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Biomedical subjects

J E Andersson

Publications and source records attributed to J E Andersson.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Neonatal hip instability: results and experiences from ten years of screening with the anterior-dynamic ultrasound method.

AIM: To record the results and experiences from a 10-y screening period with the anterior-dynamic ultrasound method for detecting neonatal hip instability. METHODS: An ultrasonographic improvement of the Palmén/Barlow test was used. The screening programme included 22,047 newborns. Decisions about treatment were made solely on the ultrasound result. RESULTS: It was found that 175 infants (7.9/1000) had at least one unstable hip--dislocated or dislocatable. Dislocated hips were found in 1.1/1000. Dislocatable hips were found in 6.8/1000 but only 1.1/1000 needed treatment. The total frequency of treatment was 2.2/1000. All cases but one were diagnosed before discharge from the maternity ward. The rate of surgery was 0.1/1000 newborns. Girls were more affected than boys, by a ratio of 3:1. Among the affected hips 64.4% were a left hip. CONCLUSION: Neonatal hip instability is always present at birth and can be diagnosed immediately after birth. We have no indications that instability can appear at a later stage. The anterior-dynamic ultrasound screening programme is an efficient tool to diagnose neonatal hip instability and to decide when to begin treatment.

Female↗
PubMed2001

The breech presentation and the vertex presentation following an external version represent risk factors for neonatal hip instability.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and type of hip-joint instability and the frequency of hip dislocation requiring treatment in neonates who had been lying in the breech presentation and were delivered vaginally after an external version or by caesarean section, and to compare them with neonates who were naturally in the vertex presentation. Breech presentations without ongoing labour were subjected to an attempted external version and, in cases where this proved unsuccessful or where labour had started, to deliver by caesarean section. None of the breech presentations was vaginally delivered. The anterior-dynamic ultrasound method was used to assess the hip-joint status of the neonates. Out of 6,571 foetuses, 257 were in breech presentation after 36 wk of pregnancy. Sixty-two were vaginally delivered following an external version to vertex presentation and 195 were delivered by caesarean section, 75 of these following unsuccessful attempts to perform a version. Treatment for congenital hip-joint dislocation was performed on 0.2%. Out of the breech presentations, 1.0% of those delivered by caesarean section were treated, while in those with vaginal delivery following an external version the treatment frequency was 3.2%. No case of late diagnosed hip dislocation was recorded. Significant differences in frequency of hip-joint instability and treatment were found between (i) neonates delivered in breech presentation and those delivered with vertex presentation, (ii) infants delivered in vertex presentation, naturally or after successful version, and (iii) those delivered by caesarean section with or without attempted external version and those delivered with vortex presentation. CONCLUSION: Breech presentation predisposes to increased hip instability. The instability is present prior to delivery and is certainly not a primary result of delivery forces. Both breech and vertex presentations following an external or spontaneous version should be considered as risk factors for neonatal hip instability.

Breech Presentation↗
PubMed1996

[Wernicke's encephalopathy].

Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a neuropsychiatric disorder caused by thiamine (vitamin B1)-deficiency. WE is most commonly seen among patients with alcohol abuse, and thiamine deficiency is here caused by several factors, among others inadequate diet, insufficient gastrointestinal absorption and enzymatic abnormalities. The syndrome, however, is also seen among non-alcoholic, undernourished patients, e.g. certain patients with cancer or AIDS. The diagnosis WE has traditionally been given when the triad of confusion, ataxia and ophthalmoplegia was present. However, it should be recognised, that these three symptoms are not always present at the same time, partly because the mental symptoms often dominate and cloud, possible ocular abnormalities and ataxia. The syndrome is, according to the author's opinion, still underdiagnosed. The treatment of WE, consisting of large doses of intravenous thiamine, is effective and safe, and therefore it is important to be aware of WE among risk-patients, especially among patients with alcohol abuse, and to institute treatment with intravenous thiamine at the slightest suspicion.

Denmark↗
PubMed1992

[Sexological evaluation, referral and treatment in the county psychiatric care. A retrospective study of a sexological patient population referred to a department of general psychiatry].

In a five-year period from 1984-1988, 248 patients were referred to a sexological working group located at the psychiatric departments in Frederiksborg County. The material was analysed retrospectively. Only a minor group of patients presenting sexual complaints are offered counselling or therapy. Two thirds of the patients were referred from their general practitioners. The main problems were erectile dysfunction and reduced sexual desire in men--and reduced sexual desire and orgasmic dysfunction in women. Compared to a specialized sexological clinic, a lower frequency of sexual deviations was observed. In 3/4 a need for sexological treatment was demonstrated. It is argued that it will be an appropriate task to have a unit for visitation and treatment in each county for example in a psychiatric context. In one fifth of the patients, a psychiatric diagnosis of relevance for the treatment was recorded. We need to reevaluate the actual structure for sexological treatment. Only one specialized clinic in the country seems to little, when most patients are treated as out-patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A longitudinal study of changes in frequency and technical standard of endodontic treatment in a Swedish population.

Longitudinal studies of endodontic treatment are rare. The purpose of this investigation was to study changes in frequency, technical standard and treatment need in a Swedish population with an interval of 5-7 years. The number of endodontically treated teeth in the population increased while the number of periradicular radiolucencies was at about the same level at the second examination. The number of radiolucencies found in endodontically treated teeth was reduced while it was increased in untreated teeth. The number of root fillings ending less than or equal to 2 mm from the apex of the tooth as well as fillings with a proper seal had increased at the second examination, but still only 40.2% ended less than or equal to 2 mm from the apex of the tooth and 59.1% of the root fillings were judged to have a proper seal. It was concluded that a great need for endodontic treatment existed in the population examined. A slight improvement in the quality of the treatment was evident at the second examination. However, the technical standard was still poor and obviously affected the outcome of the treatment. It is the opinion of the authors that endodontic treatment methods should be simplified as much as possible in an effort to improve the technical quality of the treatment. The prognosis of endodontic treatment would then improve as well.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Autogenous free tooth transplantation in man by a 2-stage operation technique. A longitudinal intra-individual radiographic assessment.

Insufficient nutrition to the root surface of autotransplanted mature human teeth after transplantation could be an explanation for the high rates of complications such as root resorption and loss of the tooth transplant. Insufficient nutrition is suggested as being due to the distance between the recipient site tissue and the root surface, and the presence of a blood-clot between the tissues. Improved nutrition could be achieved by transplanting into contact with the vascularised connective tissue of a healing wound. To test this hypothesis, a series of human teeth with fully developed roots were autotransplanted to recipient sites prepared and left to heal for 14 days before transplantation. This study is a follow-up of 57 transplants with a minimum observation time of 1 year. Periodic radiographic examinations of the teeth were performed up to 5 years after transplantation. The results presented, showed a lower incidence of root resorption and extractions than previously reported for teeth with fully developed roots.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

CT-scanning in the preoperative planning of osseointegrated implants in the maxilla.

The preoperative use of computed tomography in the planning for osseointegrated implants in the maxilla is described. In addition to the image of the soft tissue and alveolar bone provided, this procedure makes the deduction of the ideal fixture site possible. This is done using information supplied by the CT scanning. It is a time-saving method compared to conventional tomography and eliminates the need for panoramic and intra-oral radiographs.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMed1979

Separation of botulinum-positive and -negative fish samples by means of a pattern recognition method applied to headspace gas chromatograms.

A gas chromatographic headspace technique was used to analyze the gas produced during putrefaction of pond-raised, degutted trout, incubated in evacuated plastic pouches. The following samples were analyzed; 10 samples which, due to natural contamination with Clostridium botulinum, were toxic when injected into mice, 10 samples which were nontoxic when injected, and 9 samples inoculated with one strain of C. botulinum type E. The gas chromatograms showed the presence of 118 compounds in most samples. Quantitative differences among most chromatograms could be observed, but no compound was unique to any of the three groups. By means of a specific pattern recognition method, all negative samples were shown to fall into one group and were distinctly separated from the toxic samples. No differences could be observed between the two groups of inoculated and naturally contaminated trout samples. The results suggest that headspace analysis combined with pattern recognition analysis might prove to be a valuable method for screening studies of foods containing living cells of C. botulinum.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal hip instability: screening with anterior-dynamic ultrasound method.

The anterior-dynamic ultrasound method was used for screening 4,430 children for hip dislocation. The frequency of treatment for unstable hip joints was reduced to 0.18%, having been 1.7% without ultrasound screening. No cases of late-diagnosed dislocation were registered. The sensitivity of the pediatricians' clinical examination screening was low, only 24%. After intensive training over several years and improved clinical examination methods, our five technicians managed to increase the sensitivity to 53%. With clinical examination methods, cases of totally dislocated hips can be difficult to diagnose, and only two of four such hips were clinically diagnosed; the proportion of false-positive cases, 0.7%, was also considerable. The anterior-dynamic ultrasound method could optimize the screening results of many clinics.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal hip instability: normal values for physiological movement of the femoral head determined by an anterior-dynamic ultrasound method.

A total of 910 clinically normal hips in neonates younger than 48 h old was examined using an anterior-dynamic ultrasound method to determine normal values for the femoral head diameter and physiological movement of the femoral head in relation to the acetabulum. The femoral head diameters were found to correlate positively with both birthweight and gestational age and to be larger in boys than in girls, the mean values being 16.08 +/- 1.49 mm and 15.56 +/- 1.43, respectively. The values for maximal movement of the femoral head in relation to the acetabulum at provocation by Palmén/Barlow's test were 6.0, 6.6, and 6.8 mm for the birthweights 2,000, 3,000, and 4,000 g, respectively. No significant difference was found between the results of four independent observers in the femoral head movement at provocation. The results of the first and the fourth examination were not significantly different, suggesting that more than four examinations are required to induce hip instability by using the Palmén/Barlow test. Repeated examination after 4 h did not show any significant difference between examinations.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum relaxin in the newborn is not a marker of neonatal hip instability.

It has been suggested that intrauterine exposure to high levels of relaxin causes hip instability in newborns. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether the serum relaxin concentration in umbilical vein blood is associated with hip instability in the newborn. Blood was collected by cordocentesis from 2,185 newborns, and serum relaxin levels were obtained by using a standard sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Movement of the femoral head in the hip joint was determined for all 2,185 children by the anterior-dynamic ultrasound method. Hereby their status on neonatal hip instability was determined. Fifteen cases (12 girls, three boys) were found, and 106 controls were selected. Only six newborns had unstable hips to a degree requiring treatment. Ten newborns had Ortolani-positive hips. Only three specimens of the 121 samples measured had serum relaxin concentrations above the detection limit of 10 pg/ml. None of these were cases. This study does not show an association of serum relaxin with neonatal hip instability. It is suggested that detectable serum relaxin levels are found in samples from the umbilical cord only when these are contaminated with maternal blood.

Biomarkers↗