 (95% C.I. 1.28-2.60), P < 0.001). This finding was even more pronounced in non-diabetic and in non-smoking PAOD patients (Hp1 allele frequencies: 0.265 and 0.228, respectively). Serum lipids, inflammatory parameters, and blood pressure levels were comparable among the Hp phenotypes, but serum levels of the antioxidant vitamin C were lower in Hp 2-2 patients than in patients with another phenotype (P < 0.05). In PAOD patients with severe atherosclerotic lesions, maximal walking distance of patients carrying a Hp 2-2 phenotype (225-525 m) exceeded that of other Hp phenotypes (50-242 m) (interquartile ranges) (P < 0.05). The findings demonstrate that, despite an increased risk for developing PAOD, the Hp 2-2 phenotype is associated with a longer maximal walking distance which might be attributed to the earlier reported in vitro angiogenic properties of the Hp 2-2 molecule.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Elevated tubular proteinuria, albuminuria and decreased urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity following unilateral total ureteral obstruction in rats.

UNLABELLED: Urinary tubular proteinuria and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity has not yet been studied after unilateral total ureteral obstruction (UTO). The aim of the study was (1) to evaluate in a longitudinal study (7 weeks) the behaviour and the potential clinical value of tubular proteinuria and urinary NAG activity after UTO; (2) to study the physiopathology of the non-obstructed contralateral kidney by using these two different markers of tubular damage. METHODS: in 28 female, adult Wistar rats (UTO: n = 16, sham: n = 12), tubular proteinuria and urinary NAG activity were measured before and 1 and 5 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: a significant (P < 0.01) increase in tubular proteinuria/creatinine ratio and urinary creatinine and a decrease in urinary NAG activity was found 1 week after UTO. All parameters normalized after 6 weeks. Albuminuria increased progressively (P < 0.01) during the study. CONCLUSION: tubular proteinuria increases during the first week following UTO in rats. The initial increase of low molecular weight proteins following UTO is not due to tubular damage as no parallel increase of urinary NAG was found. We suggest an initial tubular overperfusion with primary urine, due to an increased single nephron glomerular filtration and overruling the reabsorption capacity of the proximal tubules.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1998

Diagnosis and localization of a complicated urinary tract infection in neurogenic bladder disease by tubular proteinuria and serum prostate specific antigen.

INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infection is the most frequent complication occurring in patients with spinal cord injuries and can cause renal failure and male infertility. We used the urinary alpha-1-microglobulin (alpha 1Mg) as a marker for pyelonephritis and the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) as a marker for prostatitis with reference to the currently available methods. The aim of our study is (1) to differentiate between upper (pyelonephritis) and lower urinary tract infection (cystitis, prostatitis) in neurogenic bladder disease, (2) to determine if high (< or = 38.5 degrees C) fever in a neurogenic bladder disease patient was due to urological (prostatitis, pyelonephritis) causes or not. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated 147 patients of whom 27 had acute pyelonephritis, 16 had prostatitis with fever, 13 had chronic pyelonephritis, 68 had cystitis; 23 were control patients of whom nine had fever (< or = 38.5 degrees C) and 14 did not. The diagnoses and localizations were made on the basis of clinical evidence, with a CT scan, urography, bladder wash-out tests, and five glass-specimen tests. The urinary alpha 1Mg was determined using latex enhanced immunonephelometry and the serum PSA was measured using RIA. RESULTS: For the urinary alpha 1Mg, the sensitivity is 96% and the specificity 93% for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. The serum PSA has a sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 96% in the diagnosis of prostatitis. The urinary alpha 1Mg has a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 56% and the serum PSA has a sensitivity of 68% and a specificity of 100% in the differential diagnosis of prostatitis and pyelonephritis. The best discriminative parameter between pyelonephritis and prostatitis was the urinary alpha 1Mg/serum PSA ratio with a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 88%. CONCLUSION: Upper-tract infection with fever can be diagnosed in neurogenic bladder disease by determining the urinary alpha 1Mg. In male patients, the serum PSA should be determined to distinguish upper-tract infection from prostatitis. High fever does not significantly influence our parameters so that we can differentiate whether or not high fever is due to urological causes.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Combined use of urinary alpha1-microglobulin and 99mTc DMSA scintigraphy in the diagnosis and follow-up of acute pyelonephritis and cystitis in children.

OBJECTIVES: In the absence of specific symptomatology in children and neurogenic bladder disease patients, the early diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis is a challenge. The aim of the present study was to determine if dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) lesion-positive (acute pyelonephritis) patients have elevated urinary alpha1-microglobulin (alpha1-MG) excretion (no false negatives) and if DMSA lesion-negative (cystitis) patients have normal urinary alpha1-MG excretion (no false positives). METHODS: A selected population of 62 children above 3 months of age with a proven urinary tract infection were administered a DMSA scan. A control scan was performed after the acute phase of the illness, and the diagnosis of pyelonephritis (n = 44) was made retrospectively. The urinary alpha1-MG was determined by immunonephelometry. RESULTS: The urinary alpha1-MG-creatinine ratio was highly sensitive (98%) and specific (100%) and correlated with the DMSA scintigraphy images. Only 1 of the 44 patients with pyelonephritis and all of the cystitis patients (n = 18) had a normal urinary alpha1-MG (<10 mg/g). The drop in absolute DMSA uptake correlated significantly (r = 0. 758, p < 0.001) with the urinary alpha1-MG-creatinine ratio. The urinary alpha1-MG-creatinine ratio was significantly higher (p < 0. 02) in bilateral than in unilateral pyelonephritis. CONCLUSION: DMSA lesion-positive (acute pyelonephritis) patients have elevated urinary alpha1-MG excretion and DMSA lesion-negative (cystitis) patients have normal urinary alpha1-MG excretion.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Urinary alpha 1-microglobulin detects uropathy. A prospective study in 483 urological patients.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate prospectively urinary alpha 1-microglobulin as a marker of proximal tubular damage following acute pyelonephritis and outflow disease of the upper urinary tract in a urological population with minimal exclusion criteria. We also measured the urinary gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, urinary albumin, urinary and serum creatinine, serum IgA and serum alpha 1-microglobulin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 483 urological patients (age: 1 to 92 years, 297 men, 186 women) excluding patients receiving nephrotoxic drugs, or suffering from type 1 diabetes or renal diseases. There were 141 patients with urinary tract infection but no fever, 36 patients with high fever of non-renal origin, 51 patients with acute pyelonephritis and 156 patients with outflow disease of the upper tract, and 99 patients were included in the reference population. RESULTS: For acute pyelonephritis, vesico-ureteral reflux, and ureteral obstruction, urinary alpha 1-microglobulin had a sensitivity of 94%, 90% and 63% respectively and a specificity of 67%, 77% and 76%. The area under the curve of the receiver operator characteristic curve was significantly (p < 0.001) higher for urinary alpha 1-microglobulin than for albumin or gamma-glutamyltransferase activity. Unexpected positive results were found in acute prostatitis. The urinary alpha 1-microglobulin was the only parameter which differentiated between acute prostatitis and pyelonephritis (p < 0.001). Creatinine clearance or age had little and gender had no influence on the urinary excretion of alpha 1-microglobulin. Urine production rate significantly increases the urinary alpha 1-microglobulin/creatinine ratio. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the urinary alpha 1-microglobulin/creatinine ratio is a diagnostically useful marker of tubular damage in acute pyelonephritis and vesico-ureteral reflux in the urological population. Following renal colic and chronic ureteral obstruction, a significant increase in urinary alpha 1-microglobulin excretion was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Effect of haptoglobin phenotypes on growth of Streptococcus pyogenes.

The haptoglobin (Hp) 2-1 and 2-2 phenotypes have been shown to agglutinate Streptococcus pyogenes carrying the membrane antigen T4. In this study, the growth rate of two strains of Streptococcus pyogenes (T1 and T4) in human serum was compared among haptoglobin phenotypes in vitro. During incubation for 16 hours in serum of different haptoglobin types, only Hp 2-1 and Hp 2-2 sera showed an inhibitory effect on growth, Hp 2-2 being 1.85 times more potent than Hp 2-1. Growth of Streptococcus pyogenes T4 negatively correlated with the serum concentration of Hp 2-1 (r = -0.908) and Hp 2-2 (r = -0.953). Haptoglobin-depleted serum had no inhibitory effect on bacterial growth. Addition of haemoglobin and ferric citrate to the serum accelerated the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes T4 (P <0.05) but not in Hp 2-2 serum. Haptoglobin types 2-1 and 2-2 can be regarded as inhibitors of Streptococcus pyogenes growth in vitro. These data point towards a potential protective role of Hp 2-2 in Streptococcus pyogenes infection in vivo, independently of iron uptake.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1997

Haptoglobin polymorphism, a genetic risk factor in coronary artery bypass surgery.

Haptoglobin (Hp) 2-2 type has been associated with accumulation of atherosclerotic lesions in essential hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Hp type and the extension of coronary lesions in 765 male patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). In this group, relative Hp1 (0.418) and Hp2 (0.582) allele frequencies were comparable with those of the reference population. Candidate CABG patients with a Hp 2-2 type were overrepresented in the younger (< 45 years) age group (P < 0.05). Hp 2-2 patients needed more bypass grafts than Hp 1-1 patients (relative risk 1.92 95% C.I. 1.24-2.96). The Hp 2-2 type was overrepresented among victims of a previous acute myocardial infarction (P < 0.05) and among patients with a lower (< 45 years) age at infarction (P < 0.05). In patients who already underwent a previous CABG graft survival time was shortest in Hp 2-2 type (P < 0.05). Patients with a Hp 2-2 type more likely develop atherosclerotic lesions despite comparable serum lipid concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism: clinical implications.

Since the identification of an Insertion/Deletion polymorphism in the ACE gene, numerous studies have evaluated the potential risk of the DD genotype in cardiovascular disease and hypertension. The report of many conflicting publications reveals a strong need for reviewing the most important data. There is evidence of the absence of an association between the ACE polymorphism and hypertension in Caucasians. In blacks a positive association between the D allele and high blood pressure was seen, Japanese studies show discrepant results. Several studies showed no association between the ACE polymorphism and the risk of myocardial infarction. However, in certain subpopulations, such as low risk patients or coronary care unit patients, an increased risk of myocardial infarction in DD type is present, and a meta-analysis supports this proposition. Because of conflicting data, the potential association between the ACE polymorphism and coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertrophic and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, carotid artery disease and diabetic and immunoglobin A nephropathy, remains inconclusive.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1997

Distribution of lymphocyte subsets in bone marrow and peripheral blood is associated with haptoglobin type. Binding of haptoglobin to the B-cell lectin CD22.

Haptoglobin is an acute phase protein showing a genetic polymorphism with 3 major types: Hp 1-1, Hp 2-1, and Hp 2-2. In this study, flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that all three haptoglobin types bind to CD22 on human B-lymphocytes with equal affinity. Comparison of reference values for lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and bone marrow showed significant differences between haptoglobin types. Haptoglobin 2-2 is associated with higher peripheral B-lymphocyte counts (P < 0.001) and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts (P < 0.05). In bone marrow, CD4+ T-cell percentages were highest (P < 0.001) but B-cell percentages were lowest (P < 0.001) in haptoglobin 2-2 type. A negative correlation between serum haptoglobin 1-1 concentration and peripheral B-cell counts was observed (r = -0.663). Our results suggest that haptoglobin is involved in lymphocyte distribution. The present findings are a potential cause of over- or underestimation of lymphocyte subset counts in the clinical staging of immunodeficiency diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Multicenter evaluation of a homogeneous assay for HDL-cholesterol without sample pretreatment.

We evaluated a new homogeneous assay for the measurement of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) in six European laboratories. The assay includes two reagents and is applicable to most autoanalyzers, which allows full automation. The total CVs of the new method ranged between 1.3% and 6.7%. Thereby determined HDL-C values were in good agreement with those obtained by precipitation with phosphotungstic acid/MgCl2 or by a combination of ultracentrifugation and precipitation (0.956 < r < 0.994). The assay was linear up to at least 1500 mg/L HDL-C. Hemoglobin did not interfere, whereas icteric samples with bilirubin > 100 mg/L showed discrepancies between the homogeneous and the precipitation assay. Lipemia up to total triglyceride concentrations of 8000 mg/L did not interfere with the homogeneous HDL-C assay. The homogeneous HDL-C assay was easy to handle and produced similar results in all laboratories participating in this study. This method will significantly facilitate the screening of individuals at increased risk for cardiovascular disease.

Artifacts↗
PubMed1996

Impact of oxygenator design on hemolysis, shear stress, and white blood cell and platelet counts.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether relative pressure drop, shear stress, hemolysis, and white blood cell and platelet counts are influenced by different oxygenator designs. To compare the oxygenator results with the average shear stress over an arterial cannula. DESIGN: Prospective; patients enrolled consecutively. SETTING: University hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Three groups of 12 adults patients, scheduled for routine cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Each group was submitted to a different oxygenator design: group 1 to a high-pressure hollow-fiber membrane oxygenator (Sarns Turbo); group 2 to a medium-pressure hollow-fiber membrane oxygenator (Cobe optima); and group 3 to a flat-sheet membrane oxygenator (Cobe Duo). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Although the investigated oxygenators have important differences in pressure drop and shear stress, no statistical differences were found in hemolysis generation or blood handling among the different groups. Actually, the study shows much higher shear stress levels over an average arterial cannula than over any of the evaluated oxygenators. CONCLUSIONS: The pressure drop over an oxygenator does not correlate well with shear stress and hemolysis because the dimensions of the system (radius and length) must be included in the calculation of shear stress from pressure drop.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Mutations and phenotype in isolated glycerol kinase deficiency.

We demonstrate that isolated glycerol kinase (GK) deficiency in three families results from mutation of the Xp21 GK gene. GK mutations were detected in four patients with widely differing phenotypes. Patient 1 had a splice-site mutation causing premature termination. His general health was good despite absent GK activity, indicating that isolated GK deficiency can be silent. Patient 2 had GK deficiency and a severe phenotype involving psychomotor retardation and growth delay, bone dysplasia, and seizures, similar to the severe phenotype of one of the first described cases of GK deficiency. His younger brother, patient 3, also had GK deficiency, but so far his development has been normal. GK exon 17 was deleted in both brothers, implicating additional factors in causation of the severe phenotype of patient 2. Patient 4 had both GK deficiency with mental retardation and a GK missense mutation (D440V). Possible explanations for the phenotypic variation of these four patients include ascertainment bias; metabolic or environmental stress as a precipitating factor in revealing GK-related changes, as has previously been described in juvenile GK deficiency; and interactions with functional polymorphisms in other genes that alter the effect of GK deficiency on normal development.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗