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Biomedical subjects

J Donnelly

Publications and source records attributed to J Donnelly.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Improving self-care among older patients with type II diabetes: the "Sixty Something..." Study.

A 10-session, self-management training program was designed specifically for persons over 60 years of age having Type II diabetes. It targeted social learning variables, especially problem-solving skills and self-efficacy, found to be related to diabetes self-care in earlier correlational research. One hundred two adults were randomized to immediate or delayed intervention conditions. At posttest, subjects in the immediate intervention condition showed significantly greater reductions in caloric intake and percent of calories from fat than control subjects. The intervention also produced greater weight reductions and increases in the frequency of glucose testing than did the control condition. Improvements among immediate intervention subjects were generally maintained at a 6-month follow-up. Intervention results from subjects receiving delayed intervention closely replicated those for immediate intervention subjects. We conclude that a relatively short-term program can improve self-management skills of older diabetic adults, and that there is an important need for such interventions.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Cryopreserved platelets have decreased adhesive capacity.

The technique of freezing blood platelets has proven very useful in transfusion support of some patients who have become alloimmunized by prior transfusions. Although transfused frozen platelets have an acceptable life span in vivo, functional defects have been found when these cells were tested in vitro. The adhesive properties of frozen platelets were investigated by use of a modified Baumgartner chamber to perform paired perfusion studies of fresh versus frozen platelets or fresh versus 5-day-stored platelets from the same whole blood unit. Platelets were either frozen in liquid nitrogen with dimethyl sulfoxide as the cryopreservative or stored under standard blood bank conditions for 5 days. The freeze-thaw recovery of platelets was 73 +/- 8 percent. Frozen platelets exhibited a significant decrease in platelet adhesion as compared to fresh platelets from the same unit; adhesion of frozen platelets was only 53 percent of that of fresh platelets (p = 0.04). A slight, but insignificant decrease was noted with platelets stored for 5 days (86%, p = 0.197). These findings indicate that frozen-thawed platelets have a significant defect in adhesive capacity as compared to fresh platelets, and that platelets stored under blood bank conditions for 5 days maintain adhesive capacity well.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1991

The hemodynamics of thrombus formation in arteries.

Alterations in arterial blood flow are thought to predispose to thrombus formation, but the exact relationships have not been fully elucidated. The effect of varying blood flows on the accumulation of thrombotic material within arteries was investigated, with use of shear rate as an index of flow across the luminal surface. Partially denuded rabbit aortas were perfused with fresh nonanticoagulated human blood for 3 minutes, with an in vitro recirculating apparatus, Indium 111-labeled platelets, and fibrinogen I 125. Shear rates ranged from zero to 1500 sec-1, correlating with the hemodynamics of various segments of the human arterial tree. A significant correlation was observed between shear rate and platelet deposition, ranging from 5.2 +/- 2.8 x 10(6) platelets/cm2 of vessel surface area at zero shear to a maximum of 64.7 +/- 8.3 x 10(6) platelets/cm2 at a shear rate of 1500 sec-1 (F = 5.01, p less than 0.05). Fibrin deposition paralleled that of platelets, ranging from 28.2 +/- 7.6 micrograms/cm2 at zero shear to 354.1 +/- 62.7 micrograms/cm2 at a shear rate of 1500 sec-1 (F = 5.91, p less than 0.05). These results suggest that shear rate is a most important determinant of platelet and fibrin deposition on altered arterial surfaces.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Transsexualism.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1991

'The Barn'.

An exciting new concept in operating theatre suite design is being pioneered at the Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital. Jane Donnelly visited 'The Barn' in February and reports on how the work is progressing.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Diabetes-specific social learning variables and self-care behaviors among persons with type II diabetes.

This study assessed the relationship between diabetes-specific social learning factors and diabetes self-care. Predictor variables were collected within the categories of knowledge (e.g., behavioral demonstrations, pencil-and-paper tests), beliefs/expectations (e.g., self-efficacy, self-motivation), skills (e.g., problem-solving and refusal skills), and environmental support (e.g., barriers to adherence, family support). Different results emerged across the three areas of the regimen assessed: diet, exercise, and glucose testing. Multiple-regression analyses revealed that the social learning variables consistently improved the prediction of self-care beyond that attributable to demographic variables but that the categories of social learning variables most closely related to self-care varied across regimen areas. These findings suggest that programs to enhance diabetes self-care could beneficially focus on life-style behaviors and employ strategies to increase regimen-related expectations and diabetes-specific social and problem-solving skills.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Testosterone effects on biosynthesis of coagulation proteins.

Studies were performed to assess the effects of testosterone on synthesis of selected coagulation proteins using the isolated rat liver perfused in vitro for 10 hours, as well as effects of testosterone on plasma levels of these same proteins. Pretreatment of castrated male rat liver donors for 14 days with pellets containing placebo or testosterone, 0.5 mg, 5.0 mg or 15.0 mg had no significant effects on cumulative biosynthesis of Factor II, Factor VII, antithrombin III, plasminogen or fibrinogen. Plasma concentrations of these proteins in liver donor animals were also unchanged by such hormonal manipulations. In contrast, biosynthesis of fibronectin was increased significantly by increasing doses of testosterone, and plasma concentrations of fibronectin in liver donor rats showed a similar effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Measurements of rat plasma coagulation proteins during prolonged exposure to diethylstilbesterol.

The effects of diethylstilbesterol (DES) on concentration of selected plasma coagulation proteins in male rats was studied sequentially over a 28-day period. At the outset of the study, male rats underwent orchiectomy and implantation of a pellet containing DES 5.0 mg or a placebo pellet. At intervals of 7 days, 3 of the animals from each treatment group were sacrificed and blood samples were withdrawn for assay. Plasma concentrations of Factor II (prothrombin) and Factor VII, two vitamin K-dependent coagulation proteins, were significantly decreased in DES-treated animals (approximately 70% normal activity for both Factors) compared to placebo-treated animals. In contrast, Factor VIII activity was higher with DES treatment than with placebo. Plasma concentrations of both antithrombin III (AT III) and plasminogen were decreased in DES-treated animals compared to placebo by immunologic as well as activity assays. Albumin concentrations were not different between the two groups at any point of study, although both were increased at day 21 compared to beginning values. Fibronectin concentrations were slightly decreased in DES-treated animals compared to those which received placebo. The combination of orchiectomy and treatment with DES had profound metabolic effects on the animals; the DES treated animals had a mean body weight loss of 100 g after 28 days, while the placebo group gained an average of 78 g compared to a control group (no surgery) which had average weight gain of 85 g during the 28 day period of study.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Invasion of the mouse eye by Onchocerca microfilariae.

Onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae (mf) were injected s.c. into the scalp between the eyes of CBA/H mice. Invasion was followed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and H & E stained serial sections at varying times post infection. The first mf observed were found 24 hr p.i. on the corneal surface in tear fluid. At 48 hr mf were observed actively swimming in the anterior chamber and by 3 d in the corneal stroma. Histologically mf appeared in orbital muscle connective tissue, subcutaneously in the eyebrows at the eyelid/conjunctiva junction from 6 hr p.i. By 12 hr some mf had moved into the suprascleral muscle junctions, the sclera and into the superior corneal stroma. By 24 hr mf were present in larger numbers in all these sites. Mf were found in all eyes up to 42 d p.i. No mf were seen in any sections of the retina or optic nerve. Rabbit antiserum raised to mf, used in an avidin-biotin immunostain to check whether mf might have been hidden within the retinal nuclear layers, revealed no mf although they were plainly seen in other ocular tissues. Retinal invasion was induced by injection of mf into the lateral tail vein: serial sections revealed mf associated with blood vessels in the sclera, suprascleral muscle blocks and inner plexiform layer of the retina from 5 min p.i.

Animals↗