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Biomedical subjects

J Ditzel

Publications and source records attributed to J Ditzel.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Serum concentration of cathodic trypsin-like immunoreactivity and pancreatic isoamylase in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The relationship between diabetes mellitus and the exocrine pancreatic function was evaluated in 29 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus by measuring cathodic trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) and the enzymatic activity of pancreatic isoamylase in serum before and 90 min after breakfast and insulin. Thirty healthy subjects served as reference group. Median fasting serum concentrations in the diabetic subjects were significantly lower than in the reference subjects: for TLI 143 and 299 micrograms trypsin standard/l and for pancreatic isoamylase 43 and 101 U/l, respectively (p less than 0.001 for both). A positive correlation between TLI and pancreatic isoamylase was present in the diabetics (Sperman's rho = 0.56, p less than 0.01). The serum concentrations of TLI and pancreatic isoamylase were not related to the duration of diabetes, daily insulin dose or glycemic control measured by blood glucose and total glycosylated hemoglobins. Cathodic TLI and pancreatic isoamylase in serum were not influenced by food and insulin.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Haemoglobin A1c concentration in newly detected diabetes mellitus (author's transl)].

Using the Trivelli method haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) concentrations were determined in 7 patients with newly detected, non-insulin-dependent, diabetes mellitus before and after commencement of treatment with glibenclamide. Investigations were continued at weekly intervals over a period of 3 months. In all cases there was hardly any reduction of HbA1c values during the first 3 weeks of treatment. However, a continuous decrease of HbA1c values occurred thereafter. Nearly normal values were reached after patients had been adjusted to a considerably lower blood sugar level for more than 80 days. HbA1c concentration correlated significantly (p less than 0.001) both with the concurrently determined fasting blood sugar values as well as with fasting blood sugar values in each of the preceding 8 weeks.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Elevated glomerular filtration rate in early diabetes may be explained by increased sodium reabsorption secondary to an impairment in renal tubular handling of phosphate.

Glomerular filtration rate, the renal threshold concentration for phosphate and the tubular reabsorption rates of glucose, phosphate and sodium were determined in the fasting state of 26 diabetic children without clinical signs of microangiography and in 28 healthy school children. The renal threshold concentration for phosphate was significantly decreased in the juvenile diabetics (p less thn 0.001) and was negatively correlated to the rate of glucose (r = 0.59, p less than 0.01). The tubular sodium reabsorption was markedly increased as compared to the healthy children (p less than 0.001) and for all children the threshold concentration for phosphate was negatively correlated to the tubular sodium reabsorption (p less than 0.001). In the diabetic children the tubular sodium reabsorption was closely correlated to the absolute phosphate reabsorption (p less than 0.001) and to GFR (p less than 0.0001). Therefore, in spite of the defective renal threshold for phosphate induced by the increased glucose reabsorption, the absolute phosphate reabsorption became normalized in the juvenile diabetics by an increase in sodium reabsorption and thus by an increase in GFR.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1980

Affinity hypoxia as a pathogenetic factor of microangiopathy with particular reference to diabetic retinopathy.

The microvascular complications in the retina and kidneys are preceded and accompanied by functional abnormalities. The appearance of the first retinal responses, venous dilatation associated with increased plasma permeation, suggest a state of tissue hypoxia located close to the venous microcirculation. Studies are summarized to indicate that diabetes is associated with a fluctuating disturbance in the oxygen release capacity of the erythrocytes. Combined with microrheologic alterations this fluctuating affinity hypoxia may over the years participate in the pathogenesis of the microvascular disease in diabetes.

Diabetic Angiopathies↗
PubMed1980

Hemoglobin A1c as an indicator of long term blood glucose levels in diabetics with special reference to diabetic pregnancy.

Hemoglobin A1c in diabetics has been shown to be an index of average blood glucose levels in the preceding 1-2 months. We confirm this relationship in a group of 12 insulin-treated diabetics and extend it to 16 pregnant insulin-treated patients as well. Lower levels of HbA1c in pregnancy could be explained by better control. In an ongoing sequential study of 5 pregnant diabetics home-monitoring their blood glucose, we have an impression, that this relationship holds true for individual patients. If this is confirmed, the level of glycosylated hemoglobins in pregnancy may be used as a warning signal for deterioration of glucose control in out-patients.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1979

Microvascular permeability to albumin and glomerular filtration rate in diabetic and normal children.

In order to examine the permeability of microvessels in diabetic children, the glomerular filtration rate, urinary excretion rates of albumin and beta 2-microglobulin, intravascular mass of albumin, and transcapillary escape rate of albumin were studied in 26 diabetic children without clinical signs of microangiopathy (age: 7-14 years; duration of disease: 3-14 years). Similar measurements were made in 28 healthy school children (age: 8-14 years). Mean glomerular filtration rate in the diabetic children was higher than in the normal children (138 versus 109 ml/min per 1.73 m2, p less than 0.01). Urinary excretion rates of albumin and beta 2-microglobulin did not differ in diabetics. Mean intravascular albumin mass in the diabetic girls (1.64 g/kg body weight) was lower (p less than 0.01) than in the diabetic boys (1.89 g/kg body weight) and also lower (p less than 0.02) than in the normal girls (1.94 g/kg body weight). Mean transcapillary escape rate of albumin in the twenty diabetics with duration of diabetes less than 10 years (7.14%/h) was lower (p less than 0.01) than that in normal children (8.90%/h); the escape rate showed a positive correlation with duration of diabetes (r=0.47; p less than 0.02). Thus glomerular filtration rate in diabetic children is elevated to the same extent as in adult short-term juvenile diabetics while the permeability of the glomerular membrane to macromolecules is normal. Interpretation of the results on intravascular albumin mass and transcapillary escape rate of albumin requires further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Hemoglobin AIc and red cell oxygen release capacity in relation to early retinal changes in newly discovered overt and chemical diabetics.

The average Hb A1c concentration in consecutive cases of newly discovered nonacidotic diabetics was 11.4% prior to diet and insulin, as compared to 5.5% following prolonged optimal control (p less than 0.001). Hemoglobin A1c was significantly correlated with fasting blood sugar. In a controlled study the average Hb A1c in 30 subjects with chemical diabetes was 5.8% as opposed to 5.3% in controls with normal OGTT (p less than 0.05). Thirty-seven percent of the chemical diabetics had Hb A1c values greater than or equal to 6.5%, while none in the control group showed such high values. Hb A1c in whole blood has increased oxygen affinity. A decrease in red-cell oxygen release was noted in some untreated nonacidotic diabetics, and an adverse effect of insulin on the oxygen release capacity was demonstrated in both newly diagnosed ketoacidotic and nonacidotic diabetics. The importance of this defect in red-cell oxygen-releasing capacity on the function of the microcirculation is discussed. Signs of an early breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier was demonstrated in 20% of the chemical diabetics by fluorescein angiography.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1979

Hemoglobin AIc as an index of long-term blood glucose regulation in diabetic pregnancy.

To evaluate hemoglobin AIc (Hb AIc) as an indicator of prolonged glucose control in pregnant diabetics, four groups of subjects were studied--16 pregnant diabetic, 13 pregnant nondiabetic, 12 nonpregnant diabetic, and 18 healthy control subjects. Hb AIc was significantly lower in the pregnant diabetic than in the nonpregnant diabetic subjects, 7.8% +/- 1.6 vs, 9.9% +/- 1.9 (mean +/- SD). No difference was present in the nondiabetic groups (4.0% +/- 0.7 vs. 4.3% +/- 0.8, respectively). Hb AIc correlated significantly with the average glucose concentrations of the preceding 60 days in both diabetic groups, suggesting that the lower concentration of Hb AIC in pregnant as compared with nonpregnant diabetic patients was because of better control of blood glucose. This was also borne out by the average of fasting glucose levels being 6.1 +/- 1.7 mmol/L in the pregnant diabetic and 10.7 +/- 2.2 mmol/l in the nonpregnant diabetic subjects.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1979

Changes in red cell oxygen release capacity in diabetes mellitus.

Studies are summarized to indicate that diabetes is associated with a fluctuating disturbance in the oxygen release capacity of the erythrocytes. This disorder, present from the onset of the disease, is a consequence of excess hemoglobin AIc, and absolute or relative hypophosphatemia and acidosis that interfere with formation of the red cell metabolite 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. As a result frequent increases in hemoglobin--oxygen affinity are produced. Available evidence suggests that transient decreases in red cell oxygen delivery lead to dilatation of the venous part of the microcirculation associated with increased transcapillary plasma permeation. Combined with microrheologic alterations (increased red cell aggregation, increased blood viscosity, and decreased red cell deformability) these functional changes may over the years participate in the pathogenesis of the microvascular disease in diabetes.

Capillary Permeability↗
PubMed1979

Retinal fluorescein angiography and hemoglobin A1C in borderline diabetes.

In a controlled study fluorescein angiography of the retina and measurements of hemoglobin A1C were carried out in subjects with slightly abnormal two-hour glucose tolerance and controls with normal glucose tolerance. Fluorescent dots were present in 50 per cent of the series with a reduced glucose tolerance. Leakage from retinal vessels was noted in 20 per cent. In the control group fluorescent dots were present in 25 per cent, of whom none showed leakage. In neither of the series did any subject display ophthalmoscopically visible signs of diabetic retinopathy. In the subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance the mean concentration of hemoglobin A1C was 5.88% +/- 1.15 (SD) and in the control group 5.11% +/- 0.85 (SD) (P less than 0.05) . No correlation was demonstrable between the number of fluorescent dots, hemoglobin A1C and age in the group with abnormal glucose tolerance, but a relationship was noticed between a hereditary disposition to diabetes mellitus and presence of fluorescent dots. Smoking appeared not to have any influence. The result of the present study indicates that incipient retinal microvascular changes and evidence of an early breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier may be present in subjects before diabetes becomes manifest.

Diabetes Mellitus↗