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Biomedical subjects

J Drukker

Publications and source records attributed to J Drukker.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Thionin staining of paraffin and plastic embedded sections of cartilage.

The usefulness of thionin for staining cartilage sections embedded in glycol methacrylate (GMA) and the effect of decalcification on cartilage sections embedded in paraffin and GMA were assessed. Short decalcification periods using 5% formic acid or 10% EDTA did not influence the staining properties or the morphology of cartilage matrix and chondrocytes. The standard stain safranin O-fast green for differential staining of cartilage was used as control in these experiments. Prolonged exposure of safranin O stained sections to fast green resulted in disappearance of the safranin O stained matrix, thereby hampering the quantitative measurement of negatively charged glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Thionin stained evenly throughout all cartilage layers, independent of the staining times. In contrast to safranin O, thionin did not show metachromasia in nondehydrated cartilage sections, which made it more suitable for assessing cartilage quality in GMA embedded cartilage. To evaluate the selectivity of thionin staining in cartilage, chondroitinase ABC and trypsin digestions were carried out. Thionin staining was prevented by these enzymes in the territorial matrix, representing the interlacunar network and the chondrocyte capsule. Staining with thionin of the interterritorial matrix was only slightly reduced, possibly representing keratan sulfate and hyaluronic acid in cartilage of elderly patients. Comparison of thionin stained GMA embedded cartilage with safranin O stained paraffin embedded sections showed significant similarity in optical densitometry, indicative of the specificity of thionin bound to negatively charged GAG in cartilage. In GMA embedded cartilage morphology was relatively intact compared to paraffin embedded sections due to less shrinkage of chondrocytes and the interlacunar network.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Quantitative and spatial aspects of degenerative changes in rat soleus muscle after exercise of different durations.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of exercise duration on the amount of histological change (degeneration and cellular response), the number of affected muscle fibres, the segment over which muscle fibres were affected and the spatial distribution of affected muscle fibres in the rat soleus muscle after submaximal uphill running. Male Wistar rats ran on a treadmill (10 degrees incline, 1840 m/h) for 1.5 or 2.5 h. Three days postexercise the left and right soleus muscles were removed. Serial transverse sections were cut from proximal to distal, so that individual fibres could be followed over their entire length. Histological changes were quantified morphologically. With increasing exercise duration, an increase in the histological changes was found, as were a greater number of affected fibres and an increase in the mean length over which fibres were affected. Beside occasional minor clustering, affected fibres were distributed randomly throughout the muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The reliability of the Mankin score for osteoarthritis.

For the histopathological classification of the severity of osteoarthritic lesions of cartilage, the Mankin score is frequently used. A necessary constraint on the validity of this scoring system is the consistency with which cartilage lesions are classified. The intra- and interobserver agreement of the Mankin score was determined. The intra- and interobserver agreement of the 14-point Mankin score was adequate. Between observers 95% of differences were less than approximately 7 points. By a more strict definition of the elements of the Mankin score, the intraobserver differences were reduced only for some observers. The interobserver differences were only slightly reduced: between observers 95% of differences were less than approximately 6 points. We found the Mankin score to be an adequate histopathological tool.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Cervical spine motion in the sagittal plane. II. Position of segmental averaged instantaneous centers of rotation--a cineradiographic study.

Anteflexion and retroflexion movements of the cervical spine were recorded cineradiographically during three measuring sessions to determine reproducibility as well as intraindividual and interindividual variability of segmental instantaneous centers of rotation (recorded as "averaged" and "standard"). Segmental averaged instantaneous centers of rotation were based on data obtained from all frames of the cineradiographic film by the use of the average pentagon and moving average method. Only the first and last frame were used to construct the segmental standard instantaneous centers of rotation. Contrary to segmental range of motion, a parameter of quantity of motion, the position of the averaged instantaneous centers of rotation (better than the standard), a parameter of quality of movement, shows a variability of such low extent that it seems feasible to use it to diagnose abnormal mobility or in assessing therapy in the neck region.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Relationship between exercise-induced muscle damage and enzyme release in rats.

The relationship between the amount of exercise-induced muscle damage and the release of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) was studied. Gender differences in enzyme release and histological damage were also studied. Serial pre- and postexercise blood samples were drawn from untrained male and female catheterized Wistar rats that ran 1.5 or 2.5 h on a treadmill (incline 10 degrees). Three days postexercise, muscle damage was quantified morphometrically in five different hindlimb and forearm muscles. The 1.5 and 2.5 h of exercise elicited histological damage only in the soleus muscle. Significant plasma CK, AST, and LD elevations were found immediately postexercise both in male and female rats. However, the enzyme release was significantly greater in males than in females. Part of this could be explained by differences in clearance rates between males and females. No gender difference in amount of histological damage was found. The actual volume of histological muscle damage was significantly less than the calculated muscle damage based on enzyme release. An increase in the exercise duration from 1.5 to 2.5 h resulted in a disproportional increase in both histological muscle damage and muscle enzyme release. From the present study it is concluded that muscle enzyme release is not clearly reflected in histological muscle damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Histological preparation of the undecalcified rat otic bulla for mesoscopic observations.

Otic bullas of the rat, obtained by excision and formalin fixed, are successfully embedded in methylmethacrylate by dehydration and subsequent infiltration with plastic under vacuum. Sections 10 microns thick are obtained by cutting the trimmed and sandpapered acrylic blocks on an LKB multirange microtome. The sections are collected on adhesive tape and stained with a Trichrome stain (modified Weigert-van Gieson). Finally, the sections attached to the tape are mounted on microscope slides with glycerin-gelatin and sealed in the same medium. Serial sections are used for three-dimensional graphic reconstruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Nerves and nerve plexuses of the human vertebral column.

The origin, distribution, and termination pattern of nerves supplying the vertebral column and its associated structures have been studied in the human fetus by means of an acetylcholinesterase whole-mount method. The vertebral column is surrounded by ventral and dorsal nerve plexuses which are interconnected. The ventral nerve plexus consists of the nerve plexus associated with the anterior longitudinal ligament. This longitudinally oriented nerve plexus has a bilateral supply from many small branches of the sympathetic trunk, rami communicantes, and perivascular nerve plexuses of segmental arteries. In the thoracic region, the ventral nerve plexus also is connected to the nerve plexuses of costovertebral joints. The dorsal nerve plexus is made up of the nerve plexus associated with the posterior longitudinal ligament. This nerve plexus is more irregular and receives contributions only from the sinu-vertebral nerves. The sinu-vertebral nerves originate from the rami communicantes and, in the cervical region, also from the nerve plexus of the vertebral artery. Thick and thin sinu-vertebral nerves are found. Most frequently three types of thick sinu-vertebral nerves are observed, i.e., ascending, descending, or dichotomizing ones. Finally, the distribution of the branches of the ventral and dorsal nerve plexuses and of the sinu-vertebral nerves is described.

Cervical Plexus↗
PubMed1990

Functional topography and ultrastructure of periarticular mechanoreceptors in the lateral elbow region of the rat.

The distribution and ultrastructure of sensory nerve endings were investigated in the deep lateral elbow region of the rat. Three zones of distribution of mechanoreceptors were distinguished, each in relation to the functional architecture of the connective and muscular tissue in that area: (1) a zone with muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs, free nerve endings and single small lamellated corpuscles ('muscle-tendon spectrum'), situated in the middle third of the supinator muscle and its superficial aponeurosis; (2) a zone with small lamellated corpuscles and free nerve endings, situated pericapsularly to the humeroradial joint capsule ('shearing spectrum'): this moderately dense, irregular connective tissue is covered by the proximal continuation of the supinator's aponeurosis, and muscle fibers insert from beneath this aponeurosis, which displays, as a part of the joint capsule, a strong collagenous tissue plate; (3) a zone with only free nerve endings within the tendon-like, most proximal part of the supinator's aponeurosis, inserting into the periosteal layer of the lateral humeral epicondyle ('endotenonial spectrum'): it is part of the joint capsule. The ultrastructure of these sensory endings is described and the distribution pattern of the mechanoreceptors observed is discussed in relation to the classification into 'muscle receptors' and 'joint receptors'.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Cervical spine motion in the sagittal plane (I) range of motion of actually performed movements, an X-ray cinematographic study.

A fast method has been developed to determine the position of the outlines of bony structures on X-ray photographs of the cervical spine movements in the sagittal plane (105 mm spot film camera; 4 frames per second; about 10 seconds per complete anteflexion-retroflexion or vice versa). This method corrects for incongruity of the vertebral contours on consecutive frames due to motion in another than the sagittal plane. It also automatically corrects erroneously marked points. This method has been used to determine segmental range of motion (SROM) and total range of motion of the head with respect to the seventh cervical vertebra (TROM). It is shown that SROM may be larger when frames of intermediate instead of extreme positions of the film are considered. In ten test persons without cervical complaints the interindividual variability of SROM turned out to be comparable to the ones found with older methods. Intraindividual variability of SROM and TROM was determined by registration at three different measuring sessions (0, 2 and 10 weeks). This intraindividual variability is high, especially in the cranial and caudal parts of the cervical spine. It is concluded that SROM and TROM are unsuitable to be used as a parameter of cervical spine mobility.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of the notochord on proliferation and differentiation in the neural tube of the chick embryo.

After implantation of a notochord fragment lateral to the neural tube in a 2-day chick embryo, at 4 days the ipsilateral neural tube half was increased in size and axons left the neural tube in a broad dorsoventral area (van Straaten et al. 1985). This enlargement appears to coincide with an increased area of AChE-positive basal plate neuroblasts, as determined with scan-cytophotometry. The effect was ipsilateral and local: clear effects were seen only when the implant was localized less than 80 microns from the neural tube and over 120 microns from the ventral notochord. In order to investigate the expected enhancement of proliferation, the mitotic density and the number of cells at the site of the implant at 3 days was determined and the mitotic index calculated. All three parameters showed an increase. It was concluded that the cell cycle was shorter in the implant area relative to the control area, at least during the third day. At 4 days the number of cells was still increased, predominantly in the basal plate. It appeared that the numerical increase was for the larger part due to neuroblasts. The synergism of two notochords thus resulted in enhancement of proliferation and differentiation in the neural tube. It is suggested that the notochord merely regulates and arranges the surrounding sclerenchymal cells, which are the effective cells in the regulation of neural tube development.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1989

Repair of articular defects by perichondrial grafts. Experiments in the rabbit.

A defect was created in the articular cartilage of the rabbit knee leaving the subchondral bone intact. The lesion was repaired by an autologous graft of costal perichondrium and fixed with fibrin glue. The result was compared with a nontreated defect in the contralateral knee. In 26 out of 30 knees, graft fixation proved to be adequate. In the grafted group the perichondrium developed macroscopically and histologically into normal hyaline cartilage. The nongrafted defects showed only limited repair.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of the notochord on the differentiation of a floor plate area in the neural tube of the chick embryo.

The role of a notochord fragment on the origin of an additional floor plate area in the neural tube is investigated by quantitative morphological methods. In 1.5 to 2 day chick embryos a notochordal fragment was implanted in close apposition to the lateral wall of the neural groove in the region between prospective wing and leg bud. At 4 days, adjacent to the implant a distinct area of the neural wall was present, which resembled the natural floor plate with respect to its thickness, the abluminal location of elongated nuclei and the absence of neuroblasts. The mitotic density of this area was reduced. This "additional floor plate" was distinct when the experiment was performed at 1.5 days but was hardly recognizable when it was carried out at 2 days. From these results it is concluded that a) the notochord induces floor plate like structures and diminishes proliferation, and b) that the period of floor plate induction by the notochord is very restricted.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Peptide immunoreactivity in developing entero-endocrine cells in endodermal grafts.

Presumptive endoderm was excised from 19-h chick or quail embryos and grafted, together with a fragment of notochord from a 48-h host chick embryo. After 14 days the graft showed differentiation towards several digestive and respiratory tract structures. Entero-endocrine cells were demonstrated in these structures. Peptide immunoreactivity in these structures was similar to some extent to the peptide spectrum in corresponding regions during normal development, though the number of demonstrable peptides per region under the conditions of grafting appeared to be higher than in control conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The innervation of the spinal dura mater: anatomy and clinical implications.

The nerves supplying the spinal dura mater were studied in four human foetuses (16-22 weeks) with the acetylcholinesterase in toto staining method. The ventral spinal dura contains a dense, longitudinally oriented, nerve plexus, which receives its contributions from: (I) the sinuvertebral nerves, (II) the nerve plexus of the posterior longitudinal ligament, (III) the nerve plexus of radicular branches of segmental arteries. Dorsal dural nerves are much smaller in number, do not form an evident plexus and do not reach the medial region of the dorsal dura. The dorsal nerves are derived from the ventral dural plexus at the level of the "intersleeval" parts of the dura mater. The ventral dural nerves may extend up to eight segments, with a great amount of overlap between adjacent nerves. This may provide an anatomical substrate for the understanding of extrasegmentally referred dural pain. The curled bundles of nerve fibres of pathways (I) and (II) provide an adequate adaptation to displacements of the spinal dura mater during flexion and extension. Pathway (III) has not been described before. The described nerve plexuses may be of importance in elucidating the mechanisms of epidural therapies in back pain and peripheral vascular disease.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1988

Drug effects on arthrosis. Comparison in rabbits of 3 modes of action.

Arthrosis was induced in adult rabbit knees by immobilization in extension. The influence of some intraarticularly injected drugs on the course of arthrosis was studied. Arteparon, Trasylol, and Kenacort A10 increased the contents of acidic glycosaminoglycans in the chondrocytes. Only Arteparon had a favorable effect on the integrity of the articular surface.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1988

The synthesis of peptides in enteroendocrine cells developing in explanted presumptive endoderm.

Peptide immunoreactivity was studied in grafts of endoderm from chick or quail embryos (19 hours, corresponding to stage 4- to 5 according to Hamburger and Hamilton) in the coelom of a 48 hour host embryo. The presence of gastrin, glucagon, cholecystokinin, VIP, substance P, somatostatin, bombesin, motilin, secretin, pancreatic polypeptide, neurotensin and insulin was demonstrated. The nature of the peptide(s) generally matched the regional differentiation of the enteric epithelium and the underlying mesodermal components. The findings are compatible with the concept of heterogeneity of the endoderm due to migration of epiblast derived cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Branches of the thoracic sympathetic trunk in the human fetus.

The segmental organization of the thoracic sympathetic trunk and all its ramifications was studied in 6 human fetuses (16-22 weeks) by means of the acetylcholinesterase in toto staining method. Each trunk was divided into 12 sympathetic segments. A segment is defined as that part of the sympathetic trunk which is connected via its rami communicantes with one spinal nerve, without discriminating between grey and white rami. The diameter of the rami communicantes and their direction towards the spinal nerves are variable. The number of peripheral segmental ramifications of the trunk is much larger than assumed previously. Each thoracic sympathetic segment gives off at least 4-5 nerves. Three categories of nerves are discerned: (1) large splanchnic rootlets confined to the greater, lesser and least thoracic splanchnic nerves, (2) medium-sized splanchnic nerves directed towards thoracic viscera, some of which give off branches towards costovertebral joint plexuses and, described for the first time in man, (3) small nerves which ramify extensively and form nerve plexuses in the capsule of the costovertebral joints. The majority of the ramifications is formed by the nerves of the third category. The existence of Kuntz's nerve, connecting the 2nd intercostal nerve and 1st thoracic spinal nerve, is confirmed in four specimens. The nerve plexuses of the costovertebral joints receive a segmentally organized innervation: they receive their input from the neighbouring sympathetic segment and the one cranial to it. It is concluded that the thoracic sympathetic branches in man show a complex, segmentally organized pattern and may have a considerable component of somatosensory nerve fibers. The complex relationships must be taken into account in surgical sympathectomies.

Female↗