[Alexis Carrel. Pioneer of cardiovascular surgery].
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Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
Biomedical subjects
J Descotes
Publications and source records attributed to J Descotes.
Immunotoxicity screening of drugs and chemicals: value of contact hypersensitivity to picryl chloride in the mouse.
Contact hypersensitivity to picryl chloride in the mouse is proposed as a valuable tool for the in vivo immunotoxicological testing of new compounds. Reproducibility was found to be excellent. Results obtained in the present work with chlorpromazine, cyclophosphamide, diazepam, haloperidol, hydrocortisone, promethazine and lead acetate, nickel chloride and selenium were similar to those previously reported regarding the effects of these compounds on cell-mediated immunity.
Animals↗
Influence of several bacterial and viral vaccines on hepatic drug metabolism in mice.
Pentobarbital-induced sleeping time was found to be significantly prolonged in mice within at least 4 days following either whooping cough, tetanus, rubella or poliomyelitis vaccination. By contrast, barbital-induced sleeping time remained unaffected, These findings provide further evidence of a correlation between inhibition of liver drug metabolizing enzymes and stimulation of the immune response.
Animals↗
Comparative effects of various lead salts on delayed hypersensitivity in mice.
Intraperitoneal administration of lead acetate, lead carbonate, lead chloride, lead nitrate or lead oxide at 0.5 or 6 mg per kg per day on five consecutive days was found to produce diverging effects on delayed hypersensitivity to sheep erythrocytes in Balb/c mice according to the salt used. Lead carbonate, lead nitrate and lead oxide exerted immunosuppressing properties, while lead acetate and lead chloride enhanced this cell-mediated immune response. From these findings, it is concluded that lead immunotoxicity critically depends on which salt is present.
Animals↗
Influence of lead acetate on hypersensitivity. Experimental study.
Recent studies showed that lead acetate has an important immunotoxicity for the phagocytic activity as well as humoral and cell-mediated immunity. We studied the influence of lead acetate on immediate and delayed hypersensitivity. The lead acetate exerts an important action on hypersensitivity reactions whether on rat mast cells degranulation (immediate hypersensitivity) or on contact hypersensitivity.
Animals↗
[Blood histamine level and anaphylactic reaction under alphadione].
Histamine release is generally thought to play a major role in anaesthetic-induced anaphylactoid reactions. In 12 patients who were developing such a reaction at the start of a slow rate intra-venous infusion of alphadione, serum histamine was measured using the enzyme-isotopic assay from a blood sample drawn within the first 5 minutes following the onset of clinical signs. Histaminemia above normal value was noted in 3 patients only without clear clinical correlation. These results would suggest that histamine release is unlikely to be principally involved in this kind of adverse reaction.
Adolescent↗
[Atheromatous aneurysms and those caused by media dystrophy (the aorta and arteries of the limbs)].
Pathologic study of lesions involves atheromatous aneurysms initially, with analysis of particular features related to localization and to microscopic changes. Discussions then concern media dystrophy localized to the proximal aorta and to the limb arteries, with a description of macroscopic and of optical and electron microscopy findings.
Aneurysm↗
[Aneurysms of the abdominal aorta in high risk patients. Combined treatment with surgery and radiology. Apropos of 9 cases].
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Aged↗
Reappraisal of the barbiturate sleeping time in mice as predictive tool for the detection of liver enzymes inhibiting drugs.
Inhibition of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes is an important cause of clinically relevant drug interactions. A close correlation was found between influence of pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in outbred Swiss mice and hepatic drug metabolism in man for several established inhibitors, i.e. chloramphenicol, cimetidine, idrocilamide, isoniazid, metronidazole, miconazole and triacetyloleandomycin, and control drugs, i.e. baclofen, ranitidine and spiramycin. Provided that room temperature is carefully controlled, barbiturate sleeping time is a simple, inexpensive and reproducible predictive tool for the experimental detection of pharmacological agents likely to inhibit hepatic drug metabolism.
Animals↗
[Extensive venous thrombosis disclosing an aneurysm of the common iliac artery].
Although aneurysms of the common iliac artery are a rare occurrence they should be investigated routinely in patients with urinary or thrombo-embolic venous manifestations in the pelvis minor. Clinical signs are inconstant and diagnosis requires the use of abdominopelvic ultrasound tomography. Venous and urinary complications constitute warning signals suggesting the need for surgery to avoid sudden or untimely rupture. Operation in patients with a poor general condition should be performed as a function of the course of the lesion.
Aged↗
Effects of macrolide antibiotics on barbiturate sleeping time in mice.
Triacetyloleandomycin and josamycin, when administered to inbred Balb/c mice orally twice daily at a dose of 12.5 or 25 mg per kg over 3 days, were found to increase barbiturate sleeping time significantly. In contrast, erythromycin ethylsuccinate, erythromycin propionate, midecamycin and spiramycin were devoid of any such activity under the same conditions.
Animals↗
Effects of cimetidine and ranitidine on delayed-type hypersensitivity.
The effects of two selective histamine H2 receptor antagonists on delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells were studied in Balb/c mice. While cimetidine significantly enhanced DTH response when given from immunization to challenge via the intraperitoneal route (10-30 mg/kg twice daily), ranitidine (5-20 mg/kg) did not produce any effect. Both drugs proved ineffective on acquisition as well as expression of DTH. These results suggest that most immunopharmacological effects of cimetidine may not be mediated through histamine H2 receptors, but may possibly be mediated through its imidazole moeity.
Animals↗
Adverse influence of diazepam upon resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in mice.
Male and female mice, IOPS OF1 strain, received an i.p. injection of diazepam 1,2,4 or 8 mg/kg daily for 3 days prior to i.p. challenge with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Diazepam pretreatment increased mortality due to Klebsiella pneumoniae indicating that diazepam alters natural resistance to infection. The mechanism has not been elucidated but would appear to involve T cells and/or macrophages.
Animals↗
Assessment of the allergenic potential of althesin and its constituents.
The pharmaceutical formulation of Althesin was shown to have a weak allergenic potential in the guinea pig maximization test. Alphadolone and alphaxalone acetate were found to be devoid of such potential, while the status of Cremophor EL remained equivocal.
Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture↗
Hypersensitivity reactions to Althesin infusion: measurement of complement involvement.
Two cases of hypersensitivity reactions in the course of slow infusion of Althesin are reported. Serial examination of their complement system showed a marked activation of the alternate pathway which returned almost to normal within 24 hours.
Adolescent↗
Adjuvancy of Cremophor Elo in rodents.
Cremophor Elo proved as potent as Freund's complete adjuvant for eliciting skin reactivity to bovine serum albumin in guinea pigs. It enhanced delayed hypersensitivity to sheep erythrocytes in mice while hemagglutinin antibody titers were not affected. This adjuvant activity is likely to play a critical role in hypersensitivity reactions to Cremophor-containing drugs, e.g. alphadione.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Interaction of diltiazem with propranolol on atrioventricular conduction and refractoriness in the dog.
Propranolol pretreatment (0.1 mg X kg-1) significantly increased the lengthening induced by diltiazem (0.15 mg X kg-1 + 0.01 mg X kg-1 X min-1, 20 min) of the A-H interval of His bundle potential recordings in the dog. In the presence of propranolol, diltiazem also significantly increased the atrioventricular effective refractory period. The results suggest the possible occurrence of AV blocks as a result of the use of a diltiazem-beta blocker combination in clinical practice.
Animals↗
Suppression of humoral and cellular immunity in normal mice by diazepam.
Diazepam, a benzodiazepine derivative useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders, was found to depress both primary antibody to sheep red blood cells and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in normal mice. This immunodepressant activity warrants further investigation owing to its potential consequences on human health and the putative involvement of specific receptors on immunocompetent cells.
Animals↗