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Biomedical subjects

J Delanghe

Publications and source records attributed to J Delanghe.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Plasma and erythrocyte lipids in two families with heterozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia.

Erythrocyte morphology, kinematic viscosity, and membrane lipid composition have not been well documented in heterozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia (HBL). In our study of nine subjects with HBL from two kindreds, three presented with schistocytes (3-6%) while two of them also showed acanthocytosis (25-35%) on their peripheral blood films. The other affected family members had a normal RBC morphology despite a decreased kinematic viscosity of RBC suspension at 37 degrees C (log eta = 0.20 +/- 0.02 vs. log eta = 0.26 +/- 0.02) in all nine subjects; erythrocyte osmotic fragility however was normal. Although some subjects showed acanthocytosis total cholesterol (0.63 +/- 0.05 mol x 10(-6)/mg membrane protein) and sphingomyelin/lecithin ratio (0.905 +/- 0.042) of RBC membranes were normal while plasma from the subject with schistocytosis had a significantly decreased sphingomyelin/lecithin ratio in plasma (17.2 +/- 2.4 vs. 29.1 +/- 3.3) suggesting that sphingomyelin and lecithin are not freely exchangeable between plasma and the outer surface of RBC membranes.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Creatine determinations as an early marker for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.

In the acute phase of acute myocardial infarction (3-8 h after onset of symptoms) an early transient increase in the creatine concentration of serum, saliva, and especially of urine can be observed. Due to the renal threshold, urine values give a much better discrimination between infarction patients and controls than do serum determination. In some patients secondary peaks of serum and urine creatine concentrations can be seen about 24-36 h after hospital admission. Intramuscular injections of 5.0 mL of a saline solution and muscular trauma interfere with the test, but with angina pectoris interference is absent or limited. Creatine leakage from myocardium is insufficient to explain the observed creatinuria in infarctions, and intact extra-cardiac tissues are believed to be involved in creatine release.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Measurement of activation energy of gamma-glutamyltransferase as a marker for enzyme heterogeneity.

In order to detect differences between various multiple forms of gamma-glutamyltransferase, the activation energy was measured. In the serum of patients with liver diseases, activation energy was measured. In the serum of patients with liver diseases, activation energy of the serum enzyme is higher than in normal individuals (41.9 +/- 1.2 vs. 38.9 +/- 1.5 kJ/mol, p less than 0.05). Neuraminidase treatment resulted in a reduction of activation energy. Various multiple forms of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase, as prepared by lectin affinity chromatography (concanavalin A, Ricinus communis I and II, wheat germ agglutinin) showed activation energy differences between binding and nonbinding fractions. Similar results were observed in seminal plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase, when patients with accessory gland infection were compared with a reference population. Our results suggest that the activation energy depends upon differences in the carbohydrate part of the enzyme. The low gamma-glutamyltransferase activation energy of tissue extracts increased significantly after butanol extraction and was then comparable with serum activation energy values, which suggests that lipid-binding is a factor in activation energy variation. In most cases, gamma-glutamyltransferase activities measured at a certain temperature can be easily converted to a corresponding activity at another temperature, but in severe liver disease significant errors may be introduced when simple temperature conversion factors are used.

Chromatography, Affinity↗
PubMed1986

Macro CK type 1 as a marker for autoimmunity in coronary heart disease.

In a group of 3000 hospital patients the prevalence of immunoglobulin bound creatine kinase (macro CK type 1) was 4.3%. The relative frequency was greater in the older age categories. The highest prevalence was found in patients with rheumatic and cardiac diseases. In a group of 556 cardiac patients selected for coronary angiography a prevalence of 13.8% was observed. No significant correlation was obtained between the findings of the coronary angiography and the activity of macro CK type 1. CK MB results determined by ion-exchange or immuno-inhibition techniques in macro CK type 1 positive patients are falsely positive. Macro CK type 1 may be seen as an antigen-antibody complex against CK BB, which originates at least partly from the vascular wall.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Postoperative immunological response against contractile proteins after coronary bypass surgery.

The pathogenesis of post-cardiac injury syndrome was studied prospectively in 62 patients who underwent coronary bypass grafting. Preoperative and serial postoperative titres of actin and myosin antibodies were measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Perioperative cumulative release of serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase was calculated by approximation formulas that are used to estimate infarct size. Complete post-cardiac injury syndrome developed in eight (13%) patients and an incomplete syndrome developed in 16 (26%). There was a significant correlation between frequency and intensity of the syndrome and the ratio of postoperative to preoperative titres of actin and myosin antibodies. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the cumulative release of lactate dehydrogenase, serum aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase and the number of coronary vessels that were grafted, but no correlation was found between the incidence of post-cardiac injury syndrome and the number of coronary bypasses grafted or between the cumulative enzyme release and the postoperative immunological response against the major contractile proteins, actin and myosin. The amount of enzymes released during coronary bypass surgery seems to be a good indicator of the extent of myocardial damage during operation but it does not determine either the incidence of post-cardiac injury syndrome or the postoperative immunological response against the main contractile proteins actin and myosin.

Actins↗
PubMed1985

Altered glycosylation of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in seminal fluid from men with accessory gland infection.

The heterogeneity of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in seminal plasma has been studied using Con A-chromatography. This parameter was then related to the fructose concentration, the acid phosphatase activity, ejaculate volume, sperm density and the number of bacteria per ml. Multivariate regression analysis and stepwise elimination of the least fitting factors, revealed that Con A-binding correlated with the number of bacteria per ml of semen and the acid phosphatase activity with 49% of the variance of GGT-binding being explained by these parameters. This result suggests that glycosylation of seminal GGT is altered by accessory gland infection. Neuraminidase digestion suggests that the pattern of Con A-binding of seminal GGT depends only partly on its sialic acid content.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

Effect of polyunsaturated isocaloric fat diets on plasma lipids, apolipoproteins and fatty acids.

The effect of an increased polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration in the diet on the plasma lipoproteins from a normal group of healthy persons and from a group of hypercholesterolemic patients, consuming an isoenergetic and an isocholesterolemic diet, was examined and the changes in the plasma phospholipids were measured. Nine normal and 10 hypercholesterolemic patients were treated with a polyunsaturated diet for 1 month. Controls and hypercholesterolemic patients were screened on their lipid and lipoprotein profiles and their P/S ratio in the diet was calculated and increased with a factor 4. In the control group the P/S ratio was increased from 0.35 to 1.38 and in the hypercholesterolemic group from 0.46 to 1.59. They received the diet for at least 4 weeks before a second analysis of lipids and lipoproteins. The most important results are a decrease of plasma cholesterol, followed by a significant increase of HDL cholesterol. The cholesterol-lowering effect results largely from the plasma LDL decrease, especially in the patient group. Apo A-I is decreased accompanied by a significant increase of the ratio HDL-C/apo A-I. The observed changes are most pronounced in the hypercholesterolemic group. There is no change in apo B but a significant change in the linoleic acid concentration especially in the HDL cholesterol esters. The major phospholipids in plasma are identical in both groups and there is an identical change under the PUFA diet, sphingomyelin is increased and phosphatidylcholine is decreased, which may be related to an increase of the HDL2/HDL3 ratio.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of three current methods for the determination of creatine kinase-MB catalytic activity.

Three current methods for the determination of the creatine kinase-MB activity were evaluated: electrophoresis (Beckman Inst.), ion-exchange MB-Zyme (J.T. Baker) and ion-exchange on aca (Du Pont). Eighty patients were selected out of three groups: acute myocardial infarction, heart and vascular surgery patients and a number of noncardiac cases. The precision of the ion-exchange methods was comparable; CV 5.7% (aca) and CV 5.2% (MB-Zyme) for a high creatine kinase-MB pool. Electrophoresis overestimated the creatine/kinase-MB/activity and was less precise (CV 9.6%) and less sensitive than the ion-exchange methods. The aca (Du Pont) method was less specific than the MB-Zyme. The main source of discrepancy was samples from certain patients in the surgery unit, which gave falsely high value by the aca method, and showed altered mobility in electrophoresis, suggesting an atypical creatine kinase. Three macro creatine kinase type I included in this study were erroneously determined as creatine kinase-MB by both the ion-exchange methods.

Blood Protein Electrophoresis↗
PubMed1982

The effect of low doses of prednisolone on the traffic of T helper-inducer cells in rheumatoid arthritis.

The effects of a single dose of 5 and 10 mg of prednisolone on the kinetics of lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets were investigated in patients suffering from active rheumatoid arthritis. Six hours after intake of 10 mg of the drug a significant drop in total lymphocyte count, total T-cell numbers and T-helper cell numbers was recorded. The values returned to baseline values within 24 hours. Intake of 5 mg of prednisolone depressed total T-cell count and more particularly the absolute numbers of T-helper cells. No statistically significant changes occurred in T suppressor-cytotoxic cell traffics. The influence on the kinetics of T-helper cells was responsible for a significant decrease of helper/suppressor ratios in the intravascular compartment.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pitfalls in the determination of common analytes in the critically ill.

In the critically ill, the pre-analytical aspects of blood gas analysis still require attention from the clinician. Sampling and transport remain critical factors. Use of drugs may create analytical interferences for common analytes like glucose and protein. Icterus may falsely reduce creatinine and albumin values. Changes in the serum or plasma matrix (reduction of protein, increased covolume of solutes, ...) may furthermore cause important effects on the distribution of electrolytes. Enzyme activity measurements may be erroneous due to lack of essential oligoelements or reducing substances. Immunoassays may suffer from interferences caused by auto-antibodies. In case of hemolysis, a careful interpretation of test results is mandatory.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Haptoglobin 1F allele frequency is high among indigenous populations in the state of Durango, Mexico.

We studied haptoglobin polymorphism in Mexican populations with high Indian ancestry living in isolated and urban areas in the state of Durango. Analysis with respect to the HP*1F and HP*1S allelic subtypes by isoelectric focusing showed unusually high HP*1F allele frequencies among urban (0.370) and isolated Mexican Indians (0.383). Comparison with other population studies demonstrated a geographical cline of the HP*1F allele increasing in the same direction of the HP*1 allele, while HP*1S frequency does not show racial differences.

Alleles↗