Catecholamine metabolism in affective disorders. I. Normetanephrine and VMA excretion in depressed patients treated with imipramine.
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Depression↗
Biomedical subjects
J Durell
Publications and source records attributed to J Durell.
A community-oriented therapeutic milieu.
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Humans↗
Private substance abuse treatments: are some programs more effective than others?
There have been few studies of treatments for substance dependence among private programs. The present study compared the patient populations, treatment services provided and six-month outcomes of employed, insured patients referred by an employee assistance program to four private treatment programs (two inpatient and two outpatient). Subjects were alcohol and/or cocaine dependent males referred from a single employer. Ninety-four percent were successfully contacted at six-month follow-up, with confirmatory urinalysis and breathalyzer samples taken. Three results were obtained. First, there were significant and pervasive improvements shown in the total sample at follow-up. Fifty-nine percent were completely abstinent, 82% were working and only 8% required re-treatment. Second, there were significant differences among the programs in levels of improvement and six-month outcomes. Finally, the differences in efficacy were related to the differences in the nature and amount of treatment services provided.
Adult↗
Preventing substance abuse: the state of the art.
While drug abuse among adolescents and young adults has begun to decline from the epidemic levels of the late 1970s, it remains a serious national health problem. Much information from research suggests that young people at the junior and senior high school levels are the most vulnerable to the social pressures that lead to experimental and then regular use of psychoactive substances. Well-designed prevention programs for youngsters in these age groups have the potential to prevent the onset and development of regular drug use. Primary prevention strategies developed over the past two decades--media campaigns, school drug education programs, and "generic" programs--are reviewed, and evaluative research is discussed. The authors describe two additional prevention approaches--the "macro" approach (creating a climate of nondrug use) and positive peer pressure strategies--for which early data suggest genuine promise for the future.
Adolescent↗