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Biomedical subjects

J Demarest

Publications and source records attributed to J Demarest.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Body image: gender, ethnic, and age differences.

Using figure drawings (E. Fallon & P. Rozin, 1985), 120 male and female U.S. college students--African American, Hispanic, and Caucasian--indicated their current and ideal figures, the figures that they considered most attractive to the opposite sex, and the opposite-sex figures most attractive to themselves. Dissatisfaction with body shape was greater among the women regardless of ethnicity. Both the men and the women misjudged which shapes the opposite sex would rate as most attractive: The women guessed that the men preferred shapes thinner than those that they actually reported. The African American women had the most accurate perceptions of what the men found attractive, whereas the Caucasian women had the most distorted views. The men guessed that the women preferred shapes bulkier than those that they actually indicated. These findings may be relevant to the lower incidence of eating disorders among African American women and the higher incidence of such disorders among Caucasian women.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Applications of Ion Microscopy and In Situ Electron Microscopy to the Study of Electronic Materials and Devices.

: We discuss the application of ion microscopy and in situ electron microscopy to the study of electronic and optical materials and devices. We demonstrate how the combination of in situ transmission electron microscopy and focused ion beam microscopy provides new avenues for the study for such structures, enabling extension of these techniques to the study of dopant distributions, nanoscale stresses, three-dimensional structural and chemical reconstruction, and real-time evolution of defect microstructure. We also discuss in situ applications of thermal, mechanical, electrical, and optical stresses during transmission electron microscopy imaging.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Human CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets that express HLA class I-specific inhibitory receptors represent oligoclonally or monoclonally expanded cell populations.

A small percentage of human T lymphocytes, predominantly CD8+ T cells, express receptors for HLA class 1 molecules of natural killer type (NK-R) that are inhibitory for T-cell antigen receptor (TCR)-mediated functions. In the present study, it is demonstrated that the various NK-R molecules typically expressed by NK cells are also expressed on periheral blood T lymphocytes. These CD3+ NK-R+ cells have a cell surface phenotype typical of memory cells as indicated by the expression of CD45RO and CD29 and by the lack of CD28 and CD45RA. Furthermore, by the combined use of anti-TCR V beta-specific antibodies and a semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction assay, the TCR repertoire in this CD3+ NK-R+ cell subset was found to be skewed; in fact, one or two V beta families were largely represented, and most of the other V beta s were barely detected. In addition, analysis of recombinant clones of the largely represented V beta families demonstrated that these V beta s were oligoclonally or monoclonally expanded.

CD3 Complex↗
PubMed1996

Perception of body shape by underweight average, and overweight men and women.

Using figure drawings, perception of body shape was evaluated by underweight, average, and overweight men and women. Body-shape dissatisfaction was greatest for 60 overweight women, and about the same in 151 average weight women as it was for 102 overweight men. Average weight men (n = 107) and underweight women (n = 31) were fairly satisfied with their current shapes. Both men and women had distorted views of the shape the opposite sex found most attractive. Women guessed that men would prefer a thinner shape than they actually did, and men guessed that women would prefer a larger shape than they actually did. The distortion was larger for men as their own size increased but not for women.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Gender and sex-role differences in young adult reactions towards "newborns" in a pretend situation.

104 college students were asked to fill out a questionnaire on sex-role orientation, act out a scene as a parent with a newborn baby (doll), rate their attitudes toward the baby using a semantic differential scale of 19 adjective pairs, and write an open-ended statement about the baby's future. Analysis indicated few differences in how men and women reacted to or described boy and girl babies and most of the variability in scores could be accounted for by interactions involving sex-role orientation. Sex-stereotyped women typically gave ratings similar to those given by androgynous women while sex-stereotyped men, when they differed from androgynous men, generally gave less positive ratings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The interaction of handedness, familial sinistrality and sex on the performance of a dichotic listening task.

The contributions of handedness, familial sinistrality and sex to laterality effects on a dichotic listening task were examined. Left-handers exhibited left ear advantages, and right-handers showed right ear advantages in auditory asymmetry. These results varied with the sex and familial sinistrality of the subjects. Contradictions in the literature are discussed and are shown to occur most often when the subjects are left-handed or have a family history of left-handedness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Does the 'torque test' measure cerebral dominance in adults?

The direction of drawing a circle, labeled the 'torque test' (Blau, 1977), was evaluated in 74 normal adults (age 14 to 44 yr.) as a predictor of both handedness and cerebral dominance on the dichotic listening test. The results indicate that torque is related to handedness but not to lateralization of language. We suggest that circle-drawing by adults is dependent more on the muscle mechanics of the hand than on cerebral dominance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Auditory asymmetry and strength of manual preference reexamined.

Strong left- and right-handers, and moderate left- and right-handers administered a dichotic listening words test exhibited right ear advantages in direct proportion to their utilization of the right hand on 11 unimanual task. Strong left-handers exhibited a left ear advantage, and moderate left-handers failed to show laterality. Strong right-handers showed the largest right ear advantage. A brief review of the literature demonstrates that this trend is a consistent finding. One discrepant but often cited report (Dec, 1971) must be regarded with skepticism.

Auditory Perception↗