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Biomedical subjects

J Descotes

Publications and source records attributed to J Descotes.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Evaluation of active specific immunization against paraquat toxicity in rats.

Four groups of Wistar rats were immunized against a BSA-paraquat derivative antigen, when lethally poisoned with paraquat dichloride via intraperitoneal route. No significant correlation in survival rate was observed between immunized (5/45) and control (0/26) rats, but a significant correlation (p less than 0.05) in the mean survival time was noted in immunized rats as compared to controls (9.1 +/- 16.8 days and 2.0 +/- 0.8 days versus 2.1 +/- 2.4 days and 1.0 +/- 0.1 days respectively).

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Antipyrine kinetics following influenza vaccination.

To test the hypothesis that hepatic drug metabolism affected the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine, 12 persons who had received vaccination against influenza were given antipyrine on the fourth day following. Plasma antipyrine was assayed from venous blood samples taken 5, 11 and 24 h later. The results indicate that the immunization procedure transiently increased the hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activity against antipyrine.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Antipyrine kinetics following tetanus vaccination.

Evidence suggests that stimulation of the immune response may be associated with impairment of hepatic drug metabolism. Antipyrine kinetics has therefore been determined in 12 patients on the fourth day following tetanus vaccination. Under these conditions, antipyrine plasma half-life was found to be 14.8 h. Despite the lack of control over antipyrine kinetics, these preliminary results indicate that tetanus vaccination is likely to impair the antipyrine metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Different effects of psychotropic drugs on delayed hypersensitivity responses in mice.

The influence of certain psychotropic drugs on the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to sheep red blood cells in BALB/c mice was studied. The effects on the overall response and the induction and elicitation phases were evaluated, using two alternative dosage schedules for each agent. It was found that diazepam had no effect on the DTH reaction but the administration of imipramine, haloperidol, chlorpromazine or meprobramate all resulted in depression of the response, impairing both the induction or elicitation phases. The results indicate that psychotropic drugs may produce in vivo depression of cell-mediated immunity by different mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Immunomodulating agents and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes.

Immunomodulating agents are increasingly used in clinical practice to alter the course of various malignancies, autoimmune diseases, or immunodeficiencies. Experimental data obtained in laboratory animals suggest that nearly all agents available today are likely to inhibit hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. Although further investigation is warranted, a direct stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system is likely to play a key role. Potentially severe drug interactions are the main clinical consequences to be considered, particularly in the field of cancer chemoimmunotherapy and vaccination. Besides immunomodulating agents, drugs with the toxic potential for immunoenhancement may also be considered in that respect.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

Increased plasma paraquat levels in intoxicated mice following antiparaquat F(ab')2 treatment.

Death most often results from human acute poisonings due to paraquat, a widely used herbicide. It causes a quick and insidious accumulation in lungs. It was proposed to study the effects of the administration of antiparaquat F(ab')2 fragments in mice intoxicated with paraquat. Antisera against a paraquat acid derivative coupled to bovine serum albumin were prepared in rabbits, then purified using immunoaffinity chromatography columns and fragmented by pepsin. Antiparaquat F(ab')2 antibodies obtained were preventively injected to mice. After intravenous paraquat injection of 8 mg/kg, plasma paraquat levels were measured from 0.25 to 48 hours. Plasma from antiparaquat F(ab')2 pretreated mice as compared with non-specific immunoglobulin pretreated control mice showed a significant increase (p less than 0.001) of the paraquat concentrations from the 4th (1.17 +/- 0.06 versus 0.20 +/- 0.01 microgram/ml) to the 48th hour (0.47 +/- 0.08 versus 0.02 +/- 0.01 microgram/ml). Although pulmonary paraquat concentrations presented no modification, it could be considered that these preliminary results would have to be studied thoroughly with a view to finding an efficient treatment in human acute poisoning with paraquat.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Miconazole influence on both cellular immune response and hepatic drug metabolism in mice.

Miconazole was found to exert a biphasic influence on both cellular immune response and hepatic drug metabolism in adult Swiss mice. Indeed, at the dose of 2.5 or 12.5 mg/kg/twice daily via intraperitoneal route, miconazole depressed delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to sheep red blood cells and hepatic drug metabolism as determined from barbiturate sleeping time, following one-day treatment. By contrast, at the same dose level, miconazole enhanced DTH and hepatic drug metabolism after a five-day administration schedule. Primary humoral response and colloidal carbon clearance were not affected. Although the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated, these findings clearly suggest a close relation between modulation of the cellular immune response and activity of liver drug metabolizing enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Immunotoxicity screening of drugs and chemicals: value of contact hypersensitivity to picryl chloride in the mouse.

Contact hypersensitivity to picryl chloride in the mouse is proposed as a valuable tool for the in vivo immunotoxicological testing of new compounds. Reproducibility was found to be excellent. Results obtained in the present work with chlorpromazine, cyclophosphamide, diazepam, haloperidol, hydrocortisone, promethazine and lead acetate, nickel chloride and selenium were similar to those previously reported regarding the effects of these compounds on cell-mediated immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Influence of several bacterial and viral vaccines on hepatic drug metabolism in mice.

Pentobarbital-induced sleeping time was found to be significantly prolonged in mice within at least 4 days following either whooping cough, tetanus, rubella or poliomyelitis vaccination. By contrast, barbital-induced sleeping time remained unaffected, These findings provide further evidence of a correlation between inhibition of liver drug metabolizing enzymes and stimulation of the immune response.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Comparative effects of various lead salts on delayed hypersensitivity in mice.

Intraperitoneal administration of lead acetate, lead carbonate, lead chloride, lead nitrate or lead oxide at 0.5 or 6 mg per kg per day on five consecutive days was found to produce diverging effects on delayed hypersensitivity to sheep erythrocytes in Balb/c mice according to the salt used. Lead carbonate, lead nitrate and lead oxide exerted immunosuppressing properties, while lead acetate and lead chloride enhanced this cell-mediated immune response. From these findings, it is concluded that lead immunotoxicity critically depends on which salt is present.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Influence of lead acetate on hypersensitivity. Experimental study.

Recent studies showed that lead acetate has an important immunotoxicity for the phagocytic activity as well as humoral and cell-mediated immunity. We studied the influence of lead acetate on immediate and delayed hypersensitivity. The lead acetate exerts an important action on hypersensitivity reactions whether on rat mast cells degranulation (immediate hypersensitivity) or on contact hypersensitivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Blood histamine level and anaphylactic reaction under alphadione].

Histamine release is generally thought to play a major role in anaesthetic-induced anaphylactoid reactions. In 12 patients who were developing such a reaction at the start of a slow rate intra-venous infusion of alphadione, serum histamine was measured using the enzyme-isotopic assay from a blood sample drawn within the first 5 minutes following the onset of clinical signs. Histaminemia above normal value was noted in 3 patients only without clear clinical correlation. These results would suggest that histamine release is unlikely to be principally involved in this kind of adverse reaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Reappraisal of the barbiturate sleeping time in mice as predictive tool for the detection of liver enzymes inhibiting drugs.

Inhibition of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes is an important cause of clinically relevant drug interactions. A close correlation was found between influence of pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in outbred Swiss mice and hepatic drug metabolism in man for several established inhibitors, i.e. chloramphenicol, cimetidine, idrocilamide, isoniazid, metronidazole, miconazole and triacetyloleandomycin, and control drugs, i.e. baclofen, ranitidine and spiramycin. Provided that room temperature is carefully controlled, barbiturate sleeping time is a simple, inexpensive and reproducible predictive tool for the experimental detection of pharmacological agents likely to inhibit hepatic drug metabolism.

Animals↗