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J E Arch

Publications and source records attributed to J E Arch.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Inhibition of regain in body weight and fat with addition of 3-carbon compounds to the diet with hyperenergetic refeeding after weight reduction.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of the 3-carbon compounds pyruvate and dihydroxyacetone (PD) in inhibiting reaccumulation of body weight and fat with refeeding after weight loss. DESIGN: Longitudinal, in Clinical Research Center. After weight loss induced by hypoenergetic diet (1.3 MJ/d) for 3 weeks, refeeding with hyperenergetic diet (1.5 x resting energy expenditure) for 3 weeks. Refeeding diet randomized to contain PD or placebo (PL, polyglucose) as approximately 20% of energy intake. SUBJECTS: 17 obese healthy women (n = 8 in PL group, n = 9 in PD group) (age: 22-60 y, weight: 72.5-139.7 kg). MEASUREMENTS: Resting energy expenditure (REE), body composition (by bioelectrical impedance), nitrogen balance, serum proteins, biochemical profile, thyroid hormones, and insulin, before and after refeeding and weight and fat gain. RESULTS: Refeeding with a hyperenergetic diet, weight gain was significantly less in patients receiving PD compared to placebo (1.8 + 0.2 kg vs 2.9 +/- 0.1 kg, P < 0.01). Body fat regain was also less with feeding of PD (0.8 +/- 0.2 kg vs 1.8 +/- 0.2 kg, P < 0.01). Body protein metabolism, as measured by nitrogen balance, serum protein concentrations and fat free mass, was similar in subjects consuming either PD or PL. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that 3-carbon compounds decrease weight gain and reaccumulation of body fat, without decreasing body protein gain, in obese subjects with hyperenergetic refeeding subsequent to weight loss.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1992

Body composition, energy utilization, and nitrogen metabolism with a severely restricted diet supplemented with dihydroxyacetone and pyruvate.

To determine the effect of dietary modification on energy utilization during severely restrictive hypocaloric feeding, we measured body composition, energy deficit, and nitrogen metabolism in 13 obese women housed in a metabolic ward consuming a 2.1-MJ diet for 21 d with the three-carbon compounds dihydroxyacetone and pyruvate (DHAP), partially, isocalorically substituted for glucose. Body composition and amino acid (leucine) oxidation and turnover were determined before and after weight loss. Energy deficit was calculated from metabolic rates and compared with weight and fat loss. Subjects fed dihydroxyacetone and pyruvate showed a greater weight loss (DHAP = 6.5 +/- 0.3 kg, P = 5.6 +/- 0.2 kg), fat loss (DHAP = 4.3 +/- 0.2 kg, P = 3.5 +/- 0.1 kg), and weight and fat loss/4.25-MJ deficit (P less than 0.05 for all determinations). Nitrogen balance (urine and stool) and leucine metabolism were similar in both groups. We conclude that partial substitution of DHAP for six-carbon compounds of a 2.1-MJ diet will increase weight and fat loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Body composition, energy utilization, and nitrogen metabolism with a 4.25-MJ/d low-energy diet supplemented with pyruvate.

We measured body composition, energy deficit, and nitrogen metabolism in 14 obese women housed in a metabolic ward, who consumed a 4.25-MJ/d liquid diet (68% carbohydrate, 22% protein) for 21 d with or without pyruvate (PY; n = 7) partially, isoenergetically substituted for glucose (placebo; n = 7). Body composition and leucine oxidation and turnover were determined before and after weight loss. Energy deficit was calculated from resting metabolic rates. Subjects fed pyruvate showed a greater weight loss (PY = 5.9 +/- 0.7 kg, placebo = 4.3 +/- 0.3 kg, P less than 0.05), fat loss (PY = 4.0 +/- 0.5 kg, placebo = 2.7 +/- 0.2 kg, P less than 0.05), kg wt loss/4.25-MJ deficit (PY = 0.22 +/- 0.01 kg, placebo = 0.17 +/- 0.01 kg, P less than 0.05, and kg fat loss/4.25-MJ deficit (PY = 0.15 +/- 0.01 kg, placebo = 0.11 +/- 0.01 kg, P less than 0.05). Nitrogen balance (urine and stool) and leucine oxidation and turnover were similar in both groups. We conclude that the dietary modification whereby the three-carbon compound pyruvate is isoenergetically substituted for the six-carbon compound glucose in a 4.25-MJ/d, low-energy diet will increase fat and weight loss.

Body Composition↗
PubMed1992

Body composition, nitrogen metabolism, and energy utilization with feeding of mildly restricted (4.2 MJ/d) and severely restricted (2.1 MJ/d) isonitrogenous diets.

To determine the effects on weight loss of feeding isonitrogenous diets in mildly restricted (4.2 MJ/d) and severely restricted (2.1 MJ/d) amounts, we measured body composition, weight loss-energy deficit ratio, and nitrogen metabolism in 14 obese women housed in a metabolic ward consuming hypoenergetic diets for 21 d. Subjects consumed either a 4.2-MJ/d diet (50 g protein, 175 g carbohydrate) or a 2.1-MJ/d diet (50 g protein, 75 g carbohydrate). Body composition and leucine oxidation and turnover were determined before and after weight loss. Energy deficit was calculated from resting metabolic rates. Subjects fed the 2.1-MJ/d diet showed a greater weight loss (6.1 +/- 0.5 vs 4.5 +/- 0.5 kg; mean +/- SE, P less than 0.05) and fat loss (3.9 +/- 0.3 vs 3.0 +/- 0.3 kg, P less than 0.05). Weight loss-energy deficit ratio was the same with both diets. Nitrogen balance and leucine oxidation and turnover were similar in both groups. We conclude that with feeding of isonitrogenous hypoenergetic diets, severe restriction of energy content (2.1 MJ/d, 75 g carbohydrate) will enhance weight and fat loss without increasing nitrogen loss compared with mild restriction of energy (4.2 MJ/d).

Body Composition↗
PubMed1992

Plasma lipid concentrations in hyperlipidemic patients consuming a high-fat diet supplemented with pyruvate for 6 wk.

We evaluated the effects of a three-carbon compound, pyruvate, on plasma lipid concentrations in hyperlipidemic patients consuming a high-cholesterol (560-620 mg), high-fat (45-47% of energy; 18-20% of energy as saturated fatty acid), anabolic diet (0.11-0.12 MJ/kg body wt) for 6 wk. Forty subjects consumed the diet, randomly supplemented with 36-53 g pyruvate (n = 19) or 21-37 g polyglucose (placebo, Polycose, n = 21) as a portion of carbohydrate energy. Plasma cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were unchanged in the placebo group, but decreased by 4% and 5%, respectively, in the pyruvate group (P < 0.05 vs placebo). Plasma HDL-cholesterol, HDL3-cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were similar in both groups. Resting heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, and rate-pressure product were unchanged after 6 wk of therapy in the placebo group, but decreased by 9%, 6%, and 12%, respectively with pyruvate supplementation (P < 0.05 vs placebo). We conclude that pyruvate supplementation of a high-fat, high-cholesterol, anabolic diet will decrease plasma cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations without affecting the HDL-cholesterol concentration.

Blood Pressure↗